ABSTRACT
Our research aims to assess the prevalence of alveolar osteitis (AO) following impacted mandibular third molar extractions and investigate the impact of potential moderating factors on this occurrence. Two independent reviewers conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search across Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The pooled prevalence, accompanied by 95 % confidence intervals (CI), was calculated. Quality assessments, outlier and influential analyses were performed. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were conducted in order the effect of categorical and continuous variables on the estimated prevalence to be investigated. Our meta-analysis included twenty-eight eligible studies, encompassing a total of 41,859 impacted mandibular third molar extractions. The overall prevalence of dry socket (DS) following impacted mandibular third molar extractions was estimated at 6.7 % (95 % CI 4.6-9.1 %), indicating considerable heterogeneity among the studies. No study was identified as critically influential, and meta-regression analysis did not pinpoint any potential sources of heterogeneity. This study highlights the imperative for future well-constructed prospective and retrospective investigations to deepen our understanding of the etiological nuances and refine management approaches for this prevalent postoperative complication.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket , Mandible , Molar, Third , Postoperative Complications , Tooth Extraction , Tooth, Impacted , Humans , Molar, Third/surgery , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Tooth Extraction/statistics & numerical data , Tooth, Impacted/surgery , Tooth, Impacted/epidemiology , Prevalence , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Dry Socket/etiology , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Mandible/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/etiologyABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a mixture of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa in treating dry socket and use as a substitute for alvogyl. Patients and method: 52 randomly selected patients with dry socket confirmed clinically by diagnosis, divided into 2 groups, each group containing 26 patient group A treated by admix, and group B treated by alvogyl, clinical features were recorded on the first, second, and third days after treatment. Results: Visual Analog Scale of pain showed a high score on day one but decreased significantly at 2 and 3 days in both groups. But there were no significant differences in pain scores between the two groups on day 1, day 2, or day 3 separately. The two groups revealed identical mean rank scores of pain during the whole study period. Conclusions: A mixture of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa showed a significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of dry socket and can be used as a substitute for alvogyl. (AU)
Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de una mezcla de Salvadoria persica y Nigella sativa en el tratamiento de la alveolitis seca y su uso como sustituto del alvogyl. Pacientes y método: 52 pacientes seleccionados al azar con alveolitis seca confirmada clínicamente por diagnóstico, divididos en 2 grupos, cada grupo con 26 pacientes del grupo A tratado con admix y del grupo B tratado con alvogyl. Las características clínicas se registraron al primer, segundo y tercer día después del tratamiento. Resultados: La escala analógica visual del dolor mostró una puntuación alta el primer día, pero disminuyó significativamente a los 2 y 3 días en ambos grupos. No hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de dolor entre los 2 grupos los días 1, 2 y 3 por separado. Los dos grupos revelaron las mismas puntuaciones medias de rango de dolor durante todo el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Una mezcla de Salvadoria persica y Nigella sativa mostró un efecto analgésico y antinflamatorio significativo en el tratamiento de la alveolitis seca y puede utilizarse como sustituto del alvogyl. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dry Socket/drug therapy , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Nigella , Analgesics , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalABSTRACT
Alveolar osteitis (AO) is an extremely distressing outcome following extraction of a tooth. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood due to varied nature of presentation of the condition. However, a delay in the healing process of bone due to fibrinolysis is believed to be the underlying pathophysiology. This review highlights three major risk factors - trauma, bacterial accumulation due to poor oral hygiene, and smoking - in causing alveolar osteitis, and describes underlying related molecular events. Fibrinolysis results due to traumatic tooth extraction as well as due to accumulation of certain microorganisms which leads to the development of alveolar osteitis. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) and osteocalcin (OCN) can be used as molecular markers for evaluating alveolar osteitis. Assessment assays of such biomarkers can lead to a better understanding of the pathological process in providing a clearer picture to researchers and clinicians.