Mobile Phone Radiation: Its Efficacy as Protoscolicidals.

OBJECTIVE: There are different types of radiations, such as microwaves and mobile waves. Certain types of radiofrequency were evaluated in hydatid cyst ablation or as protoscolicidals. This study aimed to assess the influence of mobile waves on hydatid cyst protoscolices. METHODS: Hydatid cysts were collected from the slaughterhouse and transferred to the laboratory. The contents of the cysts were drained in sterile conditions and the protoscolices were rinsed three times with phosphate buffered saline. Equal volumes of protoscolex suspensions were aliquoted into similar tubes. Based on the distance of the samples from the mobile generation waves, the tubes containing the parasitic suspensions were classified into three groups, each of which was further categorised into nine subgroups according to the time of the radiation exposure. The subgroup with zero exposure time was considered the control. RESULTS: It was found that the mortality rate of the protoscolices increases as the distance of the sample from the wave-generation source decreases (p<0.0001). Increasing the time of exposure also improves the mortality rate of protoscolices. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of protoscolices was directly proportional to the time of exposure and inversely proportional to the distance from the mobile generation waves.

Experimental Nanopulse Ablation of Multiple Membrane Parasite on Ex Vivo Hydatid Cyst.

The impact of ultrashort nanopulse on cellular membrane is of biological significance and thus has been studied intensively. Different from cell study, this ex vivo study aims to investigate the biological effects of nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) on an independent multimembrane parasite, human hydatid cyst, to observe the unique influence of nanopulse on macromembrane structure, permeabilization, and biochemistry. The 300 ns nsPEF was delivered on an experimental model of single human hydatid cyst ex vivo with eight different parameters. Then pathological changes during 7 days of 48 parasite cysts were followed up after nsPEF. The laminated layer, the germinal layer, the protoscolex, and cyst fluid were evaluated by the morphological, pathological, and biochemical measurements. The parameter screening found that nsPEF can damage hydatid cyst effectively when the field strength is higher than 14 kV/cm. When nsPEF is higher than 29 kV/cm, nsPEF destroy hydatid cyst completely by collapsing the germinal layer, destructing protoscolices, and exhausting the nutrition.

Haematological changes observed in Swiss albino mice infected with normal and gamma-irradiated E. granulosus larvae.

Five groups of Swiss albino mice (Mus Musculus albinus) were intraperitoneally inoculated with 2,000 aseptic normal (control group) and gamma irradiated E. granulosus, larvae at different dose levels of 40 Kr, 60 Kr, 80 Kr and 100 Kr, respectively. Haematological studies showed a marked leucocytosis, a progressive increase in the average percentage of eosinophils as well as a great successive decrease in haemoglobin concentration through out the time of infection in control group as compared to the treated ones. Meanwhile the leucocytic count and the Haemoglobin concentration in treated mice was dose dependent as well as time dependent whereas the eosinophil percentage was only dose dependent rather than time dependent.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the rate of cyst development of E. granulosus larvae in Swiss albino mice.

White albino mice Mus Musculus albinus were intraperitoneally inoculated with aseptical normal and gamma irradiated protoscolices of E. granulosus at dose level of 40, 60, 80 and 100 Kr. Mice, either normaly infected or infected with irradiated protoscolices and sacrificed at intervals of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks, showed a marked increase in the percentage of cyst number in the liver than in the peritoneal cavity or around spleen, although by increasing the dose level to 100 Kr. no cyst were developed around the spleen. Meanwhile the % of developing cyst in the peritoneal cavity was time and dose level dependent. The mean cyst diameter showed a progressive increase with the increase of infection time and a successive decrease by increasing the dose level of gamma irradiation. An increase in the number of cyst was observed particularly in normal mice where a marked increase was noted on the 8th week post infection while a successive decrease in the mean number of cyst was observed by increasing the dose level of gamma irradiation.