Paederus dermatitis - A bibliometric analysis of an emerging disease in travelers.

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Protective effect of small molecule analogues of the Acanthocheilonema viteae secreted product ES-62 on oxazolone-induced ear inflammation.

ES-62 is the major secreted protein of the rodent filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae. The molecule contains covalently attached phosphorylcholine (PC) residues, which confer anti-inflammatory properties on ES-62, underpinning the idea that drugs based on this active moiety may have therapeutic potential in human diseases associated with aberrant inflammation. Here we demonstrate that two synthetic small molecule analogues (SMAs) of ES-62 termed SMA 11a and SMA 12b are protective in the oxazolone-induced acute allergic contact dermatitis mouse model of skin inflammation, as measured by a significant reduction in ear inflammation following their administration before oxazolone sensitisation and before oxazolone challenge. Furthermore, it was found that when tested, 12b was effective at reducing ear swelling even when first administered before challenge. Histological analysis of the ears showed elevated cellular infiltration and collagen deposition in oxazolone-treated mice both of which were reduced by treatment with the two SMAs. Likewise, the oxazolone-induced increase in IFNγ mRNA in the ears was reduced but no effect on other cytokines investigated was observed. Finally, no influence on the mast cell populations in the ear was observed.

[Caterpillar dermatitis. An increasing dermatologic problem in warmer regions of Germany]. / Lepidopterismus. Ein zunehmendes Hautproblem in klimatisch wärmeren Regionen Deutschlands.

Caterpillar dermatitis or lepidopterism (Lepidoptera = butterflies) is a toxic-irritant, or rarely allergic, reaction triggered by the release of histamine, thaumetopoein and other kinins from the hairs of butterflies and caterpillars. In Central Europe, the two main causes of caterpillar dermatitis are the oak and pine processionary caterpillar. In addition to cutaneous reactions, patients may develop conjunctivitis, bronchitis and even anaphylactic reactions. We describe the cutaneous aspects of caterpillar dermatitis based on two case reports.

Serological, intradermal and live flea challenge tests in the assessment of hypersensitivity to flea antigens in cats (Felis domesticus).

The results of intradermal testing with three commercial flea antigens and a serological test for IgE antibodies to flea antigens were compared with live flea challenge in cats. Eight control cats with no prior flea exposure had negative serological test and flea challenge results. By contrast, 17 out of 27 cats with previous flea exposure showed immediate reactivity to flea challenge; reactivity at 6, 24 and 48 h after flea exposure was noted in 12, 16 and 21 cats, respectively. Seventeen of these cats had positive serological test results. Seven cats showed immediate intradermal test reactions to the ARTU allergen, six reacted to the Biophady allergen, and six reacted to the Greer allergen. Intradermal test reactivity was less frequent at the other time points. Using the results of the flea challenge as the 'gold standard' for the presence or absence of sensitisation to fleas, the sensitivity and specificity of the serological test was 0.88 and 0.77, respectively. Sensitivities of the intradermal tests at the four time points ranged from 0 to 0.33, whereas the specificities ranged from 0.78 to 1.0. Live flea challenge is better able to detect cats with hypersensitivity to fleas than either intradermal or serological testing.

Human giardiasis as an etiology of skin allergy: the role of adhesion molecules and interleukin-6.

The role of adhesion molecules; the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as mediators in development of skin allergy caused by giardiasis and the controlling role of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 over these adhesion molecules were studied. The work included 25 symptomatic giardiasis patients with skin allergy manifested by diffuse urticaria, pruritus, wheal and erythema, and had positive serum anti-Giardia immunoglobulin (Ig) E measured as mean optical density (OD) value by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employed as an evidence of allergic sensitization (G.I). They were compared with 30 symptomatic giardiasis patients (G.II) and 20 apparently healthy control subjects (G.III), both latter groups had negative serum anti-Giardia IgE. The mean OD value of anti-Giardia IgE was significantly increased in G.I (P < 0.01) & insignificantly different in GIII (P > 0.05) compared with G.III. Serum levels of soluble forms of adhesion molecules; sICAM-1 & sVCAM-1, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. sICAM-1 & sVCAM-1 serum levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in G.I compared with G.III and showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05) between Gs. II & III. Serum IL-6 significantly increased in G.I (P < 0.001) & G.II (P < 0.05) compared with G.III, and was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in G.I than G.II. Serum IL-6 correlated positively with serum sICAM-1 (P < 0.01) and sVCAM-1 (P < 0.001) in G.I. The results are discussed.

