Design and Evaluation of Tretinoin Fatty Acid Vesicles for the Topical Treatment of Psoriasis.

The goal of the current study was to explore the potential benefits of Tretinoin (Tre) fatty acid vesicles (Tre-FAV) as a prospective antipsoriatic topical delivery system. This promising system can counteract the drug challenges in terms of its extremely low aqueous solubility, instability, skin irritation, and serious systemic adverse effects. Tre-loaded fatty acid vesicles were successfully developed and entirely characterised. The selected formulation was investigated for in vitro release, ex vivo skin retention and psoriasis efficacy studies. The characterisation results of Tre-FAV showed it has a globular shape with a particle size of 126.37 ± 1.290 nm (0.188 ± 0.019 PDI). The entrapment efficiency and zeta potential were discovered to be 84.26 ± 0.816% and -28.9 ± 1.92 mV, respectively. Encapsulation of the drug in the fatty acid vesicles was also strengthened by differential scanning calorimetric and powder FTIR diffraction studies. In vitro release results showed that Tre-FAV significantly increased skin absorption and retention in comparison to the Tre solution. The topical application of Tre-FAV to a mouse model confirmed that it has superior in vivo antipsoriatic properties in terms of well-demarcated papules, erythema and reduced epidermal thickness in comparison to other treatments. The weight of the spleen and the levels of the cytokines IL-17 and IL-6 decreased after treatment. In conclusion, FAV dramatically increased the water solubility and skin permeability of Tre and its anti-psoriasis activity.

Physicochemical properties of otic products for Canine Otitis Externa: comparative analysis of marketed products.

BACKGROUND: Otitis externa is a commonly diagnosed dermatological disorder in canines. The pathogens primarily involved in canine otitis externa (COE) include Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Malassezia pachydermatis. As COE tends to be superficial, medications delivered topically are often effective and practical in managing the condition. As such, there is a wide variety of approved topical products currently available in the market. The efficacy of topical dosage forms can be dependent on various factors such as the pharmacology of active constituents and the physicochemical properties of the formulation, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and bio-adhesion. Currently, there is a lack of published literature available on the optimal properties of topical COE products. In this study, we compared the physicochemical properties of nine commercially available otic veterinarian products in Australia used clinically to manage COE. RESULTS: Based on our comparative analysis, the pH (6.26 ± 0.04) of an aqueous-based product was similar to a healthy dog's external auditory canal. Products containing polymers exhibited higher viscosity and bio-adhesion. Spreadability was inversely related to viscosity and Osurnia ® a product with high viscosity demonstrated the lowest spreadability. Aqueous-based otic products showed better syringebility whereas oil-based systems required higher force to expel the products. Variability in droplet size was noted. Derm Otic, Baytril Otic, and Aurizon Ear Drops had the lower standard deviation which indicates they would give a more consistent dose. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this work provide considerations for industry researchers or formulation scientists working in the area of otic dosage formulations.

Topical gel containing Polysiloxanes and hyaluronic acid for skin scar: Formulation design, characterization, and In vivo activity.

BACKGROUND: Scar formation is undesirable both cosmetically and functionally. It shows that silicone gel is effective in preventing and improving scars formed due to a wound formation after injury. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates whether a silicone gel composition based on a novel concept of infusing a biologically active material such as hyaluronic acid and/or salts with various polysiloxane derivatives in a specific proportion to achieve desired viscosity range and their action has a synergistic beneficial effect on skin scar after injury. METHODS: We have developed a topical gel utilizing a combination of emulsifiers, sodium hyaluronate, polysiloxane, and its derivatives. The method of preparation comprises mixing of aqueous phase dispersion and polysiloxanes blend under stirring at room temperature. RESULTS: It results in the formation of a homogenous smooth gel formulation. The developed topical gel formulation was characterized for physicochemical properties, rheology, stability, and anti-scar activity in Wistar rats. It was found that the developed formulation system consists of desirable attributes for skin applications. In vivo investigation of developed polysiloxane gel formulation for anti-scar activity shown promising outcomes compared to marketed product (Kelo-cote scar gel). Furthermore, a histopathology study of healed skin tissues observed the formation of microscopic skin structures compared to the Kelo-cote scar gel. CONCLUSIONS: It indicates that the combination of polysiloxanes and sodium hyaluronate resulting an improvement in anti-scar activity compared to the marketed product containing polysiloxanes alone.

