ABSTRACT
Due to the rarity of human cases and the nonspecific clinical symptoms of dioctophymiasis, Dioctophyma renale infection is not well recognized and is easily neglected or misdiagnosed. Recently, we diagnosed a human case of dioctophymiasis accompanied by renal cancer. To enhance the understanding of human dioctophymiasis, this case is presented here, and a retrospective study of this disease was conducted based on relevant papers screened from PubMed and three Chinese databases. In the end, 32 papers describing 37 human cases of dioctophymiasis were assessed. These cases were distributed in ten countries of Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania, with the highest number in China (n = 22). The majority of the cases occurred in adults (91.9%, 34/37) and involved the kidneys (83.8%, 31/37). Ectopic parasitism mainly occurred in subcutaneous tissue (83.3%, 5/6). A proportion of 45.9% (17/37) of individuals had a history of eating raw or undercooked fish or frogs. The main clinical manifestations of human dioctophymiasis were loin pain (59.5%) and hematuria (59.5%). All the cases were diagnosed based on the morphological characteristics of eggs or adults in urine or tissue sections. Currently, there is no strictly defined therapeutic approach. This is the first retrospective analysis of human cases of dioctophymiasis. These review data will deepen our understanding of dioctophymiasis and help avoid misdiagnosis in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Enoplida Infections/complications , Enoplida Infections/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Asia/epidemiology , Child , China/epidemiology , Dioctophymatoidea/isolation & purification , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Enoplida Infections/urine , Europe/epidemiology , Female , Fishes/parasitology , Humans , Kidney/parasitology , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/parasitology , Male , Middle Aged , North America/epidemiology , Raw Foods/parasitology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Young AdultSubject(s)
Dioctophymatoidea/isolation & purification , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/veterinary , Kidney/parasitology , Animals , Brazil , Disease-Free Survival , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/therapy , Dog Diseases/urine , Dogs , Enoplida Infections/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/parasitology , Enoplida Infections/therapy , Enoplida Infections/urine , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Male , Urinalysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
This report describes light and scanning electron microscopic appearance of an ovum from the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyme renale found in the nidus and stone layer of a struvite calculus. The stone had been surgically removed from the bladder of a 4-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog from northern Ontario.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/veterinary , Larva/growth & development , Urinary Calculi/veterinary , Urine/parasitology , Animals , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/surgery , Dog Diseases/urine , Dogs , Enoplida Infections/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/surgery , Enoplida Infections/urine , Female , Magnesium Compounds , Phosphates , Struvite , Urinary Calculi/diagnosis , Urinary Calculi/parasitology , Urinary Calculi/surgeryABSTRACT
This study reports a case of parasitism by the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale, diagnosed in the right kidney of a domestic dog. An adult female German Shepherd was attended with clinical history of prostration and hyporexia. The hemogram showed changes compatible with an inflammatory process, for that reason, an abdominal ultrasound was requested. Ultrasound image suggested the presence of D. renale in the right kidney. The diagnosis was confirmed after urinalysis due to the presence of dioctophymas ova in the urinary sediment. Surgical treatment was made and the animal had an excellent recovery after the nephrectomy was performed. Generally, in almost all cases, parasitism by D. renale in domestic dogs is a necropsy finding, nevertheless imaging techniques as sonography and laboratorial exams as urinalysis have been proven to be important tools to achieve diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to report a case of parasitism by D. renale where diagnosis and treatment were made in time to allow the patient's recovery.
