Apigenin suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in high glucose-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell by inhibiting CBP/p300-mediated histone acetylation.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process implicated in the pathogenesis of retinal fibrosis and the exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) within retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Apigenin (AP), a potential dietary supplement for managing diabetes and its associated complications, has demonstrated inhibitory effects on EMT in various diseases. However, the specific impact and underlying mechanisms of AP on EMT in RPE cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we have successfully validated the inhibitory effects of AP on high glucose-induced EMT in ARPE-19 cells and diabetic db/db mice. Notably, our findings have identified CBP/p300 as a potential therapeutic target for EMT in RPE cells and have further substantiated that AP effectively downregulates the expression of EMT-related genes by attenuating the activity of CBP/p300, consequently reducing histone acetylation alterations within the promoter region of these genes. Taken together, our results provide novel evidence supporting the inhibitory effect of AP on EMT in RPE cells, and highlight the potential of specifically targeting CBP/p300 as a strategy for inhibiting retinal fibrosis in the context of DR.

EP300 through upregulating the expression of vimentin to promote the progression of chordoma.

OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of effective drugs to treat the progression and recurrence of chordoma, which is widely resistant to treatment in chemotherapy. The authors investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of the E1A-binding protein p300 (EP300) in chordoma. METHODS: The expression of EP300 and vimentin was examined in specimens from 9 patients with primary and recurrent chordoma with immunohistochemistry. The biological functions of EP300 were evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8, clonogenic assays, and transwell assays. The effects of EP300 inhibitors (C646 and SGC-CBP30) on chordoma cell motility were assessed with these assays. The effect of the combination of EP300 inhibitors and cisplatin on chordoma cells was evaluated with clonogenic assays. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot techniques were used to explore the potential mechanism of EP300 through upregulation of the expression of vimentin to promote the progression of chordoma. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a positive correlation between elevated EP300 expression levels and recurrence. The upregulation of EP300 stimulated the growth of and increased the migratory and invasive capabilities of chordoma cells, along with upregulating vimentin expression and consequently impacting their invasive properties. Conversely, EP300 inhibitors decreased cell proliferation and downregulated vimentin. Furthermore, the combination of EP300 inhibition and cisplatin exhibited an enhanced anticancer effect on chordoma cells, indicating that EP300 may influence chordoma sensitivity to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that EP300 functions as an oncogene in chordoma. Targeting EP300 offers a novel approach to the development and clinical treatment of chordoma.

Discovery of Highly Potent and Efficient CBP/p300 Degraders with Strong In Vivo Antitumor Activity.

The transcriptional coactivator cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) and its homologue p300 have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets for human cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of cereblon (CRBN)-recruiting CBP/p300 proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) based on the inhibitor CCS1477. The representative compounds 14g (XYD190) and 14h (XYD198) potently inhibited the growth of AML cells with low nanomolar IC50 values and effectively degraded CBP and p300 proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies confirmed that 14g and 14h can selectively bind to CBP/p300 bromodomains and induce CBP and p300 degradation in bromodomain family proteins in a CRBN- and proteasome-dependent manner. 14g and 14h displayed remarkable antitumor efficacy in the MV4;11 xenograft model (TGI = 88% and 93%, respectively). Our findings demonstrated that 14g and 14h are useful lead compounds and deserve further optimization and activity evaluation for the treatment of human cancers.

Co-targeting BET, CBP, and p300 inhibits neuroendocrine signalling in androgen receptor-null prostate cancer.