Amended Safety Assessment of Butyl Polyoxyalkylene Ethers as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 46 butyl polyoxyalkylene ethers that share a common structural motif, namely a butyl chain (4 carbon alkyl chain) bound to a polyoxyalkylene (PPG, PEG, or both); 23 of these ethers were previously reviewed by the Panel, and 23 are reviewed herein for the first time. Most of the butyl polyoxyalkylene ethers have several functions in cosmetics, but the most common reported functions include hair conditioning agent and skin conditioning agent, and many reportedly function as solvents. Upon review of new data, including frequency and concentration of use, and data from previous Panel reports and on read-across analogs, the Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics when formulated to be non-irritating.

Influence of Physical Dimension and Morphological-Dependent Antibacterial Characteristics of ZnO Nanoparticles Coated on Orthodontic NiTi Wires.

White spot lesions (WSLs) are one of the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatments. They are the primary sign of caries, which means inhibiting this process by antibacterial agents will reverse the procedure. The current study tested the surface modification of nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), as antimicrobial agents. As the morphology of NPs is one of the most critical factors for their properties, the antibacterial properties of different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures coated on the NiTi wire were investigated. For the preparation of ZnO nanostructures, five coating methods, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), chemical precipitation method, polymer composite coating, sol-gel synthesis, and electrospinning process, were used. The antibacterial activity of NPs was assessed against Streptococcus mutans by the colony counting method. The obtained results showed that all the samples had antibacterial effects. The antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs were significantly improved when the specific surface area of particles increased, by the ZnO nanocrystals prepared via the CVD coating method.

Implementation of design of experiments for optimization of forced degradation conditions and development of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for sepiwhite.

Sepiwhite is a novel anti-pigmenting agent that is derived from fatty acid and phenylalanine and used for hyperpigmentation induced by light exposure or inflammation. In this study, a simple and validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of sepiwhite was developed. Optimized forced degradation of sepiwhite at thermal, acid/base, photolysis, oxidative, and heavy metal ions conditions were evaluated and the effect of each of them on production of specific 10%-30% degradants was studied by the approach of design of experiments. Sepiwhite accelerated study was conducted and toxicity of sepiwhite at each condition was tested. An optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method was validated by a face-centered central composition design. Ten different degradants were identified from sepiwhite and degradation behavior under different conditions was studied. Sepiwhite and its degradant products show no cytotoxicity. This optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method can be applied for quality control assay and sepiwhite degradation behavior may be considered in the manufacturing of sepiwhite products.

Hollow polydopamine nanoparticles loading with peptide RL-QN15: a new pro-regenerative therapeutic agent for skin wounds.

BACKGROUND: Although the treatments of skin wounds have greatly improved with the increase in therapeutic methods and agents, available interventions still cannot meet the current clinical needs. Therefore, the development of new pro-regenerative therapies remains urgent. Owing to their unique characteristics, both nanomaterials and peptides have provided novel clues for the development of pro-regenerative agents, however, more efforts were still be awaited and anticipated. RESULTS: In the current research, Hollow polydopamine (HPDA) nanoparticles were synthesized and HPDA nanoparticles loading with RL-QN15 (HPDAlR) that was an amphibian-derived peptide with obvious prohealing activities were prepared successfully. The characterization, biodistribution and clearance of both HPDA nanoparticles and HPDAlR were evaluated, the loading efficiency of HPDA against RL-QN15 and the slow-releasing rate of RL-QN15 from HPDAlR were also determined. Our results showed that both HPDA nanoparticles and HPDAlR exerted no obvious toxicity against keratinocyte, macrophage and mice, and HPDA nanoparticles showed no prohealing potency in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, HPDAlR significantly enhanced the ability of RL-QN15 to accelerate the healing of scratch of keratinocytes and selectively modulate the release of healing-involved cytokines from macrophages. More importantly, in comparison with RL-QN15, by evaluating on animal models of full-thickness injured skin wounds in mice and oral ulcers in rats, HPDAlR showed significant increasing in the pro-regenerative potency of 50 and 10 times, respectively. Moreover, HPDAlR also enhanced the prohealing efficiency of peptide RL-QN15 against skin scald in mice and full-thickness injured wounds in swine. CONCLUSIONS: HPDA obviously enhanced the pro-regenerative potency of RL-QN15 in vitro and in vivo, hence HPDAlR exhibited great potential in the development of therapeutics for skin wound healing.

Mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles carrying peptide RL-QN15 show potential for skin wound therapy.

BACKGROUND: Skin wound healing remains a considerable clinical challenge, thus stressing the urgent need for the development of new interventions to promote repair. Recent researches indicate that both peptides and nanoparticles may be potential therapies for the treatment of skin wounds. METHODS: In the current study, the mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles were prepared and the peptide RL-QN15 that was previously identified from amphibian skin secretions and exhibited significant potential as a novel prohealing agent was successfully loaded onto the MPDA nanoparticles, which was confirmed by results of analysis of scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and sustained release rate of RL-QN15 from the nanocomposites were determined. The prohealing potency of nanocomposites were evaluated by full-thickness injured wounds in both mice and swine and burn wounds in mice. RESULTS: Our results indicated that, compared with RL-QN15 alone, the prohealing potency of nanocomposites of MPDA and RL-QN15 in the full-thickness injured wounds and burn wounds in mice was increased by up to 50 times through the slow release of RL-QN15. Moreover, the load on the MPDA obviously increased the prohealing activities of RL-QN15 in full-thickness injured wounds in swine. In addition, the obvious increase in the prohealing potency of nanocomposites of MPDA and RL-QN15 was also proved by the results from histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our knowledge, this is the first research to report that the load of MPDA nanoparticles could significantly increase the prohealing potency of peptide and hence highlighted the promising potential of MPDA nanoparticles-carrying peptide RL-QN15 for skin wound therapy.

Characterization of Tattoo Aftercare Products: Allergenic Ingredients and Marketing Claims.

BACKGROUND: Common recommendations for tattoo aftercare to ensure proper healing include application of topical products. Little is known about tattoo aftercare products. METHODS: Tattoo aftercare products were identified from a previous study and a search on Amazon.com using the phrase "tattoo aftercare." Duplicates and products without complete ingredient lists were excluded. Marketing claims were tabulated. All ingredients were entered in Excel and grouped according to Contact Allergen Management Program categories. Comparison of ingredients to North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) screening and American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) Core allergens was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 84 tattoo aftercare products from 52 distinct brands were found. Forty-eight distinctive market claims were identified; the use of "natural ingredient(s)" (42.9%) was most common. There were 4 to 28 ingredients per product (mean = 11.8 ± 5.5) with a total of 369 distinct ingredients listed. Products contained an average of 7.9 ± 3.9 ACDS Core allergens per product and 7.0 ± 3.7 NACDG allergens per product. Most common allergens included fragrance/botanicals (n = 529), vitamin E derivatives (n = 43), and vitamin B5 derivatives (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS: This review of 84 products found that tattoo aftercare products contain an average of 8 ACDS Core and 7 NACDG allergens. Clinicians should be aware of potential allergens in tattoo aftercare products.

Characterizing the nanomechanical properties of microcomedones after treatment with sodium salicylate ex vivo using atomic force microscopy.

