ABSTRACT
Emphysematous cholecystitis is reported to have a low incidence of less than 1% in all cases of acute cholecystitis and yet a high mortality rate of up to 15%. It is most commonly seen in male diabetic patients with advanced age. The diagnosis is established with the presence of gas in the gallbladder lumen and/or within its wall which can be seen on plain abdominal radiography, abdominal ultrasound, and abdominal computerized tomography. The clinical presentation refers to one of acute cholecystitis, but the treatment requires prompt cholecystectomy since the patient's condition can deteriorate due to the possibility of gallbladder perforation. We present a case of a 71-year-old female diabetic patient with calculous emphysematous cholecystitis treated with emergency open cholecystectomy.
Subject(s)
Cholecystitis, Acute , Diabetes Mellitus , Emphysematous Cholecystitis , Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/surgery , Cholecystectomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Cholecystitis, Acute/diagnostic imaging , Cholecystitis, Acute/surgeryABSTRACT
Acute emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare entity (1% of acute cholecystitis) characterized by the presence of gas in the gallbladder lumen, gallbladder wall or even in the bile duct (pneumobilia). It is associated with arteriosclerosis, embolic events, and diabetes mellitus and as in other similar pathologies such as emphysematous gastritis or emphysematous pancreatitis the most frequently isolated microorganisms are Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, although others such as Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens and Klebsiella pneumoniae have also been found.
Subject(s)
Emphysema , Emphysematous Cholecystitis , Bile Ducts , Clostridium perfringens , Emphysema/complications , Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Emphysema/therapy , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , HumansSubject(s)
COVID-19/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Aged, 80 and over , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Female , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Gallbladder/pathology , Humans , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is a form of cholecystitis with high mortality rates more commonly seen in patients with medical histories such as diabetes, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease. The common features of these medical diseases are impaired pain perception, particularly abdominal pain, due to advanced age and peripheral neuropathies. Accurate evaluation of characteristics observed at ultrasonography, the method of first choice in the diagnosis of EC, is therefore highly important in these patients. CASE REPORT: This study reports a case of the champagne sign, rarely seen in EC, together with other EC findings. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: The champagne sign is a little-known sonographic finding that is evidence of the presence of gas in the gallbladder. The champagne sign that will be detected while evaluating the hepatobiliary system on bedside ultrasound is one of the valuable findings in the diagnosis of emphysematous cholecystitis with high mortality.
Subject(s)
Cholecystitis , Emphysematous Cholecystitis , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Cholecystitis/complications , Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Humans , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pleural Effusion/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Betacoronavirus , Pandemics , Radiography, Thoracic , Fatal OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, imaging features, differential diagnoses, and management of emphysematous infections of the abdomen and pelvis. CONCLUSION. Emphysematous infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and thus need urgent medical and surgical interventions. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect gas; CT provides definitive diagnosis in most cases and can depict the extent of involvement.
Subject(s)
Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Gases , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Abdominal Wall/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Wall/microbiology , Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Abscess/microbiology , Aortitis/diagnostic imaging , Aortitis/microbiology , Cystitis/diagnostic imaging , Cystitis/microbiology , Emphysema/microbiology , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/microbiology , Female , Fournier Gangrene/diagnostic imaging , Fournier Gangrene/microbiology , Gas Gangrene/diagnostic imaging , Gas Gangrene/microbiology , Gastritis/diagnostic imaging , Gastritis/microbiology , Hepatitis/diagnostic imaging , Hepatitis/microbiology , Humans , Male , Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatitis/microbiology , Prostatic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Prostatic Diseases/microbiology , Psoas Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Psoas Abscess/microbiology , Pyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Pyelitis/microbiology , Pyelonephritis/diagnostic imaging , Pyelonephritis/microbiology , Uterine Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Shock, Septic/complications , Rare Diseases/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Antecedentes: la colecistitis enfisematosa (CE) es una forma de presentación infrecuente de la colecistitis aguda. Material y métodos: presentecedentes patológicos, mientras que los otros eran diabéticos. A todos se les realizó tomografía computarizada (TC). Dos pacientes fueron sometidos a colecistectomía videolaparoscópica (CL) con buena evolución, mientras que en un caso se realizó colecistostomía percutánea (CP). Discusión: la CE se refiere a la presencia de gas en la luz o en la pared de la vesícula biliar. La tasa de morbilidad es del 50%. Los pacientes suelen padecer diabetes, pero puede presentarse en pacientes más jóvenes sin factores de riesgo. La TC es el método de elección para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento definitivo es la CL, aunque la CP es otra opción válida. Conclusión: la CL se considera un enfoque eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento de la CE.
Background: Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is a rare presentation of acute cholecystitis. Material and methods: We report three cases of EC in two men and one woman between 55 and 79 years. One of the patients was otherwise healthy while the other two were diabetics. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in all the cases. Two patients underwent video-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy with favorable outcome and one patient underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. Discussion: Emphysematous cholecystitis is characterized by the presence of gas in the gallbladder lumen or wall. Mortality rate is 50%. Most patients are diabetics, but EC may present in younger patients without risk factors. Computed tomography scan is the method of choice for the diagnosis. Cholecystectomy is indicated as definite treatment, but percutaneous cholecystostomy may be a valid option. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and antibiotics are effective and safe to treat.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/surgery , Cholecystostomy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Abdominal Pain/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/drug therapy , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Diabetes Complications , Abdomen/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension/complicationsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Coronavirus Infections , Betacoronavirus , Pandemics , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Aged, 80 and over , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Gallbladder/microbiology , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Streptococcus bovis/isolation & purification , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Diabetes ComplicationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Emphysematous cholecystitis and spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage are uncommon and serious conditions with non-specific presentations that can lead to a poor clinical outcome. We report a case of spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage of emphysematous cholecystitis. A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency department with fever, chills, right upper quadrant pain, vomiting, and diarrhea of four days' duration. He had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and uarthritis. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged gallbladder with intra-luminal, intra-mural, and peri-cholecystic air; subcapsular high-density fluid collection; and an intra-hepatic mass with gas and liquid in the right lobe of the liver. After receiving prompt administration of appropriate antibiotic agents, drainage, and an alternative operation the patient recovered well. CONCLUSION: Emphysematous cholecystitis is potentially fatal because of its serious complications. It needs to be diagnosed promptly, not only based on the effervescent gallbladder sign but also on the inflammatory presentations. Furthermore, for patients with spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage, attention should be paid to the underlying cause. Treatment should be individualized to improve diagnosis and cure as early as possible, thereby improving prognosis.
Subject(s)
Emphysematous Cholecystitis/complications , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/pathology , Hemorrhage/etiology , Hemorrhage/pathology , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/diagnostic imaging , Emphysematous Cholecystitis/surgery , Hemorrhage/surgery , Humans , Liver Diseases/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography, Abdominal , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Streptococcus bovis is an uncommon cause of biliary tract infection, being acute cholecystitis including this microorganism extremely rare. This entity is more frequent in older patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hepatitis, or neoplasms as colon cancer.