There are diverse phenotypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine disease, that vary in their sensitivity to drug treatment. The efficacy of BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors in prostate cancer is attributed, at least in part, to their ability to decrease androgen receptor (AR) signalling. However, the activity of BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors in prostate cancers that lack the AR is unclear. In this study, we showed that BRD4, CBP, and p300 were co-expressed in AR-positive and AR-null prostate cancer. A combined inhibitor of these three proteins, NEO2734, reduced the growth of both AR-positive and AR-null organoids, as measured by changes in viability, size, and composition. NEO2734 treatment caused consistent transcriptional downregulation of cell cycle pathways. In neuroendocrine models, NEO2734 treatment reduced ASCL1 levels and other neuroendocrine markers, and reduced tumour growth in vivo. Collectively, these results show that epigenome-targeted inhibitors cause decreased growth and phenotype-dependent disruption of lineage regulators in neuroendocrine prostate cancer, warranting further development of compounds with this activity in the clinic. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Activator of KAT3 histone acetyltransferase family ameliorates a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype in the syntaxin 1A ablated mouse model.

Syntaxin-1A (stx1a) repression causes a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype, low latent inhibition (LI) behavior, by disrupting 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) systems. Herein, we discovered that lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) 3B increases stx1a neuronal transcription and TTK21, a KAT3 activator, induces stx1a transcription and 5-HT release in vitro. Furthermore, glucose-derived CSP-TTK21 could restore decreased stx1a expression, 5-HTergic systems in the brain, and low LI in stx1a (+/-) mice by crossing the blood-brain barrier, whereas the KAT3 inhibitor suppresses stx1a expression, 5-HTergic systems, and LI behaviors in wild-type mice. Finally, in wild-type and stx1a (-/-) mice treated with IKK inhibitors and CSP-TTK21, respectively, we show that KAT3 activator-induced LI improvement is a direct consequence of KAT3B-stx1a pathway, not a side effect. In conclusion, KAT3B can positively regulate stx1a transcription in neurons, and increasing neuronal stx1a expression and 5-HTergic systems by a KAT3 activator consequently improves the low LI behavior in the stx1a ablation mouse model.

Group 3 medulloblastoma transcriptional networks collapse under domain specific EP300/CBP inhibition.

Chemical discovery efforts commonly target individual protein domains. Many proteins, including the EP300/CBP histone acetyltransferases (HATs), contain several targetable domains. EP300/CBP are critical gene-regulatory targets in cancer, with existing high potency inhibitors of either the catalytic HAT domain or protein-binding bromodomain (BRD). A domain-specific inhibitory approach to multidomain-containing proteins may identify exceptional-responding tumor types, thereby expanding a therapeutic index. Here, we discover that targeting EP300/CBP using the domain-specific inhibitors, A485 (HAT) or CCS1477 (BRD) have different effects in select tumor types. Group 3 medulloblastoma (G3MB) cells are especially sensitive to BRD, compared with HAT inhibition. Structurally, these effects are mediated by the difluorophenyl group in the catalytic core of CCS1477. Mechanistically, bromodomain inhibition causes rapid disruption of genetic dependency networks that are required for G3MB growth. These studies provide a domain-specific structural foundation for drug discovery efforts targeting EP300/CBP and identify a selective role for the EP300/CBP bromodomain in maintaining genetic dependency networks in G3MB.

Engineered coiled-coil HIF1α protein domain mimic.

The development of targeted anti-cancer therapeutics offers the potential for increased efficacy of drugs and diagnostics. Utilizing modalities agnostic to tumor type, such as the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), may assist in the development of universal tumor targeting agents. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), in particular HIF1, plays a key role in tumor adaptation to hypoxia, and inhibiting its interaction with p300 has been shown to provide therapeutic potential. Using a multivalent assembled protein (MAP) approach based on the self-assembly of the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein coiled-coil (COMPcc) domain fused to the critical residues of the C-terminal transactivation domain (C-TAD) of the α subunit of HIF1 (HIF1α), we generate HIF1α-MAP (H-MAP). The resulting H-MAP demonstrates picomolar binding affinity to p300, the ability to downregulate hypoxia-inducible genes, and in vivo tumor targeting capability.