OBJECTIVE: The treatment of acne presents a major clinical and dermatological challenge. Investigating the nanomechanical properties of the microcomedone precursor lesions using atomic force microscopy (AFM) may prove beneficial in understanding their softening, dissolution and prevention. Although the exact biochemical mechanism of NaSal on microcomedones is not fully understood at present, it appears to exhibit a significant exfoliation effect on the skin via corneodesmosome dissolution. METHODS: Therefore, to support this exploration, sodium salicylate (NaSal), a common ingredient employed in skin care products, is applied ex vivo to microcomedones,collected by nose strip adhesive tape, and their nanomechanical properties are assessed using AFM. Although the exact biochemical mechanism of NaSal on microcomedones is not fully understood at present, it appears to exhibit a significant exfoliation effect on the skin via corneodesmosome dissolution. RESULTS: Herein, our findings demonstrate that when microcomedones are treated with 2% NaSal, samples appeared significantly more compliant ('softer') ((1.3 ± 0.62) MPa) when compared to their pre-treated measurements ((7.2 ± 3.6) MPa; p = 0.038). Furthermore, elastic modulus maps showed that after 2% NaSal treatment, areas in the microcomedone appeared softer and swollen in some, but not in all areas, further proving the valuable impact of 2% NaSal solution in altering the biomechanical properties and morphologies in microcomedones. CONCLUSION: Our results are the first of their kind to provide qualitative and quantitative mechanobiological evidence that 2% NaSal decreases the elastic modulus of microcomedones. Therefore, this study provides evidence that NaSal can be beneficial as an active ingredient in topical treatments aimed at targeting microcomedones.

OBJECTIF: Le traitement de l'acné présente un défi clinique et dermatologique majeur. L'étude des propriétés nanomécaniques des lésions précurseurs en tant que microcomédons à l'aide de la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) peut s'avérer bénéfique pour comprendre leur ramollissement, leur dissolution et leur prévention. MÉTHODES: Par conséquent, pour soutenir cette exploration, le salicylate de sodium (NaSal), un ingrédient couramment utilisé dans les produits de soins de la peau, est appliqué ex vivo aux microcomédons et leurs propriétés nanomécaniques sont évaluées à l'aide de l'AFM. Bien que le mécanisme biochimique exact du NaSal sur les microcomédons ne soit pas entièrement compris à l'heure actuelle, il semble présenter un effet exfoliant significatif sur la peau via la dissolution des cornéodesmosomes. RÉSULTATS: Ici, nos résultats démontrent que lorsque les microcomédons sont traités avec 2% de NaSal, les échantillons semblaient significativement plus conformes ("plus doux") ((1.3 ± 0.62) MPa) par rapport à leurs mesures pré-traitées ((7.2 ± 3.6) MPa ; P = 0,03826). De plus, les cartes du module d'élasticité ont montré qu'après un traitement à 2 % de NaSal, les zones du microcomédon semblaient plus molles et gonflées dans certaines zones, mais pas dans toutes, prouvant ainsi l'impact précieux d'une solution de NaSal à 2 % dans la modification des propriétés biomécaniques et de la morphologie des microcomédons. CONCLUSION: Nos résultats sont les premiers du genre à fournir des preuves mécanobiologiques qualitatives et quantitatives que 2% de NaSal diminue le module d'élasticité des microcomédons. Par conséquent, cette étude fournit des preuves que NaSal peut être bénéfique en tant qu'ingrédient actif dans les traitements topiques visant à cibler les microcomédons.

Strategies to Develop a Suitable Formulation for Inflammatory Skin Disease Treatment.

Skin barrier functions, environmental insults, and genetic backgrounds are intricately linked and form the basis of common inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis, which may seriously affect one's quality of life. Topical therapy is usually the first line of management. It is believed that successful topical treatment requires pharmaceutical formulation from a sufficient dosage to exert therapeutic effects by penetrating the stratum corneum and then diffusing to the target area. However, many factors can affect this process including the physicochemical properties of the active compound, the composition of the formulation base, and the limitations and conditions of the skin barrier, especially in inflammatory skin. This article briefly reviews the available data on these issues and provides opinions on strategies to develop a suitable formulation for inflammatory skin disease treatment.

Epilobium angustifolium L. Extracts as Valuable Ingredients in Cosmetic and Dermatological Products.

