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2.
Nucl Med Commun ; 40(6): 555-564, 2019 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30807533

ABSTRACT

Infections involving cardiovascular implantable electronic devices are becoming increasingly common, and increasingly complex to manage. Advances in technology have made implantable electronic devices smaller, and easier to implant, and patients are now also more likely to be older, with more complex comorbidities. Infections related to these devices are, however, not decreasing, and in some settings, these are rising. There is a clinical need for more accurate tests for confirming or ruling out infected devices. In this article, we review the relevant literature and share our own initial experience.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular System , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnostic imaging , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/adverse effects , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology
3.
Biofouling ; 33(7): 567-579, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28675055

ABSTRACT

As part of ongoing commitments to produce electricity from renewable energy sources in Scotland, Orkney waters have been targeted for potential large-scale deployment of wave and tidal energy converting devices. Orkney has a well-developed infrastructure supporting the marine energy industry; recently enhanced by the construction of additional piers. A major concern to marine industries is biofouling on submerged structures, including energy converters and measurement instrumentation. In this study, the marine energy infrastructure and instrumentation were surveyed to characterise the biofouling. Fouling communities varied between deployment habitats; key species were identified allowing recommendations for scheduling device maintenance and preventing spread of invasive organisms. A method to measure the impact of biofouling on hydrodynamic response is described and applied to data from a wave-monitoring buoy deployed at a test site in Orkney. The results are discussed in relation to the accuracy of the measurement resources for power generation. Further applications are suggested for future testing in other scenarios, including tidal energy.


Subject(s)
Biofouling/prevention & control , Biota , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Hydrodynamics , Renewable Energy , Biodiversity , Ecosystem , Islands , Scotland
4.
Am J Infect Control ; 44(12): 1554-1557, 2016 12 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27742144

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A tabletop-type ultraviolet C (UVC) light-emitting disinfecting device was evaluated for microbiologic effectiveness, safety, usability, and end-user satisfaction. METHODS: Three different inoculums of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex strains suspended in both saline and trypticase soy broth were applied onto stainless steel carriers and electronic device surfaces in triplicate and cultured for growth after UVC disinfection. Assessments of functionality and usability were performed by biomedical and human factors engineers. End-user feedback was captured using a standardized in-use survey. RESULTS: The 54 stainless steel carriers displayed growth at inoculums as low as 102 colony forming units (CFU) when a quartz dish supplied by the manufacturer was used during UVC exposure. Without the quartz dish, 54 electronic device surfaces displayed no growth for inoculums from 102-104 CFU for all organisms suspended in saline, but lower kill rates (95.7%-100%) for organisms in broth. Several minor safety and usability issues were identified prior to clinical evaluation. In-use evaluation revealed keen user endorsement; however, suboptimal sensitivity of the machine's input sensors during sequential object insertion precluded implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of some safety and functionality parameters would improve a conceptually popular and microbiologically effective tabletop UVC disinfecting device.


Subject(s)
Colony Count, Microbial , Disinfection/instrumentation , Disinfection/methods , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Ultraviolet Rays , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/isolation & purification , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/radiation effects , Humans , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/radiation effects , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/radiation effects
5.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ; 36(3): 311-9, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25695173

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence in electronic and manual faucets and assess the influence of connecting pipes and water quality. SETTING: Faucets in 4 healthcare centers in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: Water samples from 105 electronic, 90 manual, and 14 foot-operated faucets were analyzed for P. aeruginosa by culture and enzymatic detection, and swab samples from drains and aerators were analyzed by culture. Copper and residual chlorine concentrations, temperature, and flow rate were measured. P. aeruginosa concentrations were analyzed in 4 consecutive volumes of cold water and a laboratory study was conducted on copper pipes and flexible hoses. RESULTS: P. aeruginosa contamination was found in drains more frequently (51%) than in aerators (1%) or water (culture: 4%, enzyme detection: 16%). Prevalence in water samples was comparable between manual (14%) and 2 types of electronic faucets (16%) while higher for foot-operated faucets (29%). However, type 2 electronic faucets were more often contaminated (31%) than type 1 (14%), suggesting that faucet architecture and mitigated volume (30 mL vs 10 mL) influence P. aeruginosa growth. Concentrations were 100 times higher in the first 250 mL than after flushing. Flexible hoses were more favorable to P. aeruginosa growth than copper and a temperature of 40°C led to higher counts. CONCLUSIONS: The types of faucets and connecting pipes, flow rate, and water quality are important parameters influencing the prevalence and the concentrations of P. aeruginosa in faucets. High concentrations of P. aeruginosa in the first 250 mL suggest increased risk of exposure when using the first flush.


