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1.
Cuad. bioét ; 27(89): 13-27, ene.-abr. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151419

ABSTRACT

Los conceptos y escalas de calidad de vida relacionada con salud (CVRS) comienzan a ser habituales en la práctica clínica, y juegan hoy un importante papel en discusiones bioéticas, especialmente en el manejo de pacientes terminales. En este artículo estudiamos la evolución que ha sufrido dicho concepto y la relación que guarda con el binomio salud-enfermedad. En este sentido, mostramos algunos importantes inconvenientes que arrastra la noción de calidad de vida (CV) desde sus orígenes y que se traducen en una difícil aplicabilidad en las ciencias de la salud y, sobre todo, que conllevan enormes sesgos. En nuestras conclusiones defendemos que es necesario mejorar el concepto de CV a partir de la inclusión de dimensiones y factores relacionados con el bienestar que, a pesar de no ser enteramente cuantificables, dotan de coherencia y sentido a los datos que, sobre el paciente, el profesional de la salud maneja habitualmente


Quality of life concepts and scales related to health (QLRH) are beginning to be customary in clinical practice and now play an important role in bioethical discussions, particularly concerning the management of terminal patients. This paper looks at how that concept has evolved and how it relates to the health-illness binomial. We illustrate some important complexities the notion of quality of life (QL) has borne since its inception and that make applicability in the health sciences difficult and, most of all, lead to tremendous biases. In our conclusions, we argue it is necessary to improve the concept of QL by including aspects and factors related to well-being. Although not entirely quantifiable, they give coherence and meaning to the patient data health professionals normally work with


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Terminally Ill , Personhood , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Pain/prevention & control , Pain/psychology , Patient Acuity , Cost of Illness , 50230 , Value of Life/economics , Sickness Impact Profile , Economics, Medical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/standards , Economics, Pharmaceutical/trends , Cost-Benefit Analysis/ethics , Cost-Benefit Analysis/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Public Health/economics
2.
Int J Risk Saf Med ; 26(1): 39-43, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24796349

ABSTRACT

Over the past two decades Russia has gone through dramatic "democratic" changes resulting in unprecedented deterioration of health, loss of lives and extinction of population. The health system turned into a ridiculous monster of poorly organized business exploiting reminiscent social values of the past to build profits on selling sickness-for-all in consumer culture. We present facts and conclude that introduction of palivizumab into clinical practice for the most vulnerable patient category was done without confirmation of efficacy, without pharmacoeconomics evaluations, without any precautionary measures in a country with undeveloped pharmacovigilance system. The situation calls for immediate action of responsible authorities and the society as a whole.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Drug and Narcotic Control/organization & administration , Economics, Pharmaceutical , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/economics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Approval , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Palivizumab , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Russia
4.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 86(4): 371-380, jul.-ago. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-103657

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: El gasto farmacéutico representa un elevado porcentaje del gasto sanitario total en la mayoría de los países desarrollados, por lo que es importante utilizar herramientas que permitan hacer un uso eficiente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es construir un indicador de gasto farmacéutico estandarizado con el fin de disponer de una herramienta objetiva de evaluación y control del gasto más precisa que el indicador utilizado hasta el momento en la Comunitat Valenciana. Métodos: Para la construcción de este indicador se introdujo el concepto de "paciente equivalente" en la estandarización de la población, lo que permitió discriminar pacientes con perfiles de consumo diferentes. Dicha estandarización tiene en cuenta una serie de variables sociodemográficas que ofrecen una estandarización de los pacientes más ajustada que la que ofrecía el modelo utilizado hasta 2011, sustituido ahora por este nuevo indicador: el anterior indicador de importe estandarizado solo consideraba como característica diferenciadora del gasto la condición de farmacia (prestación farmaceútica sin o con aportación del 40%). Las variables consideradas en el nuevo proceso de estandarización fueron, la edad, el género, la condición de prestación farmaceútica y la cobertura internacional. Resultados: Después de aplicar el método de estandarización de la población se obtuvieron 160 grupos de pacientes con consumos diferentes a los que se les adjudicó unos pesos de 0,10 a 4,39 pacientes equivalentes. Conclusiones: El indicador obtenido permite comparar poblaciones homogéneas a través del proceso de su estandarización, lo que facilita la evaluación y control del gasto farmacéutico ambulatorio considerando los patrones de consumo de cada estructura poblacional. El indicador se puede aplicar a cualquier nivel organizativo, desde departamentos de salud a facultativos, por lo que ofrece información necesaria para el establecimiento de incentivos encaminados a promover una prescripción más eficiente(AU)