Epilobium angustifolium L. is a popular and well-known medicinal plant. In this study, an attempt to evaluate the possibility of using this plant in preparations for the care and treatment of skin diseases was made. The antioxidant, antiaging and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extracts from Epilobium angustifolium (FEE) were assessed. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of extracts chemically composition was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total polyphenol content (TPC) of biologically active compounds, such as the total content of polyphenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and assimilation pigments, as well as selected phenolic acids, was assessed. FEE was evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antiaging properties, achieving 68% inhibition of lipoxygenase activity, 60% of collagenase and 49% of elastase. FEE also showed high antioxidant activity, reaching to 87% of free radical scavenging using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 59% using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Additionally, in vitro penetration studies were performed using two vehicles, i.e., a hydrogel and an emulsion containing FEE. These studies showed that the active ingredients contained in FEE penetrate through human skin and accumulate in it. The obtained results indicate that E. angustifolium may be an interesting plant material to be applied as a component of cosmetic and dermatological preparations with antiaging and anti-inflammatory properties.

ARTICLE: Advances in Oral Isotretinoin Therapy.

Since its approval in 1982, oral isotretinoin has revolutionized acne therapy. However, oral isotretinoin use has long been associated with challenges of variable bioavailability and food dependence. It is recommended to ingest oral isotretinoin with a high-fat meal in order to maximize absorption, but many patients fail to adhere to this recommendation. This may lead to inadequate isotretinoin absorption levels. Patients who fail to achieve isotretinoin target cumulative dose are more likely to experience symptom relapse. To address the challenge of traditional isotretinoin variable bioavailability, subsequent isotretinoin formulations have attempted to improve its absorption abilities. In 2014, an isotretinoin formulation utilizing Lidose technology, known as Absorica, showed significant improvements in absorption levels compared to traditional oral isotretinoin in the fasted state. In 2019, isotretinoin absorption levels were further advanced in a new formulation approved by the FDA known as Absorica LD. Utilizing advanced micronization technology that physically reduces the size of the drug molecule, Absorica LD exhibits twice the absorption levels of Absorica under fasting conditions. In the fed state, Absorica LD achieves similar plasma levels to Absorica with a 20 percent lower dose. Absorica LD also produces consistent serum isotretinoin levels irrespective of gastrointestinal contents. By eliminating the “food effect” seen in traditional oral isotretinoin, Absorica LD has the potential to improve patient adherence and long-term patient outcomes. J Drugs Dermatol. 20:5(Suppl):s5-11.

Hydrogel Films Based on Chitosan and Oxidized Carboxymethylcellulose Optimized for the Controlled Release of Curcumin with Applications in Treating Dermatological Conditions.

Cross-linked chitosan (CS) films with aldehyde groups obtained by oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with NaIO4 were prepared using different molar ratios between the CHO groups from oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCOx) and NH2 groups from CS (from 0.25:1 to 2:1). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated the aldehyde groups' presence in the CMCOx. The maximum oxidation degree was 22.9%. In the hydrogel, the amino groups' conversion index value increased when the -CHO/-NH2 molar ratio, cross-linking temperature, and time increased, while the swelling degree values decreased. The hydrogel films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR analysis. The curcumin encapsulation efficiency decreases from 56.74% to 16.88% when the cross-linking degree increases. The immobilized curcumin release efficiency (REf%) and skin membrane permeability were evaluated in vitro in two different pH solutions using a Franz diffusion cell, and it was found to decrease when the molar ratio -CH=O/NH2 increases. The curcumin REf% in the receptor compartment was higher at pH = 7.4 (18%- for the sample with a molar ratio of 0.25:1) than at pH = 5.5 (16.5%). The curcumin absorption in the skin membrane at pH = 5.5 (47%) was more intense than at pH = 7.4 (8.6%). The curcumin-loaded films' antioxidant activity was improved due to the CS presence.

Achillea Species as Sources of Active Phytochemicals for Dermatological and Cosmetic Applications.

