Influencia de la lactancia materna en los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento / Influence of maternal breastfeeding in the physiologic diastema of growth

RESUMEN Introducción: el amamantamiento ha sido la primera forma de alimentación del género humano. Es indiscutible la repercusión de este acto en el desarrollo integral del niño, y el aparato estomatognático no está ajeno a este influjo. Objetivo: identificar el período de lactancia materna y su repercusión en la presencia de los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, se examinaron los 156 niños, de 2 a 5 años de edad, pertenecientes al círculo infantil "Días de Infancia", del área de salud Playa, en el período febrero 2007-febrero 2008. Los datos obtenidos del examen clínico se reflejaron en un formulario confeccionado al efecto. Variables: período de lactancia materna, espacios fisiológicos de crecimiento, espacios de primate. Los datos fueron procesados en tablas y gráficos. Se emplearon análisis estadísticos. Resultados: el 56,4 % de los niños recibieron lactancia por un período menor de 6 meses. El 15.9 % de los que fueron amamantados por un período menor de 6 meses no presentaban estos espacios. Cuando aumentó el periodo de amamantamiento por más de seis meses, la ausencia de espacios disminuyó y solo se evidenció en el 9.0 % de ellos. El 60.6 % reveló la presencia de todos los espacios. El 1.3 % de los niños no recibieron lactancia materna y, sin embargo, si presentaron todos los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento. Conclusiones: se determinó que la mayoría de los niños fueron amamantados por un período de 6 meses o menos. Los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento estuvieron más representados cuando la lactancia se prolongó por más de 6 meses (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: breastfeeding has been the first feeding form of the humankind. The repercussion of this act is undeniable in the comprehensive development of the child, and the stomatognathic system does not escape to this influence. Objective: to identify the period of maternal breastfeeding and its repercussion on the physiologic diastema of growth. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 156 children aged 2-5 years, assisting the day care center "Dias de Infancia", health area Playa, in the period February 2007-February 2008. Data obtained in the clinical examination were shown in a form elaborated for that. The studied variables were maternal breastfeeding period, physiological spaces of growth, primate spaces. Data were processed in tables and graphics. Statistical analyses were used. Results: 56.4 % of the children were breastfed for less than six months. 15.9 % of those who were breastfed for less than six month did not present these spaces. When the breastfeeding period increased for more than six months, the absence of spaces decreased and was evidenced in only 9.0 % of them. 60.6 % showed the presence of all the spaces. 1.3 % of the children were not breastfed, and nevertheless they did show all the physiological diastemata of growth. Conclusions: it was found that most of the children were breastfed for a period of six months or less. Physiological diastemata of growth were more represented when breastfeeding lasted more than six months (AU).

Influencia de la lactancia materna en los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento / Influence of maternal breastfeeding in the physiologic diastema of growth

