ABSTRACT
Capillary electrophoretic methods have been developed to separate the enantiomers of methylphenidate (MPH) and dextromoramide. For MPH separation was achieved with heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DMCD) as chiral selector in a 100 mM phosphoric acid buffer adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethanolamine. Commercial samples of D,L-erytho-MPH HCl and D,L-threo-MPH HCl were analysed using the method. There was no evidence of the presence of D,L-threo-MPH HCl in D,L-erytho-MPH HCl and vice versa. The ratio of the enantiomers was determined for each diastereoisomer. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was the chiral selector of choice for the chiral separation of the enantiomers of moramide. The separation which gave a resolution of about 3.5 was achieved in 4 min using only a 6 cm of length of capillary. In a sample of dextro-R-moramide tartrate only a small quantity (4.9% w/w) of levo-S-moramide was detected with this method.
Subject(s)
Dextromoramide/analysis , Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods , Methylphenidate/analysis , Buffers , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis was used to study the separation selectivity of positively charged drug substances and negatively charged diuretics. Study was made of the effects of organic solvent composition and the background electrolyte on the separation. The separation selectivity could be altered considerably by varying the methanol/acetonitrile composition. In addition, the migration order and the resolution of the pharmaceuticals could be altered merely by changing the electrolyte cation or the anion. The electrolytes tested were alkali metal acetates, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride and ammonium bromide. As with aqueous background electrolyte solutions, the electroosmotic flow was decreased with increasing size of the alkali metal cation of the electrolyte in methanol/acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v).
Subject(s)
Electrolytes/analysis , Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods , Acetates/analysis , Acetonitriles/analysis , Ammonium Chloride/analysis , Bromides/analysis , Dextromoramide/analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation , Ephedrine/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Levorphanol/analysis , Lithium Compounds/analysis , Methadone/analysis , Methanol/analysis , Morphine/analysis , Potassium Acetate/analysis , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds , Sodium Acetate/analysis , Time Factors , ViscosityABSTRACT
We are reporting on a case of polyintoxication by cocaine, lidocaine, methadone, and dextromoramide. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of a strand of hair. We note for the first time the detection of dextromoramide as well as lidocaine and desethyl-lidocaine in hair. Concentrations in hair were: cocaine = 2.4 ng/mg, benzoylecgonine = 0.3 ng/mg, methadone = 10.2 ng/mg, EDDP = 1.5 ng/mg, dextromoramide = 1.6 ng/mg, lidocaine = 115.9 ng/mg and desethyl-lidocaine = 1.6 ng/mg. The victim who was seeking an anesthesia effect without the loss of consciousness ingested cocktails during episodes of self mutilation. The wounds were of two different types and with different morphological locations: long and deep without ablation of tissue, clean lacerations found on the neck, the pectoral region, and the left upper extremity; either round or discoid with deep excavation found on the head (ears, forehead, chin, and lips) and also, on the neck and on the left upper extremity. Near the most recent wounds, needle marks were noticed indicating probable local infiltration of lidocaine.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Self Mutilation , Adult , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/analysis , Anesthetics, Local/analysis , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Autopsy , Chromatography, Gas , Cocaine/administration & dosage , Cocaine/analysis , Dextromoramide/administration & dosage , Dextromoramide/analysis , Drug Combinations , Forensic Medicine , Hair/chemistry , Humans , Lidocaine/analysis , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Male , Methadone/administration & dosage , Methadone/analysis , Substance Abuse Detection , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
By providing information on exposure to drugs over time, hair analysis is useful in verifying the history of drug use. In a clinical case, where drug abuse was denied, it was possible to identify dextromoramide in the hair of the subject. After acid hydrolysis of the hair with 0.1 M HCl, in the presence of SKF 525A as an internal standard, the drug was extracted at pH 8.4 with chloroform-isopropanol-n-heptane (50:17:33 v/v) and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The hair strands were cut into 3 sections of 2.5 cm, corresponding to a growth period of 2 months. Concentrations were 1.09, 1.93 and 1.48 ng/mg from the root to the end, respectively. This is the first report on dextromoramide testing in human hair.
Subject(s)
Dextromoramide/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hair/chemistry , Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance Abuse Detection , Dextromoramide/pharmacokinetics , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/metabolism , Hair/metabolism , Heroin Dependence/diagnosis , Heroin Dependence/metabolism , Humans , Male , Opioid-Related Disorders/metabolism , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/diagnosis , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/metabolismABSTRACT
A 38-year-old man was found in his car suffering from a heart attack. Serum analysis by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of dextromoramide (Palfium), methadone, and lidocaine. The serum concentrations at admission to the hospital were: 1.9 micrograms/mL of dextromoramide, 0.4 micrograms/mL of methadone, and 0.4 micrograms/mL of lidocaine. A serum alcohol analysis performed using headspace gas chromatography was negative.