Andrographolide regulates H3 histone lactylation by interfering with p300 to alleviate aortic valve calcification.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our previous studies have found that andrographolide (AGP) alleviates calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study explores the molecular target and signal mechanisms of AGP in inhibiting CAVD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The anti-calcification effects of the aortic valve with AGP treatment were evaluated by alizarin red staining in vitro and ultrasound and histopathological assessment of a high-fat (HF)-fed ApoE-/- mouse valve calcification model. A correlation between the H3 histone lactylation (H3Kla) and calcification was detected. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments were further used to confirm p300 as a target for AGP. Overexpression (oe) and silencing (si) of p300 were used to verify the inhibitory effect of AGP targeting p300 on the H3Kla in vitro and ex vivo. KEY RESULTS: AGP significantly inhibited calcium deposition in valve interstitial cells (VICs) and ameliorated aortic valve calcification. The multi-omics analysis revealed the glycolysis pathway involved in CAVD, indicating that AGP interfered with lactate production by regulating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). In addition, lactylation, a new post-translational modification, was shown to have a role in promoting aortic valve calcification. Furthermore, H3Kla and H3K9la site were shown to correlate with Runx2 expression inhibition by AGP treatment. Importantly, we found that p300 transferase was the molecular target of AGP in inhibiting H3Kla. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that AGP alleviates calcification by interfering with H3Kla via p300, which might be a powerful drug to prevent CAVD.

Global crotonylome identifies EP300-regulated ANXA2 crotonylation in cumulus cells as a regulator of oocyte maturation.

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr), a newly discovered post-translational modification, played a crucial role in physiology and disease progression. However, the roles of crotonylation in oocyte meiotic resumption remain elusive. As abnormal cumulus cell development will cause oocyte maturation arrest and female infertility, we report that cumulus cells surrounding human meiotic arrested oocytes showed significantly lower crotonylation, which was associated with decreased EP300 expression and blocked cumulus cell expansion. In cultured human cumulus cells, exogenous crotonylation or EP300 activator promoted cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis, whereas EP300 knockdown induced the opposite effect. Transcriptome profiling analysis in human cumulus cells indicated that functions of crotonylation were associated with activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Importantly, we characterized the Kcr proteomics landscape in cumulus cells by LC-MS/MS analysis, and identified that annexin A2 (ANXA2) was crotonylated in cumulus cells in an EP300-dependent manner. Crotonylation of ANXA2 enhanced the ANXA2-EGFR binding, and then activated the EGFR pathway to affect cumulus cell proliferation and apoptosis. Using mouse oocytes IVM model and EP300 knockout mice, we further confirmed that crotonylation alteration in cumulus cells affected the oocyte maturation. Together, our results indicated that EP300-mediated crotonylation is important for cumulus cells functions and oocyte maturation.

NDUFA8 is transcriptionally regulated by EP300/H3K27ac and promotes mitochondrial respiration to support proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer, a common malignancy in women, poses a significant health burden worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression, function, and potential mechanisms of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8 (NDUFA8) in cervical cancer. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and immunohistochemical scoring were used to analyze NDUFA8 expression in cervical cancer tissues and normal tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the expression level of NDUFA8 in cervical cancer cell lines. NDUFA8 knockdown or overexpression experiments were conducted to evaluate its impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The mitochondrial respiratory status was analyzed by measuring cellular oxygen consumption, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and the expression levels of Mitochondrial Complex I activity, and Mitochondrial Complex IV-associated proteins Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 5B (COX5B) and COX6C. NDUFA8 exhibited high expression levels in cervical cancer tissues, and these levels were correlated with reduced survival rates. A significant upregulation of NDUFA8 expression was observed in cervical cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. Silencing NDUFA8 hindered cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and concurrently suppressed cellular mitochondrial respiration, resulting in decreased levels of available ATP. Conversely, NDUFA8 overexpression induced the opposite effects. Herein, we also found that E1A Binding Protein P300 (EP300) overexpression facilitated Histone H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation enrichment, enhancing the activity of the NDUFA8 promoter region. NDUFA8, which is highly expressed in cervical cancer, is regulated by transcriptional control via EP300/H3K27 acetylation. By promoting mitochondrial respiration, NDUFA8 contributes to cervical cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. These findings provide novel insights into NDUFA8 as a therapeutic target in cervical cancer.

