ABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis was a fatal disease three generations ago. Temporal evolution of knowledge made possible important advances in diagnostic techniques, especially in echocardiography, the possibility of cardiac surgery during the active infectious process and new guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis before interventional procedures. Nowadays, infective endocarditis is curable. In this review, we describe historical aspects of endocarditis, from Osler's observations in the 19th century to the change from a "clinically possible" to a "clinically defined" disease.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eponyms , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
A endocardite infecciosa era fatal até há três gerações. A evolução temporal do conhecimento da doença possibilitou avanços nas técnicas diagnósticas, especialmente na ecocardiografia, a possibilidade de se realizar a cirurgia cardíaca, mesmo com o processo infeccioso em atividade, e novas recomendações de profilaxia por antibióticos antes dos procedimentos de intervenção. Hoje a endocardite infecciosa é curável. Nesta revisão são abordados os aspectos históricos da endocardite, desde as observações de Osler, no século XIX, até a transformação de doença "clinicamente possível" em "clinicamente definida".
Infective endocarditis was a fatal disease three generations ago. Temporal evolution of knowledge made possible important advances in diagnostic techniques, especially in echocardiography, the possibility of cardiac surgery during the active infectious process and new guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis before interventional procedures. Nowadays, infective endocarditis is curable. In this review, we describe historical aspects of endocarditis, from Osler´s observations in the 19th century to the change from a "clinically possible" to a "clinically defined" disease.
Subject(s)
History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , EponymsSubject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Famous Persons , Literature, Modern/history , Medicine in Literature , Music/history , Neurosyphilis/history , Streptococcal Infections/history , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , PolandABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , History, Medieval , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/physiopathology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/epidemiologySubject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Famous Persons , Fever of Unknown Origin/etiology , Music/history , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Austria , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial/complications , Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis, a serious infection of the endocardium of the heart, particularly the heart valves, is associated with a high degree of illness and death. It generally occurs in patients with altered and abnormal heart architecture, in combination with exposure to bacteria through trauma and other potentially high-risk activities involving transient bacteremia. Knowledge about the origins of endocarditis stems from the work of Fernel in the early 1500s, and yet this infection still presents physicians with major diagnostic and management dilemmas. Endocarditis is caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, as well as emerging infectious agents, including Tropheryma whiplei, Bartonella spp., and Rickettsia spp. We review the evolution of endocarditis and compare its progression with discoveries in microbiology, science, and medicine.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Famous Persons , Female , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
El perfil clínico y epidemiológico de la EI ha variado en las últimas décadas en forma importante, lo que debe considerarse al momento de tomar decisiones en relación al diagnóstico, tratamiento y, posiblemente, en la profilaxis. De ser una afección predominante en pacientes con alteraciones anatómicas valvulares, principalmente secuelas de enfermedad reumática y bacteremias por gérmenes clásicamente extrahospitalarios (60-80 por ciento de los gérmenes aislados correspondían a especies de estreptococos), sus características epidemiológicas han variado sustancialmente en los últimos 20 años. El envejecimiento poblacional, el mayor uso de métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de tipo invasivo, la mayor difusión de implantes de dispositivos intracardíacos y las mayores tasas de bacteremias nosocomiales, son algunas de las razones que explican que actualmente la EI se presente en pacientes sin valvulopatías o con una etiología diferente a la reumática y que el germen más frecuentemente aislado en las series comunicadas en el último tiempo sea el estafilococo aureus, incluido el estudio prospectivo nacional ya mencionado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endocarditis, Bacterial/classification , Endocarditis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/pathology , Incidence , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Endocarditis/complications , Stroke/epidemiology , Endocarditis/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Infections/complications , Infections/drug therapy , Stroke/microbiology , Stroke/mortalitySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Echocardiography , Embolism , IncidenceABSTRACT
The 20th of May 1869, Professor Emanuel Winge used a human heart as an exhibit at a meeting of The Medical Society in Christiania. This heart was later conserved and kept in the museum of the Institute of Pathology. Sixty years later, one of Winge's successors, Professor Francis Harbitz, used the very same heart, also at a meeting of The Medical Society. Harbitz had then confirmed Winge's hypothesis of 1869, that the endocarditis of this heart was due to a bacterial infection. This article contemplates the disparity between the "scientific gazes" of Winge and Harbitz, and why Harbitz was able to convert Winges hypothesis of 1869 into a scientific discovery in 1929.
Subject(s)
Cardiology/history , Endocarditis, Bacterial/history , Myocardium/pathology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/pathology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , NorwayABSTRACT
The natural history of infective endocarditis has undergone remarkable changes over the past 100 years as regards both the demographic characteristics of the disease and changes in the incidence of the so-called diagnostic signs. Alongside these changes and the development of new and better diagnostic tools and criteria, we are also facing new problems with the precise definition of cardiovascular infections and calculation of the incidence of the disease. Nosocomial endocarditis presents an emerging problem of diagnosis and treatment after heart valve surgery, with pace-maker catheters, defibrillators and a very large variety of foreign materials used in connection with heart valve surgery. New technological progress including new types of prosthetic valves and use of homografts or the Ross operation will give a greater possibility of choosing the best solution in a particular case. Antimicrobial chemotherapy is mainly based on our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and efficacy of the antibiotics achieved in an experimental animal model of endocarditis. Important recommendations of single or combined drug therapy or the dosing regimens of antibiotics are still an expression of expert opinion not always supported by experimental or clinical proof. A typical example is the recommendation of two divided doses of gentamicin for treatment of streptococcal endocarditis. Nevertheless, it is the author's opinion that the development of uncomplicated, easy to handle diagnostic and treatment regimens are justified in order to achieve better compliance with these recommendations.