Achillea spp. is well known for its broad range of applications and long history of use in traditional medicine around the world. Health benefits of Achillea extracts result from the multitude of secondary metabolites identified in the plants from this genus that include flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, guaianolides, phytosterols, fatty acids, and organic acids. The properties of several Achillea extracts meet also the expectations of a vividly developing cosmetic market. An increasing number of studies on the dermatological properties of Achillea spp. are observed in the recent years, with Achillea millefolium L. being the most studied and used representative of the genus. There is strong scientific evidence showing that also other yarrow species might be rich sources of effective cosmetic ingredients, with skin calming and rejuvenating properties, wound healing activity, and anti-inflammatory potential. Several Achillea extracts and isolated compounds were also shown to display significant tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and thus are interesting candidates for active ingredients of medications and cosmetic products protecting the skin from the harmful impact of environmental stressors. The aim of this review is to collect the current information on the composition and cosmeceutical significance of different Achillea species.

Screening of avocado oil nanoformulations intended to skin delivery / Análisis de nanoformulaciones de aceite de aguacate para aplicación cutánea

INTRODUCTION: vegetable ingredients are increasingly common in skin products. Avocado oil is an ingredient of natu¬ral sources with various properties on the skin. In this work, crude avocado oil-loaded nanocapsules were evaluated regarding its physicochemical stability to obtain a formulation of skin delivery with adequate quality: suitable physi¬cochemical stability, with low polydispersity and with a pH suitable for cutaneous application. METHOD: nanoparticle formulations with components variation were evaluated for 2 months. Nanoparticle formu¬lation considered the most stable was further evaluated for 6 months. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of crude avocado oil loaded in nanocapsules and standard avocado oil was also performed to detect any sign of oil oxidation. RESULTS: all formulations had negative zeta potential after 2 months of storage. pH values of nanoparticles remained stable throughout the test. Formulation with the lowest content of ingredients exhibited the highest stability after 2 months of storage. Nanoencapsulated avocado oil and crude avocado oil showed no evidence of oxidation. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous dispersions with the lowest content of ingredients presented the best physicochemical sta¬bility. Therefore, we have demonstrated preliminary the feasibility of developing avocado-oil loaded nanocapsules

INTRODUCCIÓN: los ingredientes vegetales son cada vez más comunes en los productos para la piel. El aceite de aguacate es un ingrediente de origen natural con varias propiedades en la piel. En este trabajo se evaluó la estabilidad físico-química de las nanocápsulas cargadas con aceite de aguacate crudo para obtener una formulación de aplicación cutánea con calidad adecuada: estabilidad físico química adecuada, con baja polidispersidad y con pH adecuado para aplicación cutánea. MÉTODO: formulaciones de nanocápsulas con variación en la composición de los ingredientes fueron evaluadas durante 2 meses. La formulación de nanocápsulas considerada más estable se evaluó por 6 meses. Además, la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de aguacate de las nanocápsulas y del aceite de aguacate estándar también fue evaluada para detectar cualquier signo de oxidación. RESULTADOS: todas las formulaciones han tenido potencial zeta negativo después de 2 meses de almacenamiento. Los valores de pH de las nanopartículas se mantuvieron estables durante toda la prueba. La formulación con el contenido más bajo de ingredientes exhibió la mayor estabilidad después de 2 meses de almacenamiento. El análisis de aceite de aguacate crudo y del aceite de aguacate nanoencapsulado no mostró evidencia de oxidación. CONCLUSIONES: la dispersión acuosa con el contenido más bajo de ingredientes presentó la mejor estabilidad fisicoquímica. Además, el aceite de aguacate no ha mostrado evidencia de oxidación. Por lo tanto, hemos demostrado preliminarmente la viabilidad de desarrollar nanocápsulas cargadas de aceite de aguacate

Cosmetic and Dermatological Properties of Selected Ayurvedic Plant Extracts.

Due to the constantly growing interest in ingredients of natural origin, this study attempts to evaluate the possibility of using extracts from three Ayurvedic plants in preparations for the care and treatment of skin diseases. Therefore, studies of antioxidant properties were carried out using DPPH and ABTS radicals, obtaining 76% and 88% of these radical scavenging, respectively. A significant decrease in the intracellular level of free radicals and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase by almost 60% were also observed. In addition, the extracts were assessed for anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, obtaining over 70% inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and almost 40% of collagenase. Additionally, the cytoprotective properties of the obtained extracts on skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, were demonstrated. To assess the content of biologically active compounds, HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analyses were performed. The obtained results show that all three analyzed plants are a valuable source of biologically active substances with desired properties in the context of skin cell protection. Particularly noteworthy is the extract of Epilobium angustifolium L., for which the most promising results were obtained.