RESUMEN Introducción: el amamantamiento ha sido la primera forma de alimentación del género humano. Es indiscutible la repercusión de este acto en el desarrollo integral del niño, y el aparato estomatognático no está ajeno a este influjo. Objetivo: identificar el período de lactancia materna y su repercusión en la presencia de los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, se examinaron los 156 niños, de 2 a 5 años de edad, pertenecientes al círculo infantil "Días de Infancia", del área de salud Playa, en el período febrero 2007-febrero 2008. Los datos obtenidos del examen clínico se reflejaron en un formulario confeccionado al efecto. Variables: período de lactancia materna, espacios fisiológicos de crecimiento, espacios de primate. Los datos fueron procesados en tablas y gráficos. Se emplearon análisis estadísticos. Resultados: el 56,4 % de los niños recibieron lactancia por un período menor de 6 meses. El 15.9 % de los que fueron amamantados por un período menor de 6 meses no presentaban estos espacios. Cuando aumentó el periodo de amamantamiento por más de seis meses, la ausencia de espacios disminuyó y solo se evidenció en el 9.0 % de ellos. El 60.6 % reveló la presencia de todos los espacios. El 1.3 % de los niños no recibieron lactancia materna y, sin embargo, si presentaron todos los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento. Conclusiones: se determinó que la mayoría de los niños fueron amamantados por un período de 6 meses o menos. Los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento estuvieron más representados cuando la lactancia se prolongó por más de 6 meses (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: breastfeeding has been the first feeding form of the humankind. The repercussion of this act is undeniable in the comprehensive development of the child, and the stomatognathic system does not escape to this influence. Objective: to identify the period of maternal breastfeeding and its repercussion on the physiologic diastema of growth. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 156 children aged 2-5 years, assisting the day care center "Dias de Infancia", health area Playa, in the period February 2007-February 2008. Data obtained in the clinical examination were shown in a form elaborated for that. The studied variables were maternal breastfeeding period, physiological spaces of growth, primate spaces. Data were processed in tables and graphics. Statistical analyses were used. Results: 56.4 % of the children were breastfed for less than six months. 15.9 % of those who were breastfed for less than six month did not present these spaces. When the breastfeeding period increased for more than six months, the absence of spaces decreased and was evidenced in only 9.0 % of them. 60.6 % showed the presence of all the spaces. 1.3 % of the children were not breastfed, and nevertheless they did show all the physiological diastemata of growth. Conclusions: it was found that most of the children were breastfed for a period of six months or less. Physiological diastemata of growth were more represented when breastfeeding lasted more than six months (AU).

Width of dental arches in patients with maxillary midline diastema.

BACKGROUND: The aims of the study were as follows: (1) to examine the width of the dental arches of patients with maxillary midline diastema and compare it with control group; (2) to investigate the impact of the width of upper dental arch on the width of diastema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnostic orthodontic plaster models of 102 patients with permanent dentition were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: study group with diastema and control group without diastema. Patients with severe malocclusion, craniofacial diseases, hypodontia and microdontia and pa-tients with periodontal disease were excluded. The transpalatal width of palate, premolar and molar arch widths in Pont's points of upper and lower jaw were measured using digital calliper. The results were statistically analysed. RESULTS: Analysis showed a significant correlation between presence of diastema and premolar and molar width of the dental arches for both upper and lower jaw. Studied widths were larger in patients with diastema compared to the group without diastema. Analysis of the transpalatal width showed statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group. Analysis of widths of diastema and transpalatal widths showed that there was not statistically sig-nificant correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diastema had increased in size in both the premolar and molar width of the dental arches. Increase the width affect to both upper and lower dental arch. Patients with diastema also were characterised by often occurrence of normal or increased of the transpalatal width but the width of the diastema did not correlate with the width of the palate. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 340-344).

Does the maxillary midline diastema close after frenectomy?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the closure, persistence or reopening of the maxillary midline diastema after frenectomy in patients with and without subsequent orthodontic treatment. METHOD AND MATERIALS: All patients undergoing frenectomy with a CO2 laser were included in this retrospective study during the period of September 2002 to June 2011. Age and sex, the dimension of the diastema, eruption status of the maxillary canines, and the presence of an orthodontic treatment were recorded at the day of frenectomy and during follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 31 (52.5%) had an active orthodontic therapy, while 27 (45.8%) had a frenectomy without orthodontic treatment. For one patient, information concerning orthodontic treatment was not available. In the first follow-up (2 to 12 weeks), only four diastemas closed after frenectomy and orthodontic treatment, and none after frenectomy alone. In the second follow-up (4 to 19 months), statistically significantly (P = .002) more diastemas (n = 20) closed with frenectomy and orthodontic treatment than with frenectomy alone (n = 3). At the long-term (21 to 121 months) follow-up, only four patients had a persisting diastema, and in three patients orthodontic treatment was ongoing. CONCLUSION: Closure of the maxillary midline diastema with a prominent frenum is more predictable with frenectomy and concomitant orthodontic treatment than with frenectomy alone. This study demonstrates the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to treat maxillary midline diastemas, ideally including general practitioners, oral surgeons, periodontists, and orthodontists.

Mesenchyme is responsible for tooth suppression in the mouse lower diastema.