Subject(s)
Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Equipment Contamination/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Water Microbiology , Water Quality , Water Supply , Hand Disinfection , Humans , Quebec
6.
Int J Orthod Milwaukee ; 25(2): 21-30, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25109055

ABSTRACT

Sterilization and disinfection have been a matter of concern amongst dental health care workers since long. Delicate materials, electrical parts, orthodontic pliers, orthodontic wire cutters, are to be treated according to the manufacturer's instructions to safe guard the life of the instrument as well as to claim warranty for any damage incurred. Sterilization procedures used in Orthodontics should be simple but effective and of relatively short duration so that there is a readily available supply of sterile instruments and materials. The procedure should not cause any appreciable damage to dental instruments and other materials. An attempt has been made through this article, to provide information concerning methods and means of disinfection and sterilization of orthodontic clinics, instruments, materials and also waste disposal which can be adopted in private clinics as well as in hospital set ups.


Subject(s)
Dental Offices , Orthodontics , Sterilization/methods , Dental Disinfectants/therapeutic use , Dental Equipment/microbiology , Dental Instruments/microbiology , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Waste , Disinfectants/therapeutic use , Disinfection/methods , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Facility Design and Construction , Floors and Floorcoverings , Hand Disinfection/methods , Humans , Infection Control, Dental/methods , Medical Waste Disposal/methods , Orthodontic Appliances/microbiology , Orthodontics/instrumentation , Protective Clothing , Sterilization/instrumentation , Universal Precautions
7.
J Biotechnol ; 173: 24-30, 2014 Mar 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24445171

ABSTRACT

In this paper, H(+) consumption and metal recovery, during the process of bioleaching waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans), were discussed in detail. When the WPCBs concentration was 15g/L, Cu (96.8%), Zn (83.8%), and Al (75.4%) were recovered after 72h by A. ferrooxidans. Experimental results indicated that metal recovery rate was significantly influenced by acid. Based on experimental results, the kinetics of the H(+) consumption and metal recovery on bioleaching WPCBs were represented by reaction kinetic equations. The kinetic of H(+) consumption could be described by the second-order kinetic model. The metal recovery belongs to the second-order model with adding acid, which was changed to the shrinking core model with precipitate production.


Subject(s)
Acidithiobacillus/metabolism , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Hydrogen/metabolism , Metals/metabolism , Aluminum/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Copper/metabolism , Industrial Waste , Kinetics , Zinc/metabolism
8.
J Hazard Mater ; 172(2-3): 1100-5, 2009 Dec 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19699031

ABSTRACT

Bioleaching processes were used to mobilize metals from printed wire boards (PWBs). The bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans) isolated from an acidic mine drainage were grown and acclimated in presence of PWBs and then used as bioleaching bacteria to solubilize metals from PWBs. The experimental results demonstrate that all the percentages of copper, lead, zinc solubilized into the leaching solution from actual PWBs basically increased with decrease of sieve fraction of sample and decrease of PWBs concentration. The concentration of PWBs should be controlled under the range from 7.8 to 19.5 g l(-1). Under 7.8 g l(-1) of the concentration of PWBs, the percentages of copper solubilized are 99.0%, 74.9%, 99.9% at 0.5-1.0mm of sieve fraction at 9 d of leaching time by the pure culture of A. ferrooxidans, the pure culture of A. thiooxidans, and mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans, respectively, while the percentages of copper, lead and zinc solubilized are all more than 88.9% at <0.35 mm of the sieve fractions of sample at 5d of leaching time by the above three kinds of cultures. Variation of pH and redox potential of leaching solution with time implied that Fe(3+) oxidized from Fe(2+) in the culture medium in presence of A. ferrooxidans caused the mobilization of metals. It is concluded that A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans were able to grow in the presence of PWBs and the pure culture of A. ferrooxidans, and the mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans can not only efficiently bioleach the main metal copper but also bioleach other minor metals such as lead, zinc as well.


Subject(s)
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans/metabolism , Acidithiobacillus/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Electrical Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Industrial Waste , Metals/metabolism , Copper/metabolism , Lead/metabolism , Solubility , Zinc/metabolism
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