Ox-LDL promotes M1-like polarization of macrophages through the miR-21-5p/SKP2/EP300 pathway.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) mediated inflammatory damage, which possibly induces atherosclerosis (AS); however, the role of miRNA in this process has rarely been reported. In this paper, we study the ox-LDL-related endothelial cell damage and changes of macrophages. The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the expression changes of miRNA in AS patients, luciferase assay was used to study the interaction of protein and miRNA, and co-IP and ubiquitination experiments were used to analyze protein interaction. Flow cytometry was used to detect the polarization of macrophages. Database analysis showed that the expression of miR-21-5p was upregulated in AS patients. Luciferase assay showed that miR-21-5p can bind to SKP2 and subsequently influence ubiquitination of EP300. Overexpression of EP300 strengthens the HMGB1-induced acetylation and subsequently mediates the dissociation of HMGB1 from SIRT1, and thus HMGB1 could be secreted outside the cell. The HMGB1 released from endothelial cells can promote macrophage M1 polarization. This study shows that ox-LDL activates the SKP2/EP300 pathway through promoting upregulation of miR-21-5p, thereby acetylating and secreting HMGB1 outside the endothelium, subsequently enhancing macrophage polarization to further stabilize the inflammation situation.

EP300 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating the oncogenic transcription of Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.

The transcriptional activation function of YAP in cancer development has been widely studied. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that EP300, one histone acetyltransferase, interacted with YAP and was recruited into the phase separated condensates of YAP. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in gene expression upon EP300 depletion, with downregulated genes associated with cancer progression and Hippo-YAP pathway. Notably, disruption of EP300 inhibited the transcriptional activation of YAP and reduced the binding of H3K27ac on YAP target oncogenes in Hippo pathway. Moreover, depletion of EP300 effectively inhibited YAP-driven tumor growth. Taken together, these results indicate that EP300 contributes to lung cancer progression by promoting the oncogenic transcription of YAP through H3K27ac, which suggests that YAP-EP300 axis may be potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment.

MiR-26a-5p exerts its influence by targeting EP300, a molecule known for its role in activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of colorectal cancer.

Surgical resection remains the primary approach for treating colorectal cancer, which is among the prevalent types of cancers affecting the digestive system. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has emerged as a prominent area of study in the field of tumor immunotherapy in recent times, with the potential to serve as a supplementary treatment for colorectal cancer. For this investigation, we employed single-cell sequencing data to assess the manifestation extent of miR-26a-5p exists in healthy colon tissue, tissue affected by colorectal cancer, and tissue adjacent to the tumor. According to our findings, tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes express comparatively less miR-26a-5p in comparison to normal T lymphocytes, the role of it in modulating the function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes is suggested. Studies on miR-26a-5p's involvement in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes is limited, despite previous evidence indicating its ability to facilitate the development and advancement of cancerous cells. As a result of our experiments, we concluded that miR-26a-5p hindered the PI3K/AKT/mTOR(PAM) signaling pathway, reducing the ability of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating cells eradicate tumors. Using bioinformatics tools, we utilized prediction methods to identify EP300 as the specific gene targeted by miR-26a-5p. Subsequent research understood that downregulation of EP300 counteracted the suppressive impact exerted by miR-26a-5p on the stimulation of PAM signaling pathway, while it also diminishes the viability and cytotoxicity of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Therefore, miR-26a-5p emerges as a compelling option for the effective control of TIL therapy.

PPARα Senses Bisphenol S to Trigger EP300-Mediated Autophagy Blockage and Hepatic Steatosis.