Between the incisor and molars in each dental quadrant, mice have a toothless gap (diastema) that may contain vestigial tooth primordia. It is still not clear whether suppression of odontogenesis in the mouse lower diastema can be attributed to epithelium, mesenchyme, or both. Therefore, using recombination experiments with mouse tissues from E11.5 and E13.5 stages, we investigated whether the epithelium or mesenchyme is responsible for the suppression of odontogenesis. Five groups of recombinants were established and cultured under mouse kidney capsules. The results demonstrated that at E11.5, the lower diastemal epithelium and mesenchyme possessed odontogenic potential and competence, respectively; at E13.5, both the lower diastemal epithelium and mesenchyme had odontogenic competence, while the lower diastemal mesenchyme did not possess odontogenic potential. On the basis of comparison of the odontogenic capabilities between the lower diastemal and molar tooth primordia, we conclude that mesenchyme is responsible for tooth regression in the mouse lower diastema.

Pressure on anterior region of palate during thumb-sucking.

Measurement of the pressure applied to the anterior region of the palate and incisor region of the mandible during thumb-sucking was carried out 3 female children. A polyethylene bag embedded with a high-sensitivity small pressure sensor was fixed on the ventral side of the thumb so that the baroreceptor could be interposed between the thumb and palate during thumb-sucking. The children were allowed to perform habitual thumb-sucking, and the resulting pressure signals were detected with a high-response dynamic strainmeter and recorded. Measured peak pressures were about 2-4.5 kgw, with large individual variation, and waveform patterns also varied. Characteristics of thumb-sucking habits and thumb-sucking pressure were related to malocclusion. Measurement of thumb-sucking pressure is believed to be effective for assessment of the qualitative relationship between thumb-sucking and malocclusion.

Importancia de la lactancia materna en el desarrollo de la oclusión / Importance of breastfeeding in occlusal developement

El ambiente funcional puede alterar el esqueleto craneofacial en crecimiento, ejerciendo también una acción sobre el desarrollo oclusal. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre el tipo y duración de la lactancia y la presencia de maloclusiones en dentición temporari, en niños de 5 años de edad, pertenecientes a una muestra representativa de CLACYD (Córdoba, Lactancia, Alimentación, Crecimiento y Desarrollo). Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS/PC 4.0. Se evaluaron las diferencias en la distribución de las categorías de las variables utilizando la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, considerándose una diferencias estadísticamente significativa p<0.05. Los resultados obtenidos se expresaron en proporciones con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento. En los niñoa alimentados con lactancia artificial (L.A.) el porcentaje de maloclusión (46.7 por ciento) fue mayor que en los alimentados con lactancia materna (L.M.). Con respecto a los distintos tipos de maloclusiones, en los niños con L.A. la más frecuente fue la mordida cruzada lateral (16.9 por ciento) siguiéndole la mordida abierta en un 14 por ciento, revelándose además que en los niños alimentados con L.M. la más prevalente fue la sobremordida 25.3 por ciento (AU)

Importancia de la lactancia materna en el desarrollo de la oclusión / Importance of breastfeeding in occlusal developement

El ambiente funcional puede alterar el esqueleto craneofacial en crecimiento, ejerciendo también una acción sobre el desarrollo oclusal. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre el tipo y duración de la lactancia y la presencia de maloclusiones en dentición temporari, en niños de 5 años de edad, pertenecientes a una muestra representativa de CLACYD (Córdoba, Lactancia, Alimentación, Crecimiento y Desarrollo). Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS/PC 4.0. Se evaluaron las diferencias en la distribución de las categorías de las variables utilizando la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, considerándose una diferencias estadísticamente significativa p<0.05. Los resultados obtenidos se expresaron en proporciones con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento. En los niñoa alimentados con lactancia artificial (L.A.) el porcentaje de maloclusión (46.7 por ciento) fue mayor que en los alimentados con lactancia materna (L.M.). Con respecto a los distintos tipos de maloclusiones, en los niños con L.A. la más frecuente fue la mordida cruzada lateral (16.9 por ciento) siguiéndole la mordida abierta en un 14 por ciento, revelándose además que en los niños alimentados con L.M. la más prevalente fue la sobremordida 25.3 por ciento (AU)

