ABSTRACT
Introducció. Lenuresi és un trastorn greu, per la gran prevalença i la repercussió que té sobre la qualitat de vida dels pacients i les seves famílies. Al llarg de la història shan emprat diferents teràpies, i fins avui no es disposa duna solució definitiva. Objectiu. Examinar levolució del concepte denuresi, les causes atribuïdes i els tractaments aplicats des de les primeres referències fins a lactualitat. Mètode. Revisió bibliogràfica del concepte, les causes atribuïdes i els tractaments aplicats contra lenuresi, estructurada en etapes històriques. Resultats. Al llarg de la història shan donat diferents explicacions sobre lorigen de lenuresi, des de la invasió del cos per animals fins a càstigs divins o debilitat de lindividu. La ciència ha descartat diferents teories fins a conèixer els veritables mecanismes fisiopatològics, dels quals encara queden molts aspectes per aclarir. Al llarg dels segles shan aplicat càstigs, shan elaborat pocions màgiques, dispositius complexos que inhibeixen la micció, teràpies conductuals, intervencions quirúrgiques i tractaments tòpics i sistèmics. També les alarmes denuresi evolucionen, des de les que aplicaven descàrregues elèctriques fins a les actuals que desperten el pacient mitjançant senyals acústics o vibratoris. Conclusions. Els tractaments aplicats per a lenuresi al llarg de la història han estat relacionats amb el concepte de malaltia de cada època. Conèixer els mecanismes fisiopatològics ha permès trobar tractaments efectius que han millorat la qualitat de vida dels enurètics. Avançar en aquest coneixement és clau per trobar la solució definitiva. (AU)
Introducción. La enuresis es un trastorno grave por su gran prevalencia y repercusión sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. A lo largo de la historia se han utilizado diferentes terapias y, hasta hoy, no se dispone de solución definitiva. Objetivo. Examinar la evolución del concepto, causas atribuidas y tratamientos aplicados para la enuresis, desde las primeras referencias hasta la actualidad. Método. Revisión bibliográfica del concepto, las causas atribuidas y tratamientos aplicados contra la enuresis, estructurada en etapas históricas. Resultados. A lo largo de la historia se han dado diferentes explicaciones sobre el origen de la enuresis, desde la invasión del cuerpo por animales hasta castigos divinos o debilidad del individuo. Diferentes teorías han sido descartadas por la ciencia hasta el conocimiento de los verdaderos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, de los cuales aún quedan muchos aspectos por aclarar. A lo largo de los siglos se han aplicado castigos, se han elaborado pociones mágicas, complejos dispositivos que inhiben la micción, terapias conductuales, intervenciones quirúrgicas y tratamientos tópicos y sistémicos. También las alarmas de enuresis evolucionan, desde las que aplicaban descargas eléctricas hasta las actuales que despiertan al paciente mediante señales acústicas o vibratorias. Conclusiones. Los tratamientos aplicados para la enuresis a lo largo de la historia se han relacionado con el concepto de enfermedad de cada época. Conocer los mecanismos fisiopatológicos ha permitido encontrar tratamientos efectivos que han mejorado la calidad de vida de los enuréticos. Avanzar en este conocimiento es clave para hallar la solución definitiva. (AU)
Background. Enuresis is a severe disorder because of its high frequency and impact on the quality of life of affected children and their families. Although until today there is no established treatment for enuresis, diverse therapies have been applied over history. Objective. To examine the historic evolution of the concept, presumed causes, and treatments of enuresis from first references until today. Method. Bibliographical review of presumed causes and treatments applied in the treatment of enuresis, structured in historical stages. Results. Throughout history, enuresis has been considered as the invasion of human body by animals, divine punishments, or weakness. Different theories have been rejected by science until the knowledge of the true pathophysiological mechanisms. Punishments, potions and magic, complex devices inhibiting the urination, behavioral therapies, surgical trials, and topical and systemic treatments have been applied throughout history. In addition, different alarm systems have been used, evolving from applying electric shocks to wake patients by acoustic or vibrating signals. Conclusions. Treatments applied in the management of enuresis throughout the centuries have been closely related to the understanding of its cause over time. Knowing the pathophysiological mechanisms has made it possible to find effective treatments that have improved the quality of life of affected children. However, to establish a definitive treatment for enuresis, it is necessary to advance in the understanding the diverse mechanisms involved in its etiopathogenesis. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Enuresis/diagnosis , Enuresis/history , Enuresis/physiopathology , Enuresis/therapy , History of MedicineABSTRACT
Bedwetting has confounded the presumed boundaries of the human body, existing in a fluid space, between the normal and pathological, its treatment has demanded the application of a wide array of different technologies, each based on a distinct conception of the relationship between the body and personality, human organs and personal conduct. In tracing the social history of bedwetting and its regulation, this article examines the ontological assumptions underpinning the treatment of bedwetting and how they have changed over the past two centuries. Through the analysis of medical journals, newspaper articles and magazine advertisements, different topologies are identified which redefine the boundaries of the human body and its capacities. From 16th-century naturalism, in which the human body is subordinated to a cosmic totality, to the circumscribed space of 19th-century paediatrics and the expansive circuits of behavioural psychology and modern psychoanalysis, the body has become multiplied, differently enacted through the application of diverse technologies. It was be shown how coordinating the messy and divergent conceptions of the human body has posed an endemic problem for the human sciences, and how the enduring tension between object enactment and subject constitution is an expression of modern "baroque" subjectivity.