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket , Tooth , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/etiology , Humans , Risk Factors , Tooth Extraction , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Alveolar osteitis (AO) or dry socket after dental extractions is a common postoperative complication characterized by the presence of severe pain associated with an empty socket. Although some authors consider AO to be related to an alteration of the blood clot, the underlying etiology remains unclear, and recent reports suggest that bacteria might play an important role. A systematic review was made, compiling relevant references from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and the Web of Science databases to determine which bacteria have been identified in AO sockets after dental extractions. Papers published between 1980-2019, identifying the bacteria present in AO sockets after tooth extractions, were included. Data were displayed in tables, and a descriptive analysis was carried out. After the screening process, four papers were analyzed, comprising a total of 138 samples from 138 patients with AO. The most commonly detected bacteria were Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Peptostreptococcus. Two studies also showed the microbiota of patients that developed AO after dental extractions to be apparently different from that of patients without postoperative complications. These results indicate that bacteria may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AO, though further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket , Microbiota , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Dry Socket/etiology , Humans , Molar, Third , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Tooth Extraction/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the relative incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) after mandibular third molar surgery, post-operative findings and local expression of bone markers and cytokines. STUDY DESIGN: In 445 patients, unilateral surgical third molars extractions were undertaken (584 teeth). Bone markers and cytokines were explored at the AO side and on the un-operated contralateral side and compared with the levels in samples from a control group of 18 persons without AO. RESULTS: The relative incidence of AO was 4.6%. Patients (n = 27) with AO were invited to participate in the study and 21 (77.8%) did so. Patients with AO had 1-4 extra visits for treatment of AO, the mean follow-up time was 2.6 days for all patients. There were significantly higher levels of bone markers and cytokines in the AO site compared with the un-operated contralateral site, except for Epidermal growth factor (EGF). No significant difference in expression of bone markers and cytokines between the AO and control groups was found. Lower maximum inter-incisor opening (MIO) was correlated with increased Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. A negative correlation between patients' complaint of trismus and MIO was seen. CONCLUSIONS: The relative incidence of AO was low in our patient group treated with surgical removal of third molars. AO was more frequently seen in female patients. Treatment of AO required up to four extra visits. The study provides some information on the role of cytokines in AO; but further studies are required.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket , Tooth, Impacted , Cytokines , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Dry Socket/etiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Mandible , Molar, Third/surgery , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Tooth, Impacted/epidemiology , Tooth, Impacted/surgeryABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: la alveolitis dentaria es una complicación pos-textracción dental, local, dolorosa y reversible del alveolo. Objetivo: caracterizar la alveolitis dental en pacientes adultos del Policlínico "René Bedia Morales", perteneciente al municipio Boyeros. Mareriales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Policlínico "René Bedia Morales", municipio Boyeros, provincia La Habana, en el periodo comprendido de septiembre de 2016 a septiembre de 2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 250 pacientes, de ambos sexos. Diagnosticados con alveolitis dental tras haberse realizado exodoncia durante ese periodo. La muestra quedó conformada por 187 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de alveolitis y factores asociados a las mismas. La información fue recogida en un modelo de recogida de datos, bajo su consentimiento informado. Resultados: el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 35-59 años, con 47,59 %. Predominó el sexo femenino, con un 66,84 %. Prevaleció la alveolitis seca, en un 55,08 %. Relacionado con las conductas inadecuadas del paciente, la afectación fue de un 40,64 %. El no cumplimiento de las indicaciones postoperatorias y fumar, luego de la exodoncia, fueron los factores más asociados a la alveolitis seca; con un 53,48 % y un 41,18 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la alveolitis afectó fundamentalmente a los pacientes de 35-59 años de edad, del sexo femenino. Con mayor frecuencia predominó la alveolitis seca relacionada a las conductas inadecuadas del paciente (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental alveolitis is a local, painful dental pos extraction complication which is reversible. Objective: Provide a characterization of