DIASTEMA INTERINCISIVO CENTRAL SUPERIOR

La práctica de la Odontología debe estar siempre en manos del profesional odontólogo y que él por lo tanto debe ser capaz de brindar ese servicio, conocer la presencia del hueso premaxilar y la influencia de la sutura en la línea media como nueva causa para la presencia del diastema interincisivo central superior, prvocando un espacio antómico entre dos dientes vecinos que impide el apoyo coronario mesiodistal, cuando éstos se encuentran correctamente erupcionados y alineados formando el sector anterior del arco dentario. Lo que ha permitido precisar, como tema actual y necesario a investigar: "EL DIASTEMA INTERINCISIVO CENTRAL SUPERIOR". Sobre la base temática se determinó el siguiente: PROBLEMA: Cómo influye la fusión imperfecta en línea media de los maxilares en la etiología del diastema interincisivo central superior? OBJETO DE ESTUDIO: El sector alveolar anterior de los huesos maxilares superiores. OBJETIVO: Demostrar la presencia de fusión imperfecta en la línea media de los maxilares superiores como causa etiológica del diastema interincisivo central superior

Biometric analysis of the dental casts of Maasai following traditional extraction of mandibular permanent central incisors and of Kikuyu children.

Dental plaster casts of 93 Maasai and 79 Kikuyu children age 12-15 years were analysed. Four biometric measurements were taken of the maxillary and mandibular casts: intercanine distance (C-C), inter-molar distance (M-M), canine arch circumference (C-C ACirc.), and molar arch circumference (M-M ACirc.). Incisor space (IS) was also measured in the mandibular casts. The mean values of all measurements except (M-M) in the mandibular casts were significantly reduced in the Maasai who had permanent central incisors extracted compared to the non-extracted Maasai and the Kikuyu. The mean incisor space in the Maasai with extractions was 6.3 mm compared to 11.7 mm in the non-extracted Maasai group. The extent of reduction of IS, C-C, C-C ACirc. and M-M ACirc. following extractions of the incisors may depend on the mesial drift of lateral incisors, jaw growth and soft tissue influence. The position of the tongue and occlusal relationship of the molars may prevent bucco-lingual movements maintaining a constant M-M. There was no significant difference in the mandibular cast dimensions of the non-extracted Maasai and the Kikuyu. Analysis of the maxillary cast dimensions of the Maasai with extraction, non-extracted Maasai and Kikuyu showed no significant differences suggesting that the extraction of mandibular incisors has no effect on maxillary arch dimensions. The variability in growth of the dento-alveolar complex itself may explain why the dental arch dimensions are similar in the Maasai and Kikuyu despite ethnic differences. There was no significant difference between the male and female dental arch dimensions.

Finite element analysis of the stress-concentrating effect of fraenal notches in complete dentures.

Based on clinical experience and empiricism, it was postulated that fraenal notches and midline diastemas lead to fracture of complete dentures. This study used finite element stress analysis to investigate the stress-concentrating effect of a fraenal notch with and without a midline diastema. It was found that a large fraenal notch resulted in high stress levels and that these stresses were augmented more by a narrow median diastema than its wider counterpart.

Effect of oral screen treatment on dentition, lip morphology, and function in children with incompetent lips.

The effect of treatment with an oral screen was studied in sixteen children with incompetent lips who were compared with a control group of sixteen children who also had incompetent lips. The period of observation was 1 year. The treatment brought about retroclination of proclined maxillary incisors with a resulting decrease in overjet, in the diastema between the incisors, and in arch length. The mandibular incisors proclined somewhat. No change in general intermaxillary relation or in arch width was observed with the treatment. Neither lip morphology nor the electromyographically recorded function of the lips was affected by the treatment. The maximum force that the lips could exert to resist an external force was increased substantially by the treatment. Whether this is of value for the stability of the orthodontic treatment result is not known.