Subject(s)
Enteritis/history , Enteritis/diagnosis , History, 20th Century , Humans , Periodicals as Topic , PublishingABSTRACT
Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections associated with eggs occurred in French Polynesia during 2008-2013. Molecular analysis of isolates by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat polymorphisms and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis was performed. This subtyping made defining the epidemic strain, finding the source, and decontaminating affected poultry flocks possible.
Subject(s)
Enteritis/epidemiology , Enteritis/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/microbiology , Salmonella enterica/classification , Alleles , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Disease Outbreaks , Enteritis/history , Genes, Bacterial , History, 21st Century , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polynesia/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/history , Salmonella enterica/drug effects , Salmonella enterica/genetics , SerogroupABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To review and highlight the unappreciated roles of eosinophils suggested by recent studies. DATA SOURCES: The literature, unpublished observations, and insights by the authors. STUDY SELECTIONS: Basic studies of mouse models and patient-based clinical studies of disease. RESULTS: Eosinophils are often thought of as destructive end-stage effector cells primarily linked to parasite host defense and dysregulated immune responses associated with allergic diseases, such as asthma. However, recent studies (ie, research focused on mechanisms of action and translational studies examining disease/inflammatory pathways) are suggesting far more complex roles for eosinophils. The goal of this review is 3-fold. (1) The authors examine the dynamic history of eosinophils and how physicians over time used this information to formulate defining hypotheses. Particular emphasis is placed on recent studies challenging the parochial view of host defense in favor of roles maintaining homeostasis through immune modulation and tissue remodeling/repair. (2) They discuss diagnostic approaches to assess eosinophils in clinical settings as a means of disease identification and subsequently as a measurement of disease severity. (3) They examine how contemporary views of eosinophils and their perceived roles in diseases have led to specific therapeutic strategies. The emphasis is to review the successes and failures of these strategies as the basis of formulating future clinical studies targeting eosinophils as potential therapies of disease. CONCLUSION: Despite the complexities of eosinophil-mediated activities and the less than overwhelming success of initial attempts targeting these cells, eosinophils remain a potentially important focal target of disease diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategies.
Subject(s)
Asthma/immunology , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Enteritis/immunology , Eosinophilia/immunology , Eosinophils/immunology , Gastritis/immunology , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/immunology , Animals , Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/history , Asthma/pathology , Cell Movement/drug effects , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Atopic/history , Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology , Enteritis/drug therapy , Enteritis/history , Enteritis/pathology , Eosinophilia/drug therapy , Eosinophilia/history , Eosinophilia/pathology , Eosinophils/drug effects , Eosinophils/pathology , Gastritis/drug therapy , Gastritis/history , Gastritis/pathology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/drug therapy , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/history , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/pathology , Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors , Interleukin-5/immunology , Leukocyte Count , Receptors, Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Interleukin-5/immunologySubject(s)
Clostridium Infections/history , Enteritis/history , Animals , Clostridium perfringens , Enteritis/pathology , History, 20th Century , Humans , Necrosis , Papua New Guinea , SwineABSTRACT
En este articulo revisamos la historia de las manifestaciones gastrointestinales en el Lupus Eritematoso Sistemico desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros dias, recorriendo cada uno de los organos involucrados en este sistema y haciendo especial mencion de la gastropatia, enteritis, ileitis, sindrome de malabsorcion, vasculitis y vasculopatia intestinal, trombosis mesenterica, pancreatitis, ascitis, peritonitis, hepatitis autoinmune, entre otros
Subject(s)
Ascites/history , Ascites/pathology , Enteritis/history , Enteritis/pathology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/history , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology , Ileitis/history , Ileitis/pathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/history , Pancreatitis/history , Pancreatitis/pathology , Peritonitis/history , Peritonitis/pathology , Malabsorption Syndromes/history , Malabsorption Syndromes/pathology , Stomach Diseases/history , Stomach Diseases/pathology , Vasculitis/history , Vasculitis/pathologyABSTRACT
La diarrea en México es una de las causas más importantes de mortalidad y morbilidad en menores de 5 años desde 1922, alternándose con infecciones respiratorias agudas. Problemas propios del subdesarrollo originan tales resultados. La evolución de la mortalidad general por gastroenteritis México 1922-1985, refiriendo algunos datos: en 1922: 50,170 defunciones, 347.3 tasa por 100 mil habitantes; 1942: 93,733 defunciones, tasa 449.2; 1952: 68,593 defunciones, tasa 250.3; 1962: 54,411 muertes, tasa 141.2; 1972: 66,898 defunciones, tasa de 123.4 y 1985: 27,233 muertes, tasa por 100 mil hab. 34.9. Mortalidad por enteritis y enfermedades diarreícas en 1968: 46,037 en población general, 37,835 infantil (78//respecto de la población general) y 1985: 27,233 defunciones de las cuales 19,434 fueron de menores de 5 años (71//respecto de la población general). Por lo que toca a mortalidad por amibiasis, hubo en 1960, 899 defunciones con una tasa de 2.3 por 100 mil habitantes, en 1970 se registraron 2,565 defunciones y la tasa fue de 5.2 y en 1981, con tasa de 2.3, 1,684 defunciones. Aunque en las estadísticas no se distinguen los porcentajes de las zonas rural o urbana, es de esperarse -por su misma situación- que la mortalidad y morbilidad sean mayores en la zona rural