Background: The outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure in developed countries represents a huge percentage of the total health budget, because of that, it is necessary to use tools aimed to control and guarantee an efficient use of these resources. Improving the current construction of the indicator of pharmaceutical expenditure in order to have a more adjusted tool of pharmaceutical expenditure control. Methods: We introduce the concept of "equivalent patient" in the standardization of outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure, considering in its design several socio demographic variables in order to supersede the previous model which just considered the "Co-payment status" for adjusting the outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure. We considered variables as age, sex, co-payment status and nationality to elaborate the concept of equivalent patient. Results: By applying the standardization method we obtained 160 groups of consumption with weights from 0,10 to 4,39 equivalent patients. Conclusions: We obtained a tool capable of improving the construction of Pharmaceutical Expenditure Indicators, which are essential for the design of measures aimed to stimulate the rational use of drugs. In a micro level of analysis, the new indicator is useful to establish economic incentives aimed to encourage good performance from physicians in the prescription fiel(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Indicators of Health Services/methods , Indicators of Health Services/organization & administration , Indicators of Health Services/standards , Investments/standards , Investments/trends , Economics, Pharmaceutical/organization & administration , Economics, Pharmaceutical/standards , Drug Prescriptions/economics , Expenditures on Science and Technology Indicators , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/statistics & numerical data , Economics, Pharmaceutical/trends , Treatment Outcome , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions
5.
Farm Hosp ; 35 Suppl 2: 18-24, 2011 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22445505

ABSTRACT

The present article discusses the importance of clinical management in the transformation of organizations and its role in the daily activities of health professionals and, in particular, of hospital pharmacists. Because of social changes, healthcare models must make the shift from more rigid management models toward new organizational models based on clinical management. From this perspective, pharmacoeconomics is viewed as a useful tool to introduce the criteria of efficiency in all decisions subject to clinical management, including those on pharmacotherapeutics. Subsequently, the application of this discipline is discussed in real decision-making scenarios and settings for its use within the context of the work of hospital pharmacy are proposed.


Subject(s)
Disease Management , Economics, Pharmaceutical , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis , Decision Making, Organizational , Drug Therapy/economics , Drug Therapy/trends , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/trends , Efficiency, Organizational , Humans , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Organizational Innovation , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Professional Practice , Social Change , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Uncertainty , United Kingdom
6.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 84(6): 333-336, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70031

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. La eficacia de un programa de profilaxis preoperatoria está claramente documentada. Evaluamos la repercusión económica de la adecuada prescripción de antibióticos preoperatorios. Pacientes y método. Intervención para implantar un protocolo de profilaxis antibiótica preoperatoria(PAP). Recogimos de forma prospectiva la información al respecto correspondiente a todos los pacientes intervenidos por el servicio de cirugía general y digestiva de forma programada, en una fase previa a la implantación del PAP (P1) y en una fase posterior(P2). Se consideró que el cumplimiento era correcto cuando lo era la profilaxis antibiótica (PA) (fármaco concreto, dosis y duración).Resultados. En la P1 (n = 36) la PA fue inadecuada en todos los pacientes; coste medio de la PA por paciente,77 (9-412) euros; coste total, 2.770 euros. En laP2 (n = 37) la PA fue inadecuada en 11 pacientes; coste medio de la PA por paciente, 16 (2-78) euros; coste total, 593 euros. En la P1 el coste total de la prescripción antibiótica fue 38 veces mayor que lo esperado; en la P2 tan sólo fue 1,6 veces mayor que lo estipulado según el PAP. Conclusiones. La causa más frecuente de inadecuación en la profilaxis preoperatoria es alargar el tratamiento con antimicrobianos. Una intervención multidisciplinaria (servicio de enfermedades infecciosas, cirugía y farmacia) para implantar la prescripción de antibióticos preoperatorios según un PAP mejora los índices de cumplimiento del protocolo y evita la prescripción errónea de antibióticos, con el consiguiente ahorro en términos de coste económico y microbiológico (AU)


