[Is the renal excretion of orally applied diatrizoate (Gastrografin) a reliable marker of gastrointestinal perforation or dehiscence of a gastrointestinal anastomosis?]. / Renale Diatrizoatexkretion (Gastrografin) als diagnostisch verwertbarer Hinweis auf ösophagogastrointestinale Nahtdehiszenzen und Perforationen?

PURPOSE: Renal excretion of orally or rectally applied Gastrografin is reported to be a reliable indicator of a perforation or a postoperative anastomotic dehiscence of the GI-tract. The study was conducted to determine whether increased attenuation of the urine measured by CT after oral or rectal application of Gastrografin can give reliable evidence of any leakage from the gastrointestinal tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine samples of 33 patients, who underwent a Gastrografin-enhanced fluoroscopic examination of the esophagus or the GI-tract for different clinical reasons, were examined by CT. The samples had been taken immediately before and 60 to 90 minutes after application of 100 ml Gastrografin. The results were compared with those of 5 healthy volunteers, who took urine samples before, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after drinking 100 ml of Gastrografin. RESULTS: Maximal attenuation of the volunteers' urine samples was achieved 60 to 90 minutes after Gastrografin application with a mean of 50 Hounsfield units (HU), SD = 17 HU. The urine of three patients with radiologically proven fistula or dehiscence of a GI-tract anastomosis had no relevant increase in attenuation. Three other cases without any clinical or radiological evidence of an anastomotic leak had a substantial increase in the attenuation of the urine probes (87, 110, and 290 HU, respectively). CONCLUSION: The CT-measured urine samples as evidence of renal excretion of orally or rectally applied Gastrografin are not reliable for the detection of leaks from the GI-tract.

Urinary excretion of orally ingested gastrografin on CT.

Renal excretion of orally ingested gastrografin has rarely been reported on computed tomography (CT). We studied the unenhanced scans of 82 patients with bowel disorders or perforation to assess the prevalence of urinary contrast material (CM) in various bowel diseases. We also assessed the clinical significance of this sign. In addition, we reviewed the unenhanced CT scans of 100 randomly selected patients without bowel diseases as a control group. Twenty-nine of the 58 patients with bowel diseases, six of nine with free perforation, and one of 15 with covered perforation had CM in the urinary tract. None of the 100 without bowel disease showed urinary CM. Statistical analysis was done by using the Fisher's exact test. The prevalence of urinary CM was highest in inflammatory bowel disease, radiation enteritis, and free perforation (p < 0. 0001). This study shows that the CT finding of orally ingested gastrografin in the urinary tract differentiates patients with bowel disease from those without.

Renal excretion of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography injected contrast. A common phenomenon.

The renal excretion of contrast injected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been described as an uncommon event. Patients with this phenomenon have been considered at increased risk of acute pancreatitis, but idiosyncratic reactions from this intravascular contrast have been discounted as nonexistent. Thirteen patients underwent noncontrast abdominal computed tomography (CT) before ERCP and noncontrast CT plus abdominal radiography immediately after ERCP. Renal excretion of ERCP-injected contrast was seen in two patients on abdominal films and in nine patients by CT. All patients had normal renal function and none developed clinical pancreatitis. Renal excretion of ERCP-injected contrast is much more common than previously suspected. Iodine allergy and possible reaction should be considered when performing this procedure.

[Method of determining kidney tubular secretion with verografin in rats in chronic trials]. / Sposob opredeleniia kanal'tsevoi sekretsii pochek po verografinu u krys v khronicheskikh opytakh.

A simple method for evaluation of the renal tubular excretion in rats by verografin after a single intraperitoneal injection in combination with inulin is proposed.

"Upside-down" contrast-urine level in glycosuria: CT features.

Contrast-urine levels are often encountered in CT of the urinary bladder. Opacified urine occupies the dependent portion of the bladder, while unopacified urine layers above it. We report a case in which this relationship was reversed. An explanation of this phenomenon is proposed.

Iosulamide: human tolerance study of a new intravenous cholangiographic drug.

A simple dose-ranging human tolerance study of an experimental intravenous cholangiographic agent (iosulamide) was performed. Doses from 10-40 ml were infused in normal, healthy male volunteers. Bile duct opacification appeared adequate at 30-40 ml doses. With higher doses, a large percentage of the drug was excreted in the urine. Forty percent of the subjects manifested symptoms of minimal or mild contrast reactions.

Excretion of sodium and methylglucamine diatrizoate after longtime unilateral ureteric stasis in the rabbit.

The excretion of sodium and meglumine diatrizoate was examined following one or two weeks of unilateral ureteric occlusion. No difference between the two diatrizoate salts was found. A slow compensatory increase of the function of the intact kidney occurred, but after two weeks it was still insufficient at high blood concentration levels.

[The pharmaco-kinetics of angiographic contrast media with special reference to the extravascular space. Experimental studies on dogs. III. Is there an entero-hepatic circulation of angiographic contrast media? A discussion summarising the results of the entire studies (author's transl)]. / Pharmakokinetik angiographischer Kontrastmittel unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des extravasalen Raumes. Eine experimentelle Grundlagenstudie an Hunden zur Charakterisierung der Angiographica. III. Mitteilung: Gibt es einen enterohepatischen Kreislauf angiographischer Kontrasmittel?--Zusammenfassende Diskussion der Ergebnisse aller Versuchsreihen

The presence of an entero hepatic circulation of angiographic contrast media has been demonstrated, but quantitatively it is of little importance. About 1/2% of the contrast reaching the gut in the bile is reabsorbed and after being carried through the portal vein to the liver is re-excreted in the bile. Most of the contrastcontaining bile reaching the small bowel is excreted in the faeces; nearly all of the contrast absorbed from the colon is carried through the portal vein to the liver and after reaching the circulation is excreted by the kidneys.