Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/etiology , Eclampsia/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/classification , Dog Diseases/history , Dogs , Eclampsia/classification , Eclampsia/etiology , Eclampsia/history , Female , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Peripartum Period , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
The extragent used to prepare a Latrodectus mactans hydrocarbon extract is a multicomponent system composed of alkanes, alkenes, and arenes. More than 100 compounds were identified in the hydrocarbon extract (petroleum). The petroleum matrix of Latrodectus mactans was first obtained to manufacture homeopathic remedies. The authors could prepare the first Russian homeopathic medicine from Latrodectus mactans, which proved to be effective in treating canine eclampsia. Canine experiments provide a rationale for the authors' choice as the only homeopathic remedy among thousand known drugs to treat female eclampsia. It is Latrodectus mactans that is in the list of homeopathic medicines permitted for use in accordance with Order No. 335 (Supplement 2) of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Russia, issued on November 29, 1995. It is manufactured from Latrodectus mactans living in the USA.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Black Widow Spider/chemistry , Complex Mixtures/therapeutic use , Mycoses/drug therapy , Spider Venoms/therapeutic use , Animals , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Complex Mixtures/chemistry , Complex Mixtures/isolation & purification , Disease Models, Animal , Dogs , Eclampsia/drug therapy , Eclampsia/veterinary , Female , Homeopathy/methods , Humans , Mycoses/blood , Mycoses/pathology , Paecilomyces/pathogenicity , Pregnancy , Spider Venoms/chemistryABSTRACT
Reproductive causes of hypocalcemia include puerperal tetany (eclampsia) and mild hypocalcemia during whelping. This article reviews the pathophysiology, signalment, clinical signs, and treatment of eclampsia in the bitch and queen. The second part of the article focuses on the consequences and treatment of hypocalcemia prior to and during whelping in dogs and cats.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/physiopathology , Dog Diseases/physiopathology , Hypocalcemia/veterinary , Puerperal Disorders/veterinary , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Cats , Dogs , Eclampsia/physiopathology , Eclampsia/veterinary , Female , Hypocalcemia/etiology , Pregnancy , Puerperal Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Average gestation length in domestic cats is 65.6 days, with a range of 52-74 days. Average reported litter size is 4.0 kittens per litter; litter size is not correlated with number of matings in a given estrus. Superfecundation is common in domestic cats; superfetation never has been definitively proven to occur. Eclampsia may occur during pregnancy in queens, with non-specific clinical signs. Ectopic pregnancy and uterine torsion have been reported. Pregnancy loss may be due to infectious causes, including bacteria, viruses or protozoa, or non-infectious causes, such as hypoluteoidism and chromosome errors.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Cats , Pregnancy Complications/veterinary , Abortion, Veterinary/etiology , Animals , Cat Diseases/etiology , Eclampsia/veterinary , Estrogens/physiology , Female , Gestational Age , Litter Size , Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/veterinary , Progesterone/physiology , Torsion Abnormality , Uterine Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
This article discusses different techniques that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of obstetrical emergencies. Female reproductive emergencies commonly encountered by small animal practitioners include pyometra, dystocia, cesarean section, mastitis, eclampsia, uterine torsion, and uterine prolapse. A thorough knowledge of normal and abnormal reproductive behavior will aid the emergency veterinarian in successfully managing such cases. Timely diagnosis and treatment of these emergencies will often give a good outcome.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/therapy , Dog Diseases/therapy , Pregnancy Complications/veterinary , Animals , Cats , Cesarean Section/veterinary , Dogs , Dystocia/therapy , Dystocia/veterinary , Eclampsia/therapy , Eclampsia/veterinary , Emergency Treatment/veterinary , Female , Mastitis/therapy , Mastitis/veterinary , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Torsion Abnormality/therapy , Torsion Abnormality/veterinary , Uterine Diseases/therapy , Uterine Diseases/veterinary , Uterine Prolapse/therapy , Uterine Prolapse/veterinaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of dogs with eclampsia with those of dogs without eclampsia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 31 dogs with eclampsia (affected) and 31 with dystocia (controls). PROCEDURE: Information on signalment, type of diet, reproductive history, litter size, time from whelping to eclampsia, body weight, clinical signs, results of physical examination and hematologic and biochemical analyses, response to calcium supplementation, and recurrence was obtained from the medical records of all dogs with eclampsia evaluated between 1995 and 1998 and compared with information from medical records of 31 of 102 dogs with dystocia evaluated during the same period. RESULTS: Dogs with eclampsia weighed less, had a smaller body weight-to-litter size ratio, higher rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rates, and lower plasma total solids concentration than control dogs. Ionized calcium concentration was < or = 0.8 mmol/L for all but 1 of the affected dogs; median concentration for the affected dogs was significantly less than that for control dogs. Six (19%) dogs did not manifest typical clinical signs associated with eclampsia. Twelve (39%) dogs with eclampsia had previous litters; none had a history of eclampsia. Affected dogs were discharged from the hospital within hours after admission, but 3 dogs returned 1 to 3 weeks later because of recurrence of eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Eclampsia develops primarily in small-breed dogs with large litters. Plasma ionized calcium concentrations > 0.8 mmol/L in dogs with clinical signs typical of hypocalcemia may indicate that other causes of clinical signs should be considered. In addition, some dogs with eclampsia may have low ionized calcium concentrations and not manifest typical clinical signs.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/physiopathology , Eclampsia/veterinary , Animals , Bicarbonates/blood , Body Temperature , Body Weight , Calcium/administration & dosage , Calcium/blood , Case-Control Studies , Diet/veterinary , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dogs , Eclampsia/drug therapy , Eclampsia/physiopathology , Female , Heart Rate , Lactates/blood , Litter Size , Parity , Pregnancy , Respiration , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Dog Diseases/blood , Eclampsia/veterinary , Electrolytes/blood , Animals , Dogs , Eclampsia/blood , Female , Pregnancy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Two related gorillas, the second the granddaughter of the first, had pregnancies complicated by convulsions and edema. They may have suffered from eclampsia, indicating that this is not an exclusively human disease and that in gorillas, as in humans, there is a familial factor.
Subject(s)
Gorilla gorilla , Pregnancy Complications/veterinary , Seizures/veterinary , Animals , Eclampsia/genetics , Eclampsia/veterinary , Edema/genetics , Edema/veterinary , Female , Pedigree , Pregnancy , Seizures/geneticsABSTRACT
This article includes discussions about postpartum care of the dam and postpartum disorders in the bitch such as hemorrhage, uterine prolapse, metritis, mastitis, eclampsia, and subinvolution of the placental sites.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Puerperal Disorders/veterinary , Animals , Dogs , Eclampsia/veterinary , Female , Placenta Diseases/veterinary , Postpartum Hemorrhage/veterinary , Pregnancy , Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis , Uterine Prolapse/veterinaryABSTRACT
Late-term pregnant Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) died within 24 hours of arrival in our facility. Disseminated thrombi were found in many organs, particularly in the kidneys, liver, intestines, and placenta. Pathogenic bacteria were not identified in bacterial cultures of the liver.