The internal exposure dose of bisphenol S (BPS) is increasing since its use as a substitute for BPA. The relationship between BPS and nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and the underlying mechanism remain unclarified. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of BPS with NAFLD in populations from the Jiangsu Survey and the 2013-2016 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey and unraveled the molecular pathway by which BPS blocked hepatic autophagy, contributing to lipid accumulation. The study found that serum and urine BPS were associated with NAFLD risks in both the Chinese and US populations. For each additional unit of the BPS level, the NAFLD risk increased by 3.163-fold (serum) and 3.979-fold (urine) in the Chinese population. In addition, after BPS exposure at a dose equivalent to human exposure for 20 weeks, mice developed liver lipid accumulation. BPS could trigger PPARα-mediated transcriptional activation of EP300 expression. BPS promoted the translocation of EP300 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to regulate the acetylation of Raptor and the activation of mTORC1, which in turn induced autophagy blockage and interfered with lipid degradation in hepatocytes. Conversely, knockdown of EP300 reduced Raptor acetylation and ameliorated autophagy blockage. This study demonstrated that EP300 was a key enzyme for the development of BPS-related NAFLD and provided novel evidence that BPS causes NAFLD.

HDAC8-mediated inhibition of EP300 drives a transcriptional state that increases melanoma brain metastasis.

Melanomas can adopt multiple transcriptional states. Little is known about the epigenetic drivers of these cell states, limiting our ability to regulate melanoma heterogeneity. Here, we identify stress-induced HDAC8 activity as driving melanoma brain metastasis development. Exposure of melanocytes and melanoma cells to multiple stresses increases HDAC8 activation leading to a neural crest-stem cell transcriptional state and an amoeboid, invasive phenotype that increases seeding to the brain. Using ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq we show that increased HDAC8 activity alters chromatin structure by increasing H3K27ac and enhancing accessibility at c-Jun binding sites. Functionally, HDAC8 deacetylates the histone acetyltransferase EP300, causing its enzymatic inactivation. This, in turn, increases binding of EP300 to Jun-transcriptional sites and decreases binding to MITF-transcriptional sites. Inhibition of EP300 increases melanoma cell invasion, resistance to stress and increases melanoma brain metastasis development. HDAC8 is identified as a mediator of transcriptional co-factor inactivation and chromatin accessibility that drives brain metastasis.

The D129L protein of African swine fever virus interferes with the binding of transcriptional coactivator p300 and IRF3 to prevent beta interferon induction.

IMPORTANCE: African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and severe porcine infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASF outbreaks severely threaten the global pig industries and result in serious economic losses. No safe and efficacious commercial vaccine is currently available except in Vietnam. To date, large gaps in the knowledge concerning viral biological characteristics and immunoevasion strategies have hindered the ASF vaccine design. In this study, we demonstrate that pD129L negatively regulates the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway by interfering with the interaction of the transcriptional coactivator p300 and IRF3, thereby inhibiting the induction of type I IFNs. This study reveals a novel immunoevasion strategy employed by ASFV, shedding new light on the intricate mechanisms for ASFV to evade the host immune responses.

SETD1A-mediated H3K4me3 methylation upregulates lncRNA HOXC-AS3 and the binding of HOXC-AS3 to EP300 and increases EP300 stability to suppress the ferroptosis of NSCLC cells.

BACKGROUND: Histone methyltransferases are crucial regulators in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. This study explored the mechanism of histone methyltransferase SET domain containing 1A (SETD1A)-mediated H3K4me2 methylation in NSCLC cell ferroptosis and provides novel targets for NSCLC treatment. METHODS: Upon downregulation of SETD1A in NSCLC cell lines, cell proliferation potential, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities, iron content, and SETD1A, long noncoding RNA HOXC cluster antisense RNA 3 (lncRNA HOXC-AS3), E1A binding protein p300 (EP300), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expressions were determined via cell counting kit-8, ELISA, iron assay kits, RT-qPCR, and western blot. Enrichment levels of SETD1A and H3K4me3 in the HOXC-AS3 promotor were measured via chromatin immunoprecipitation, and the binding of HOXC-AS3 and EP300 was analyzed via RNA immunoprecipitation. Rescue experiments were performed to confirm their roles in NSCLC cell ferroptosis. Xenograft tumor models were established to validate the role of SETD1A in vivo. RESULTS: SETD1A, H3K4me3, HOXC-AS3, and EP300 were highly-expressed in NSCLC cells. Silencing SETD1A inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, increased MDA and iron levels, and decreased SOD, GSH, and GPX4 levels. SETD1A downregulation reduced H3K4me3 level, HOXC-AS3 expression, the binding of HOXC-AS3 to EP300, and EP300 stability. Overexpression of HOXC-AS3 or EP300 reversed the promotion of silencing SETD1A on NSCLC cell ferroptosis. Silencing SETD1A reduced tumor volume and weight and positive rate of ki67 and increased ferroptosis through the HOXC-AS3/EP300 axis. CONCLUSION: SETD1A-mediated H3K4me2 methylation promoted HOXC-AS3 expression, binding of HOXC-AS3 to EP300, and EP300 stability, thereby suppressing NSCLC cell ferroptosis.