dental alveolitis in René Bedia Morales policlinic at Boyeros Municipality. Materials and methods: A descriptive transversal study was performed in René Bedia Morales policlinic at Boyeros Municipality, in Havana Province. The study was performed in a time span between September 2016 to September 2017. The study universe was constituted by 250 patients of both sexes diagnosed with dental alveolitis after have made extractions in that period of time and the sample remained formed for 187 patients , that met with the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Age, sex, type of alveolitis and associated factors were the variables considered in the present study. The data was collected in a input data form, under the patients concern. Results: The most affected age group was from 35 to 59 years old which represents a 47,59 %, being the feminine sex the predominant group which represents a 66,84 %. Dry alveolitis was predominant in 55,08 % related to inadequate behaviors within a 40,64 % The most frequent factors associated to the non-fulfillment of the pos operatory orders, such as smoking after having performed the procedure of exodontia with a 53,48 % and 41,18 % respectively. Conclusions: Alveolitis mainly affects patients within 35-59 years old, feminine sex, and also related to inadequate behaviors of the patients (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Osteomyelitis/complications , Patient Dropouts , Tooth Extraction/methods , Risk Factors , Oral Medicine/ethics , Dry Socket/etiology , Health Risk Behaviors , Tooth Extraction/ethics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dry Socket/complications , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Emergency Medical ServicesABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: la alveolitis dentaria es una complicación pos-textracción dental, local, dolorosa y reversible del alveolo. Objetivo: caracterizar la alveolitis dental en pacientes adultos del Policlínico "René Bedia Morales", perteneciente al municipio Boyeros. Mareriales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Policlínico "René Bedia Morales", municipio Boyeros, provincia La Habana, en el periodo comprendido de septiembre de 2016 a septiembre de 2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 250 pacientes, de ambos sexos. Diagnosticados con alveolitis dental tras haberse realizado exodoncia durante ese periodo. La muestra quedó conformada por 187 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de alveolitis y factores asociados a las mismas. La información fue recogida en un modelo de recogida de datos, bajo su consentimiento informado. Resultados: el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 35-59 años, con 47,59 %. Predominó el sexo femenino, con un 66,84 %. Prevaleció la alveolitis seca, en un 55,08 %. Relacionado con las conductas inadecuadas del paciente, la afectación fue de un 40,64 %. El no cumplimiento de las indicaciones postoperatorias y fumar, luego de la exodoncia, fueron los factores más asociados a la alveolitis seca; con un 53,48 % y un 41,18 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la alveolitis afectó fundamentalmente a los pacientes de 35-59 años de edad, del sexo femenino. Con mayor frecuencia predominó la alveolitis seca relacionada a las conductas inadecuadas del paciente (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental alveolitis is a local, painful dental pos extraction complication which is reversible. Objective: Provide a characterization of dental alveolitis in René Bedia Morales policlinic at Boyeros Municipality. Materials and methods: A descriptive transversal study was performed in René Bedia Morales policlinic at Boyeros Municipality, in Havana Province. The study was performed in a time span between September 2016 to September 2017. The study universe was constituted by 250 patients of both sexes diagnosed with dental alveolitis after have made extractions in that period of time and the sample remained formed for 187 patients , that met with the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Age, sex, type of alveolitis and associated factors were the variables considered in the present study. The data was collected in a input data form, under the patients concern. Results: The most affected age group was from 35 to 59 years old which represents a 47,59 %, being the feminine sex the predominant group which represents a 66,84 %. Dry alveolitis was predominant in 55,08 % related to inadequate behaviors within a 40,64 % The most frequent factors associated to the non-fulfillment of the pos operatory orders, such as smoking after having performed the procedure of exodontia with a 53,48 % and 41,18 % respectively. Conclusions: Alveolitis mainly affects patients within 35-59 years old, feminine sex, and also related to inadequate behaviors of the patients (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Osteomyelitis/complications , Patient Dropouts , Tooth Extraction/methods , Risk Factors , Oral Medicine/ethics , Dry Socket/etiology , Health Risk Behaviors , Tooth Extraction/ethics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dry Socket/complications , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Emergency Medical ServicesABSTRACT
Background/Aim: Alveolar osteitis (AO), also known as "dry socket", is relatively common post-extraction complication. It probably occurs due to excessive fibrinolytic activity in the coagulum and is characterized by intense pain sensations. The aim of this clinical study was to examine the role of hyaluronic acid and aminocaproic acid in the treatment of AO. Methods: The study included 60 patients with the clinical diagnosis of AO. All the patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each according to the applied non-pharmacological measure: irrigation irrigation of dry socket with sterile saline; curettage careful curettage. Both of these groups were further divided into three subgroups regarding the applied treatment (hyaluronic acid; hyaluronic acid + aminocaproic acid; Alvogyl ®, an anesthetic and antiseptic paste), each with 10 patients, according to the following protocol: 0.2 mL of hyaluronic acid in the form of a 0.8% gel; 2 mL of aminocaproic acid and hyaluronic acid; Alvogyl®. During each visit, scheduled for every two days until complete absence of painful sensations, the patients had the therapeutic method repeated as at the first examination. At each control visit the number of present symptoms and signs of AO was recorded, as well as the level of pain (measured with a visual analogue scale). Results: With the use of hyaluronic acid, with or without aminocaproic one, a statistically significantly faster reduction in pain sensations was achieved, along with the reduction in the number of symptoms and signs of AO compared to the use of Alvogyl®. Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid, applied alone or in combination with aminocaproic acid significantly reduces pain sensation, thus it can be successfully used in the treatment of AO.
Subject(s)
Aminocaproic Acid/therapeutic use , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Dry Socket/drug therapy , Eugenol/therapeutic use , Facial Pain/prevention & control , Hyaluronic Acid/therapeutic use , Hydrocarbons, Iodinated/therapeutic use , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , para-Aminobenzoates/therapeutic use , Adult , Aminocaproic Acid/adverse effects , Analgesics/adverse effects , Curettage/adverse effects , Drug Combinations , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Eugenol/adverse effects , Facial Pain/diagnosis , Facial Pain/etiology , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Hyaluronic Acid/adverse effects , Hydrocarbons, Iodinated/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Oils, Volatile/adverse effects , Pain Measurement , Pain Perception/drug effects , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Serbia , Therapeutic Irrigation , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , para-Aminobenzoates/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Peripheral facial nerve paralysis is the most common cranial nerve disorder; it is determined by the branches of the seventh cranial nerve and results in a characteristic facial distortion that is determined in part by the nerve branches involved. Peripheral facial nerve paralysis during dental treatment is very rare; when it does occur, it can be associated with the injection of local anesthetic, prolonged attempts to remove a mandibular third molar, and subsequent infection. Our article presents the case of a patient admitted with unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis occurring simultaneously with alveolar osteitis.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket/complications , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Molar , Young AdultABSTRACT
A alveolite seca (AS) é uma das complicações pós-operatórias mais comuns e sintomáticas na odontologia, porém, até o momento não há um protocolo de tratamento definido. O composto fenólico guaiacol (Gu) é um dos materiais utilizados para revestimento intra-alveolar devido às suas propriedades analgésicas, antioxidantes e antimicrobianas. Contudo, sua desvantagem é a dificuldade de manipulação decorrente da sua baixa estabilidade, alta volatilidade e sensibilidade à oxidação. Para melhorar suas propriedades e aumentar sua aplicabilidade clínica, um complexo de inclusão de Gu com ß-ciclodextrina (ßcd) foi desenvolvido. A formação do complexo supramolecular de Gu:ßcd foi caracterizada mediante a ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), nos experimentos de 1H e 2D ROESY. A atividade antibacteriana do Gu e Gu:ßcd frente a Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans foi analisada pelo método da microdiluição e sua citotoxicidade em osteoblastos de calvária de rato, foi estudado com o ensaio do MTT. O processo de reparo alveolar induzido pelo Gu:ßcd foi avaliado histologicamente após tratamento de alveolite seca em molares inferiores de ratos. A RMN mostrou correlações espaciais entre os hidrogênios internos (H3 e H5) da ßcd e os hidrogênios aromáticos, H(a) e H(b) do Gu, confirmando a formação do complexo. A complexação do Gu na ßcd potencializou seu efeito antibacteriano e reduziu sua citotoxicidade em osteoblastos. O estudo in vivo evidenciou a ocorrência de ossificação no ápice alveolar dos ratos tratados com Gu:ßcd, no 7o dia. No 14o dia, as trabéculas ósseas ocuparam também o terço médio do alvéolo e no 21o dia, todo o alvéolo se encontrava preenchido por osso neoformado. Estes resultados foram similares ao controle negativo e superiores ao controle positivo (Alvogyl®). Os benefícios obtidos pela inclusão do Gu na ßcd foram demonstrados pela melhora das...
