ABSTRACT
En los últimos años se ha multiplicado de forma exponencial el número de publicaciones sobre las aplicaciones de los probióticos. Sin embargo, éstas suelen ser heterogéneas, utilizar cepas y dosis muy diversas, así como distintos parámetros de medida, lo que dificulta la generalización de sus resultados. En el momento actual existe un grado de evidencia alto sobre el papel de determinados probióticos en las siguientes entidades: tratamiento diarrea infecciosa aguda, prevención diarrea asociada a antibióticos, síndrome de intestino irritable, prevención de enterocolitis necrotizante y en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (pouchitis). En este artículo se presenta una revisión actualizada de la literatura científica sobre el papel potencial del consumo de probióticos en diversas patologías gastrointestinales tanto en pacientes pediátricos como en adultos (AU)
Nowadays, publications on probiotics have increased exponentially. However they usually are heterogeneous, use diverse strains and doses, and different outcomes, making it difficult to generalize their results. On the basis of the currently available literature, the use of probiotics is supported in the following diseases: acute diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel disease (particularly pouchitis). This paper provides an update of the potential role of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases, in both pediatric and adult patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dysentery/diet therapy , Diarrhea/diet therapy , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/prevention & control , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/diet therapy , Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity , Helicobacter Infections/diet therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review reports on the recent progress understanding mechanisms of action and clinical applications of probiotics. RECENT FINDINGS: New insights on regulating mechanisms of intestinal commensal bacteria to prevent and treat different gastrointestinal diseases have been reported. Some probiotics, though not all, exert beneficial effects by modulating the mucosal barrier function and immune activity. It seems that a combination of different probiotics is more effective than a single strain. It was demonstrated that not only viable bacteria administered to the intestinal tract but also isolated probiotic DNA is active, even if injected subcutaneously. There is reasonable evidence to recommend probiotics in infectious diarrhoea for prevention and treatment (mainly in children) and to prevent antibiotic-induced gastrointestinal side effects. Furthermore, probiotics are effective in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis and preventing and treating pouchitis. Promising positive effects were published in major surgery patients (gastric resection, pancreatic resection, liver transplantation) and in severe necrotising acute pancreatitis. SUMMARY: Increasing knowledge on probiotics is exciting, but in the near future it must be defined which probiotics (single strains or a combination) are most effective in specific diseases. Well-designed, randomized clinical trials are still required to further define the role of probiotics as preventive and therapeutic agents.
Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diet therapy , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy , Crohn Disease/diet therapy , Dysentery/diet therapy , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diet therapy , Perioperative Care/methods , Pouchitis/diet therapyABSTRACT
Analisaram-se algumas características clínicas e epidemiológicas da doença diarréica em crianças de 0 a 14 meses, hospitalizadas no Hospital Geral de Pediatria do Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco (HGP_IMIP), pertencentes a fampilias de baixa renda, procedentes da cidade do Recife e outros municípios do interior do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo realizou-se no período de setembro de 1992 a janeiro de 1993. Utilizou-se um formulário que era aplicado às acompanhates das crianças hospitalizadas com quadro diarréico no qua se verificou: peso, idade, procedência, estado nutricional, estado de hidratação, dieta e drogas utilizadas antes da internação, drogas utilizadas durante a hospitalização e tempo de doença, no momento da hospitalização. Encontrou-se um percentual de 18,9por cento de crianças que foram admitidas na fase persistente da doença diarréica. Observou-se um percentual elevado de crianças com quadro disentérico tanto na fase aguda quanto na fase persistente. Observou-se também que o manuseio dietético e medicamentoso na doença diarréica continua inadequado tanto a nível ambulatorial quanto hospitalar
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Diarrhea, Infantile/diet therapy , Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology , Drug Evaluation , Nutritional Status , Poverty , Dysentery/diet therapyABSTRACT
Twenty-four conventionally reared pigs were divided into four equal groups and fed a basic ration deficient in vitamin E and selenium. One group was given a supplement of vitamin E and selenium. One group was given a supplement of vitamin E, another received selenium and a third received both nutrients. No supplement was given to the control group. After the pigs had been fed the different diets for 59 days they were inoculated with a pure culture of Treponema hyodysenteriae They were subsequently observed for 22 days. The inoculation resulted in outbreaks of swine dysentery in all groups. The results indicated that the administration of vitamin E supplement alone to the pigs reduced the clinical effects of T hyodysenteriae only to a minor degree. On the other hand, supplementation with selenium, either alone or with vitamin E, had a more positive effect which was most clearly illustrated by a greater weight gain during the postinoculation period.