Treatment Modalities of Psoriasis: A Focus on Requisite for Topical Nanocarrier.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease involving cascading release of cytokines activated by the innate and acquired immune system. The increasing prevalence rate of psoriasis demands for more appropriate therapy. The existing chemical moiety is promising for better therapeutic outcome, but the selection of a proper channel for administration has to be reviewed. Hence there is a need to select the most appropriate dosage form and route of administration for improving the curative rate of psoriasis. RESULTS: A total of 108 systematic reviews of research and review articles were conducted to make the manuscript comprehensible. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed for a better understanding of the selection of pharmacotherapy. The older and newer therapeutic moiety with its mode of administration for psoriasis treatment has been discussed. With a comparative review on topical and oral administration of first-line drugs such as methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine (CsA), and betamethasone, its benefits-liabilities in the selected routes were accounted for. Emphasis has also been paid on advanced nanocarriers for dermatologic applications. CONCLUSION: For a better therapeutic outcome, proper selection of drug moiety with its appropriate administration is the major requisite. With the advent of nanotechnology, the development of nanocarrier for dermatologic application has been successfully demonstrated in positioning the systemically administrated drug into topical targeted delivery. In a nutshell, to achieve successful treatment strategies towards psoriasis, there is a need to focus on the development of stable, non-toxic nanocarrier for topical delivery. Inclusion of the existing orally administered drug moiety into nanocarriers for topical delivery is proposed in order to enhance therapeutics payload with reduced side effects which serves as a better treatment approach for relief of the psoriasis condition.

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Extracts and their Bio-Physical and Biochemical Characterization for Cosmetic and Dermatologic Applications.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Nanoparticles are used in cosmetic and dermatologic products, due to better skin penetration properties. Incorporation of natural products exhibiting medicinal properties in nano-preparations could significantly improve the efficacy of these products and improve the quality of life without the side effects of synthetic formulations. METHODS: We here report the green synthesis of Copper Oxide nanoparticles, using Cucumber extract, and their detailed bio-physical and bio-chemical characterization. RESULTS: These Copper Oxide-Cucumber nanoparticles exhibit significant anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, Ultra Violet-radiation protection ability and reactive-oxygen species inhibition properties. Importantly, these nanoparticles do not exhibit significant cellular toxicity and, when incorporated in skin cream, exhibit skin rejuvenating properties. CONCLUSION: Our findings have implications for nanoparticle-based cosmetics and dermatologic applications.

Dermatological applications of the flavonoid phloretin.

Botanical molecules are known to have the ability to counteract ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. The interest in the development of natural compound-based products for the prevention of solar ultraviolet radiation-induced skin photoaging, melasma, and photocarcinogenesis has been increasing. Recently, the flavonoid phloretin has attracted the attention of researchers in the dermatological field for application in cosmetics and therapeutics. In addition to its antioxidant activity, phloretin has been shown to have properties such as anti-aging and depigmenting effects. In this study, we review the dermatological treatments with phloretin for conditions such as melasma, photoaging, acne, and melanoma. Phloretin has been shown to inhibit elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity, to reduce cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content, and induce apoptosis in B16 mouse melanoma 4A5 cells. An in vivo study showed that phloretin, applied topically to the dorsal skin of mice, suppressed the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced expression of COX-2, a critical molecular target of many chemopreventive, as well as anti-inflammatory agents. Phloretin can penetrate the skin; nevertheless, its penetration profile in different skin layers has not yet been evaluated. Despite its health benefits, phloretin application has been limited because of its photoinstability and poor aqueous solubility, among other limitations. Therefore, we reviewed the recent advances in pharmaceutical applications such as the use of nanotechnology, in order to improve the cutaneous availability of phloretin. In this review, we also focus on the oral application, product development challenges, and recent progress and future research directions on phloretin.