Dry socket is one of the most common and symptomatic complications in dentistry, however, there is still not a settled treatment for this condition. The phenolic compound guaiacol (Gu) is one of several alveolar dressings used in dry socket because it has analgesic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Nevertheless, its disadvantage is the difficulty of manipulation due to its low stability, high volatility and sensitivity to oxidation. To improve its properties and increase its clinical applicability, an inclusion complex of Gu with ß-cyclodextrin (ßcd) was developed. The Gu:ßcd supramolecular complex was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (NMR), in the 1H and 2D ROESY experiments. The antibacterial activity of Gu and Gu:ßcd over Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was analyzed using the microdilution method and its cytotoxicity in rat calvaria-derived osteoblast was evaluated with the MTT assay. The alveolus repair process induced by Gu:ßcd was histologically studied after the treatment of dry socket in rat mandibular molars. The NMR showed spatial correlations between internal hydrogens (H3 and H5) of ßcd and aromatic hydrogens, H(a) and H(b), of Gu confirming the inclusion complex formation. Gu:ßcd complex potentiated Gu antibacterial effect and reduced its cytotoxicity in osteoblasts. The in vivo study revealed that ossification occurred in the alveolar apex of rats treated with Gu:ßcd, by day 7. In the 14th day, the trabecular bone occupied the apical and middle thirds of the socket and on the 21st day, the entire alveolus was filled by newly formed bone. These results were similar to the negative control and superior to the positive control (AlvogylTM). Benefits gained from inclusion of Gu in cyclodextrin have been particularly demonstrated by the improvement in Gu biological properties in vitro and the appropriate alveolus...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dry Socket/complications , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/metabolism , Cyclodextrins/analysis , Cyclodextrins/adverse effects , Cyclodextrins/standards , Guaiacol/analysis , Guaiacol/adverse effectsABSTRACT
This paper reviews the latest evidence for local and systemic interventions for the prevention of alveolar osteitis (dry socket). Dry socket is a painful and common post-operative complication following exodontia. Any interventions for the prevention of dry socket could reduce both its incidence and help avoid this painful complication. Prophylactic measures proposed in the literature are discussed. Furthermore, this article discusses both the clinical and histological stages of a normal healing socket.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket/prevention & control , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/etiology , Humans , Tooth Extraction/adverse effectsABSTRACT
La alveolitis es una de las complicaciones m¨¢s frecuentes de la extracci¨®n dentaria, que aqueja a muchos pacientes, siendo el tratamiento convencional el m¨¢s empleado para su curabilidad, resulta de inter¨¦s encontrar otras terap¨¦uticas eficaces para el proceso de curaci¨®n alveolar, por lo cual se realiz¨® un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y descriptivo con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con magnetoterapia en la alveolitis, seg¨²n la evoluci¨®n cl¨ªnica de los pacientes en curado, mejorado e igual. Esta investigaci¨®n se desarroll¨® en el Hospital Universitario Abel Santamar¨ªa Cuadrado, durante el per¨ªodo comprendido de enero a octubre del 2010. El universo estuvo constituido por 112 pacientes que asistieron a la consulta de cirug¨ªa m¨¢xilofacial, de ellos 64 formaron la muestra, atendiendo a los criterios de inclusi¨®n y exclusi¨®n. Para el an¨¢lisis estad¨ªstico se emplearon los n¨²meros absolutos, relativos y las pruebas no param¨¦tricas de Ji cuadrado y se tom¨® como nivel de significaci¨®n ¦Á=0,005. La asignaci¨®n de sujetos a los tratamientos se hizo de manera aleatoria, quedando con 32 pacientes el grupo control y el de estudio. En los pacientes con alveolitis seca y h¨²meda a los 3 d¨ªas el 84,6% y el 89,4 por ciento resultaron cl¨ªnicamente mejorados con el tratamiento de magnetoterapia, mientras que a los 5 y 7 d¨ªas con el convencional s¨®lo hab¨ªa un 27,2 por ciento. Se determin¨® que la mayor cantidad de pacientes con alveolitis resultaron curados a los 5 d¨ªas con magnetoterapia y con 5 sesiones hubo remisi¨®n del dolor, por lo cual result¨® efectivo el tratamiento con magnetoterapia en la alveolitis(AU)