EP300 as a Molecular Integrator of Fibrotic Transcriptional Programs.

Fibrosis is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in tissues, leading to organ dysfunction and failure. Recent studies have identified EP300, a histone acetyltransferase, as a crucial regulator of the epigenetic changes that contribute to fibrosis. In fact, EP300-mediated acetylation of histones alters global chromatin structure and gene expression, promoting the development and progression of fibrosis. Here, we review the role of EP300-mediated epigenetic regulation in multi-organ fibrosis and its potential as a therapeutic target. We discuss the preclinical evidence that suggests that EP300 inhibition can attenuate fibrosis-related molecular processes, including extracellular matrix deposition, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We also highlight the contributions of small molecule inhibitors and gene therapy approaches targeting EP300 as novel therapies against fibrosis.

Emerging roles of p300/CBP in autophagy and autophagy-related human disorders.

As one of the major acetyltransferases in mammalian cells, p300 (also known as EP300) and its highly related protein CBP (also known as CREBBP), collectively termed p300/CBP, is characterized as a key regulator in gene transcription by modulating the acetylation of histones. In recent decades, proteomic analyses have revealed that p300 is also involved in the regulation of various cellular processes by acetylating many non-histone proteins. Among the identified substrates, some are key players involved in different autophagy steps, which together establish p300 as a master regulator of autophagy. Accumulating evidence has shown that p300 activity is controlled by many distinct cellular pathways to regulate autophagy in response to cellular or environmental stimuli. In addition, several small molecules have been shown to regulate autophagy by targeting p300, suggesting that manipulation of p300 activity is sufficient for controlling autophagy. Importantly, dysfunction of p300-regulated autophagy has been implicated in a number of human disorders, such as cancer, aging and neurodegeneration, highlighting p300 as a promising target for the drug development of autophagy-related human disorders. Here, we focus on the roles of p300-mediated protein acetylation in the regulation of autophagy and discuss implications for autophagy-related human disorders.

TGF-ßRII/EP300/SMAD4 cascade signaling pathway promotes invasion and glycolysis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: EP300 is considered to be a cancer suppressor gene that plays a role in tumor development, but some studies have reported that it is not an oral squamous cell carcinoma suppressor gene, because there was neither epigenetic inactivation of the gene nor a mutation resulting in functional impairment. However, there is no relevant study on whether EP300 is the exact carcinogenic effect and its mechanisms of carcinogenic effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Western blot analysis and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction experiments verified the protein and mRNA expression of EP300 in oral squamous cell carcinoma; The effects of EP300 knockout on glucose consumption and lactic acid production were detected by glycolysis experiments; The relationship between pathway-related proteins and EP300 was verified by bioinformatics analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiment. RESULTS: Our experimental results confirm that the protein and mRNA of EP300 are highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and after knocking out the EP300, the glycolysis ability, invasion, migration, and other biological functions of oral squamous cell carcinoma, are inhibited at the same time. Pathway-related experiments have confirmed that EP300 plays a role in promoting cancer through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TGF-ßRII)/EP300/Smad4 cascade pathway. CONCLUSION: EP300 plays a carcinogenic role in OSCC showed that the TGF-ßRII/EP300/Smad4 cascade pathway is involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma.