ABSTRACT
Trachoma and Guinea Worm Disease (GWD) are neglected tropical diseases (NTD) slated for elimination as a public health problem and eradication respectively by the World Health Organization. As these programs wind down, uncovering the last cases becomes an urgent priority. In 2010, Ghana Health Services, along with The Carter Center, Sightsavers, and other partners, conducted integrated case searches for both GWD and the last stage of trachoma disease, trachomatous trichiasis (TT), as well as providing surgical treatment for TT to meet elimination (and eradication targets). House to house case searches for both diseases were conducted and two case management strategies were explored: a centralized referral to services method and a Point of Care (POC) delivery method. 835 suspected TT cases were discovered in the centralized method, of which 554 accepted surgery. 482 suspected TT cases were discovered in the POC method and all TT cases accepted surgery. The cost per TT case examined was lower in the POC searches compared to the centralized searches ($19.97 in the POC searches and $20.85 in the centralized searches). Both strategies resulted in high surgical uptake for TT surgery, with average uptakes of 72.4% and 83.9% for the centralized and POC searches respectively. We present here that house to house case searches offering services at POC are feasible and a potential tool for elimination and eradication programs nearing their end.
Subject(s)
Dracunculiasis/epidemiology , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Trachoma/epidemiology , Trichiasis/epidemiology , Case Management , Centralized Hospital Services , Disease Eradication , Dracunculiasis/microbiology , Dracunculiasis/prevention & control , Epidemiologic Studies , Female , Ghana/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Neglected Diseases/microbiology , Neglected Diseases/prevention & control , Point-of-Care Systems , Prevalence , Public Health , Referral and Consultation , Trachoma/microbiology , Trachoma/prevention & control , Trichiasis/microbiology , Trichiasis/prevention & control , Tropical Medicine , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
The effectiveness of trichlorophenol (TCP), chlorhexidine gluconate plus cetrimide (Savlon) and Izal in inhibiting the growth of bacterial isolates from guinea worm ulcers was investigated. Using an adaptation of the method of Russell and Furr (Russell, A.D., Furr, J.R., 1977. The antibacterial activity of a new chloroxylenol preparation containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 43, 253-260) the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the three anti-microbial agents for each of the isolated bacteria was determined. Water drawn from the rural guinea worm endemic sites was autoclaved and used for the various dilutions of the anti-microbial agents. At the manufactures' recommended use-dilutions in cases of wounds/cuts/sores, Savlon showed greater effectiveness than Izal and TCP in this order. Probable organic and inorganic inhibitors in water that is usually employed in diluting anti-microbial agents in the rural areas for the dressing of guinea worm ulcers very likely had greatest effect(s) on TCP and least effect(s) on Savlon.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Cetrimonium Compounds/therapeutic use , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Disinfectants/therapeutic use , Dracunculiasis/drug therapy , Dracunculus Nematode , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Cetrimonium Compounds/pharmacology , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Disinfectants/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dracunculiasis/microbiology , Drug Combinations , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Rural Health , Ulcer/microbiologyABSTRACT
In the course of a study to determine the nature and type of secondary bacterial infection in dracunculiasis. The most common organisms cultured from lesions were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli and Enterobacter which were found to carry high morbidity were sensitive to Gentamycin, Claforan and Septrin.