Alveolitis is one of the most frequent complications of dental extraction, and many patients complain about it, being conventional treatment the most used to cure it; finding other effective therapies to cure the alveolar process is of interest; therefore a longitudinal, prospective and descriptive research was conducted with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of magnetotherapy in alveolitis, supported on clinical evolution of patients: cured, better and equal. This research was carried out at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General University Hospital from January to October 2010. The target group was comprised of 112 patients who attended to maxillofacial surgery, out of them, 64 patients was the sample taken. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. To carry out the statistical analysis absolute, relative and chi square no parametric tests, taking also the level of significance ¦Á=0,005 were applied. Subjects who underwent the treatment were chosen at random, leaving 32 patients: control group and study group. In patients suffering from dry and humid alveolitis at three-day magnetotherapy 84, 6 percent and 89, 4 percent were clinically better; those following the conventional treatment ( 5 to 7 days) showed only 27,3 percent of improvement. The majority of patients with magnetotherapy were cured at a five-day treatment and pain remission as well, resulting in the effectiveness of magnetotherapy to treat alveolitis(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Complementary Therapies/classification , Dry Socket/diagnosisABSTRACT
Patients with urgent dental problems who present to emergency departments (EDs) during weekday office hours are usually referred to their dentists, often after being provided with analgesia. Outside these hours, however, ED professionals may have to provide treatment before referral. One dental emergency with which patients may present but of which ED staff are unlikely to have experience is alveolar osteitis, a painful condition that occurs usually after tooth extraction. This article defines alveolar osteitis and describes management in an ED.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket , Diagnosis, Differential , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/etiology , Dry Socket/therapy , Emergencies , Female , Humans , Male , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Tooth Extraction/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Acute conditions are mainly caused by inflammatory and infectious reactions in the dental pulp, periodontal tissues, periapical bone and the tissues around partially impacted teeth. Pain may also be related to traumatic injuries to the teeth and jaws as well as sequelae after oral surgery. Emergency treatment involves incision of abscesses, root canal treatment, irrigation with antiseptics, immobilisation of teeth or fractured bones, and prescription of analgetics. Antibiotics are only indicated in cases in which there is a risk that an infection spreads to adjacent regions or a risk of fever and malaise.
Subject(s)
Periapical Periodontitis , Pulpitis , Acute Disease , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/therapy , Humans , Jaw/injuries , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Periapical Periodontitis/diagnosis , Periapical Periodontitis/therapy , Pericoronitis/diagnosis , Pericoronitis/therapy , Pulpitis/diagnosis , Pulpitis/therapy , Surgery, Oral , Tooth Injuries/diagnosis , Tooth Injuries/therapy , Toothache/diagnosis , Toothache/therapyABSTRACT
Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw is a rare entity in the healthy population of the developed world. It is normally associated with radiation and bisphosphonates ingestion and occurs in immunosuppressed individuals such as alcoholics or diabetics. Two cases are reported of chronic osteomyelitis in healthy individuals with no adverse medical conditions. The management of these cases are described.