Objectives. The introduction of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery was designed and pre-intervention(controls) and post-intervention (cases) evaluations were carried out at a university tertiary hospital. Patients and method. Prospective recording of information on prophylaxis in all patients undergoing on-emergency abdominal surgery was analysed during a 3-week period before and after implementing an antimicrobial prophylaxis program. Adequacy of prophylaxis was defined as prescription of antibiotics(type, dose and duration of treatment) according to the Guidelines. Results. In the pre-intervention study: included36 patients; prophylaxis was inadequate in all patients(long-term in 22 cases; antibiotic class and long-term in 2 cases; antibiotic class, dose and long-term in 12 cases); mean duration of prophylaxis was6 days (range 1 to 10 days); mean antibiotic cost per patient was 77 euro (range 9 to 412 euro); overall antibiotic cost for the 36 patients was 2770 euro. In the post-intervention study: included 37 patients: prophylaxis was inadequate in 11 patients (long-term in 10cases; antibiotic class and long-term in 1 case);mean duration of prophylaxis was 2 days (range 1 to9 days); mean antibiotic cost per patient was 16 euro(range 2 to 78 euro); overall antibiotic cost for the 37patients was 593 euro. In the pre-intervention period antibiotic cost was 38 times higher than expected. In the post-intervention period it was 1.6 times higher than expected. Conclusions. The most common reason of prophylaxis inadequacy is prolonged antibiotic treatment. A multidisciplinary intervention that comprises infectious diseases, surgical and pharmacy departments improves prophylaxis prescribing practice and avoids erroneous prescribing of antibiotics with both microbiological and economical cost savings (AU)


Subject(s)
Economics, Pharmaceutical/organization & administration , Economics, Pharmaceutical/standards , Economics, Pharmaceutical/trends , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/trends , Hospitals, University , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/statistics & numerical data , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/economics , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Prospective Studies , Drug Therapy, Combination/economics , Cost Allocation/methods , Cost Control/methods , Costs and Cost Analysis/economics , Costs and Cost Analysis/methods
7.
Clin Ter ; 159(1): 29-32, 2008.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18399259

ABSTRACT

While economic resources continue to decrease, there is a growing demand for health treatment. This faces health workers with an ethical dilemma. They are caught between, on the one hand, their responsibility to the individual patient and, on the other hand, the obvious need to make new treatments available to the largest number of patients. This clearly highlights the need for a regulated system of allocation of resources, whose rules must be agreed to by all operators in the field.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/economics , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/ethics , Drug Prescriptions/economics , Bioethics/trends , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/trends , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/trends , Humans , Italy , Patient Care Management/economics , Patient Care Management/ethics , Quality of Health Care
8.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 40(3)sep.-dic. 2006.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-33405

ABSTRACT

La renovación y actualización de los planes de estudio en la formación de profesionales es tarea fundamental que le corresponde a las universidades. La entrada en el siglo XXI y el desarrollo científico-técnico que antecedió a este exige de profundas reflexiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorar la importancia de la bioética como disciplina en la formación de estos profesionales, a partir de las experiencias acumuladas acorde con los cambios y nuevos enfoques producidos en el desarrollo de las ciencias biomédicas y la revolución farmacológica de las ultimas décadas y de las preocupaciones manifestadas por organismos internacionales que tienen responsabilidad con la salud del hombre y su bienestar(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Pharmaceutical Services/ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Ethics, Pharmacy
9.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 40(3)sept.-dic. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-465282

ABSTRACT

La renovación y actualización de los planes de estudio en la formación de profesionales es tarea fundamental que le corresponde a las universidades. La entrada en el siglo XXI y el desarrollo científico-técnico que antecedió a este exige de profundas reflexiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorar la importancia de la bioética como disciplina en la formación de estos profesionales, a partir de las experiencias acumuladas acorde con los cambios y nuevos enfoques producidos en el desarrollo de las ciencias biomédicas y la revolución farmacológica de las ultimas décadas y de las preocupaciones manifestadas por organismos internacionales que tienen responsabilidad con la salud del hombre y su bienestar


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Ethics, Pharmacy , Pharmaceutical Services/ethics
11.
Value Health ; 7(2): 111-7, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15164801

ABSTRACT

In 2001, ISPOR convened a Task Force on Code of Ethics for Researchers (The Task Force). This Task Force was to build on the previous work of ISPOR Health Science Policy Task Forces and develop a code of ethics that would be applicable to all ISPOR members and to ISPOR itself. The Task Force developed a code of ethics that was subsequently adopted by the ISPOR Board of Directors. The Code of Ethics is appended to this article and can be found on ISPOR's Web page at http://www.ispor.org/workpaper/code_ethic.htm. This article provides supportive information and justification for the ISPOR Code of Ethics for Researchers and includes a discussion of the stakeholders as well as ethical considerations for the researcher on research practices, research sponsorship, research publication and dissemination, and relationships with others. It also includes a discussion of the ethical considerations for the Society.


Subject(s)
Codes of Ethics , Economics, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Ethics, Research , Research Personnel/ethics , Advisory Committees , Europe , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , North America , Professional-Patient Relations , Societies, Pharmaceutical/ethics
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