Effect of topical application of fipronil in cats with flea allergic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether topical application of a 10% fipronil solution would control signs of flea allergic dermatitis in cats housed under natural conditions. DESIGN: Multicenter open clinical trial. ANIMALS: 42 client-owned cats with flea allergic dermatitis. PROCEDURES: Study cats along with all other cats and dogs living in the same houses were treated with 10% fipronil solution topically on days 0, 30, and 60. Flea counts and clinical assessments were performed on study cats on days 0, 14, 30, 60, and 90. RESULTS: Percentage reductions in geometric mean flea counts on days 14, 30, 60, and 90, compared with day-0 geometric mean count, were 75, 73, 85, and 94%, respectively. Pruritus score was significantly improved at each examination after day 0, and pruritus was reduced or eliminated in 31 of 40 (78%) cats at the final examination. Similarly, scores for severity of miliary dermatitis and alopecia were significantly improved at each examination, except for alopecia score on day 14. Overall treatment efficacy, assessed on day 90, was excellent for 28 (70%) cats, good for 6 (15%), moderate for 3 (7.5%), and poor for 3 (7.5%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that monthly topical application of fipronil is effective for treatment of flea allergic dermatitis in cats housed under natural conditions.

[The case of dermatitis in the human as a result of the influence of the cercaria of the bird schistosome]. / Przypadek dermatitis u czlowieka wywolany przez cerkarie ptasich schistosom.

There are numerous cases of dermatitis described world-wide and resulting from the influence of the furcocercaria of the bird schistosome. The host snail species of the schistosome, producing thousands of furcocercaria are common in our country. But, because of too general symptoms of dermatitis resulting from the influence of the schistosome of the larvae, there are many unrecognisable cases. The reaction described was typical of a twenty-seven-year-old man collecting snails in the Piechota Bay in Gostynin (the Province of Kuyavia and Pomerania). In that reservoir, individuals of Lymnaea stagnalis were found, which were infected with sporocysts and furcocercaria of Trichobilharzia ocellata. In the laboratory conditions, a high expulsion of cercaria was observed, which amounted to over 8000 larvae per snail.

Zoonoses of dermatological interest.

The zoonoses are those diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Although commonly thought to be infectious in origin such as scabies or dermatophytosis, inflammatory processes may also be zoonotic. Contact dermatitis may result from allergens being carried from animals to humans. Although the scabies mite is somewhat species specific, various mites sometimes have the opportunity of producing skin disease on man (ie, canine scabies, porcine scabies, and feline scabies [notoedric mange]); cheyletiellosis is caused by a similar mite, often found in rabbits. The index case of superficial fungal infections may be the household pet, whereas the cause of flea bite dermatitis (papular urticaria) may be the lack of an animal, resulting in the flea choosing a human for feeding. Understanding zoonotic skin diseases will improve the clinician's diagnostic skills. Both the human and animal patient will then receive more effective treatment in a quicker fashion.

Influence of histamine receptor antagonists on the dynamics of the cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction in patients infected with schistosoma haematobium.

The biphasic cutaneous hypersensitivity response elicited by intradermal administration of S. haematobium antigen to patients with schistosomiasis may be used as a model for drug effects on cell dynamics. As the effects of H1- and H2-blockade, and the possible involvement of H3-receptors, have not been elucidated, we have examined the effects of combinations of cetirizine, cimetidine and betahistine on the response of patients with confirmed schistosomiasis. The skin blister technique was used. After intradermal administration of antigen, blister fluid containing inflammatory cells was collected on microscope slides at 6 and 24 h, and a differential cell count was done; and the area of induration was measured at 0.25, 1, 6 and 24 h. These baseline tests were repeated after 3 days of pretreatment with cetirizine 20 mg/d, after the addition of cimetidine 1200 mg/d for 3 further days, and finally after adding on betahistine 32 mg/d for 3 days. Simultaneous H1- and H2-blockade with cetirizine plus cimetidine caused a significantly greater reduction in induration than cetirizine (H1-blockade) alone; the reductions from the baseline value were 70%, 78%, 89%, 97%, and 33%, 53%, 43%, 30%, at times 0.25, 1, 6 and 24 h, respectively. The triple combination with the addition of betahistine (H1- and H2-agonist and H3-antagonist) resulted in reductions of 37%, 63%, 95% and 97% at the same times. The most striking changes in cellular dynamics were a significant increase in eosinophil (6 h) and neutrophil (6 h) vacuolation, and enhancement of monocyte (24 h) and basophil (6 h) accumulation, when the betahistine was added.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)