Subject(s)
Mandibular Diseases/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Administration, Oral , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Dental Fistula/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Middle Aged , Molar/surgery , Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Tooth Socket/pathologyABSTRACT
La alveolitis seca es una complicación postoperatoria que acontece tras la extracción dental, quedando definida como una inflamación del alveolo. En el caso que esta inflamación sobrepase las paredes alveolares, estaríamos ante una osteítis localizada. La frecuencia de aparición de la alveolitis se ha referido en un margen muy amplio, desde el 1 % hasta el 70 %. Generalmentese acepta que la mayor incidencia de alveolitis acontece tras la extracción de terceros molares retenidos, en los que la aparición de esta complicación se tasa en un 20-30 % de las extracciones,diez veces más que en el resto de extracciones dentales. En el presente artículo se revisan la forma de aparición clínica,los factores de riesgo relacionados con el cuadro y las teorías etiopatogénicas que intentan explicar su aparición. También se examinan las pautas utilizadas actualmente en su tratamiento. Acorde con las teorías patogénicas de la alveolitis seca, para su prevención se han estudiado agentes fibrinolíticos, lavados, antisépticos y antibióticos. Analizamos los distintos fármacos utilizados, criticando los resultados obtenidos. Como conclusión, y a partir de los datos revisados, pensamos, sin abandonar el territorio de la hipótesis, que es posible defender un modelo patogénico en el que los mecanismos fibrinolíticos bacterianos y del propio organismo colaboren para producir la alveolitis seca
Dry socket is a postoperative complication that occurs after adental extraction and has been defined as an inflammation of the alveolus. If this inflammation should surpass the alveolar walls, it would result in a located osteitis. The frequency of appearance of dry socket has been reported in a very wide margin, from 1%until 70%. It is generally accepted that most dry sockets appear after extraction of third retained molars, in which the occurrence of this complication is about 20-30% of dental extractions, ten times more than in the rest of dental extractions. In this work we review the forms of clinical appearance, the riskfactors related to this affection and the etiopathogenic theories that try to explain its appearance. The treatment management is also examined. Fibrinolitic agents, laundries, antiseptic, and antibiotics have been studied for its prevention, according to the pathogenic theories of dry socket. We analyze and critize the different drugs and their results. In conclusion from the revised data, we think it is possible to defend a pathogenic model in which the bacterial fibrinolytic mechanisms and the microorganism of the own patient may contribute to produce the dry socket
Subject(s)
Humans , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Dry Socket/etiology , Dry Socket/therapy , PrognosisABSTRACT
Dry socket is a postoperative complication that occurs after a dental extraction and has been defined as an inflammation of the alveolus. If this inflammation should surpass the alveolar walls, it would result in a located osteitis. The frequency of appearance of dry socket has been reported in a very wide margin, from 1% until 70%. It is generally accepted that most dry sockets appear after extraction of third retained molars, in which the occurrence of this complication is about 20-30% of dental extractions, ten times more than in the rest of dental extractions. In this work we review the forms of clinical appearance, the risk factors related to this affection and the etiopathogenic theories that try to explain its appearance. The treatment management is also examined. Fibrinolitic agents, laundries, antiseptic, and antibiotics have been studied for its prevention, according to the pathogenic theories of dry socket. We analyze and criticize the different drugs and their results. In conclusion from the revised data, we think it is possible to defend a pathogenic model in which the bacterial fibrinolytic mechanisms and the microorganism of the own patient may contribute to produce the dry socket.
Subject(s)
Dry Socket , Dry Socket/diagnosis , Dry Socket/epidemiology , Dry Socket/etiology , Dry Socket/therapy , Humans , PrognosisABSTRACT
The most common complications of oral surgery include bleeding, pain, swelling, infection, dry socket, and fracture. Bleeding can be controlled by applying gauze pressure to the area or through the use of hemostatic agents. A dry socket should have a dressing with eugenol applied, whereas a prescription for antibiotics or analgesics can take care of some of the other problems. Patients with fractures should be referred to a dentist or oral surgeon for treatment.