Subject(s)
Human Body , Nocturnal Enuresis , Pediatrics , Personality , Psychology , Social Behavior , Advertising/history , Enuresis/ethnology , Enuresis/history , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Journalism, Medical/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Nocturnal Enuresis/ethnology , Nocturnal Enuresis/history , Pediatrics/education , Pediatrics/history , Psychoanalysis/education , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychology/education , Psychology/history , Social Behavior/historyABSTRACT
The goal of the investigation was studying Georgian medicinal manuscripts of X-XVIII centuries in order to find out ideas of ancient authors regarding peculiarities of healthy lifestyle from the moment of birth till the elderly age. Results of analysis of Georgian medieval medicinal manuscripts allow us to conclude, that Caucasian longevity is determined not only by genetic, ecological, social and hygiene factors, but also by rational diet, proper treatment, remedies of plant origin and healthy lifestyle, existing in Caucasian cultural anthropology. Original schemes of diets and recipes, based on humoral theory and balanced by main characteristics of natural material are described.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Hypertension/history , Hypertension/therapy , Kidney Diseases/history , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Medicine, Traditional/history , Urinary Bladder Diseases/history , Urinary Bladder Diseases/therapy , Enuresis/history , Enuresis/therapy , Georgia (Republic) , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Quality of Life/psychologySubject(s)
Child Development , Child Welfare , Enuresis , Pediatrics , Social Problems , Child , Child Behavior/ethnology , Child Behavior/physiology , Child Behavior/psychology , Child Development/physiology , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Preschool , Enuresis/ethnology , Enuresis/history , Enuresis/psychology , France/ethnology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Pediatrics/economics , Pediatrics/education , Pediatrics/history , Pediatrics/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychology/education , Psychology/history , Psychology, Child/economics , Psychology, Child/education , Psychology, Child/history , Psychology, Child/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Problems/economics , Social Problems/ethnology , Social Problems/history , Social Problems/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Problems/psychology , Social Values/ethnology , Toilet TrainingSubject(s)
Enuresis/history , Enuresis/etiology , Enuresis/genetics , History, 20th Century , Humans , HungaryABSTRACT
Revision on enuresis, its etiopathogenic theories, repercussion on society and the family as well as of the various therapeutical methods used throughout history since the first description in the Ebers Papyrus in 15500 B.C. until the present times.
Subject(s)
Enuresis/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , HumansSubject(s)
Enuresis/history , Female , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Enuresis/history , Adult , Child , Europe , Female , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , United StatesSubject(s)
Enuresis/history , Medicine, Traditional , Child , Child, Preschool , Enuresis/therapy , Europe , Female , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , Toilet TrainingABSTRACT
The harmless, inexpensive, and effective method of treating enuresis (bed-wetting) described in this paper was developed more than forty years ago, yet dangerous, brutal, and ineffective methods of toilet training continue to be widely used. This article has therefore been prepared, not only because of historical considerations, but also in the hope of substantially increasing its usage, with benefit to enuretic children (adolescents, even some adults) and their families, far and wide. This article is not copyrighted, and the simple apparatus required for the type of training here described is not patented.
Subject(s)
Enuresis/therapy , Child , Connecticut , Enuresis/history , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
Enuresis is not a disease, but rather a benign clinical disorder that is very common in young children. In considering the many facets of enuresis, physicians caring for children with this disorder should always remember the dictum "Primum non nocere". Most children with enuresis will be found to have primary enuresis, that is, no organic disease or psychopathology will be found. Physicians should proceed cautiously and should avoid costly, harmful and unnecessary workups. Treatment of few disorders is more dependent on the art and skill of clinical medicine than that of childhood enuresis. All of the physician's talents and compassionate nature enter into the proper evaluation of and therapy for this disorder. Physicians must keep in mind the high spontaneous cure rate. This factor alone should encourage them to be extremely optimistic about the outcome of enuresis in their pateints.
