Efecto antiurolitiásico de una formulación de las plantas Herniaria glabra, Agropyron repens, Equisetum arvense y Sambucus nigra (Herbensurina®) en un modelo experimental de nefrolitiasis en ratas / Antiurolithiasic effect of a plant mixture of Herniaria glabra, Agropyron repens, Equisetum arvense and Sambucus nigra (Herbensurina®) in the prevention of experimentally induced nephrolithiasis in rats

OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto preventivo sobre la litiasis renal de una formulación botánica formada por Herniaria glabra, Agropyron repens, Equisetum arvense y Sambucus nigra en un modelo experimental de nefrolitiasis en ratas. MÉTODOS: Seis grupos de animales con seis ratas Wistar macho cada uno fueron inducidos a nefrolitiasis mediante el tratamiento con etilenglicol (EG) 0,75% y cloruro de amonio 1% durante tres días y posteriormente con EG durante 15 días más. Un grupo fue tratado con placebo (grupo control) y los otros grupos (grupos tratados) fueron tratados con 30 mg/Kg, 60 mg/Kg, 125 mg/Kg, 250 mg/kg y 500 mg/Kg de la formulación de extractos de plantas (FEP). Se midió el volumen de agua ingerida y de orina excretada durante 24 h en diferentes días del experimento y se determinó la diuresis, cristaluria y bioquímica. Se realizó el análisis histológico del riñón. La caracterización fitoquímica de la FEP se realizó mediante técnicas cromatográficas. RESULTADO: La cantidad de depósitos de cristales de oxalato de calcio (OxCa) de los animales tratados con 125 mg/Kg de la FEP y el número de microcalcificaciones en todos los grupos tratados con la FEP fue menor comparado con el grupo control, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas (d. e. s.). La presencia de fibrosis subcapsular fue mayor en el grupo control que en los grupos tratados (d. e. s.). La diuresis de los grupos tratados con 125 mg/Kg y 500 mg/Kg de la FEP fue mayor que la del grupo control (d. e. s.). El análisis fitoquímico demostró la presencia de flavonoides, ácidos dicarboxílicos y saponinas. CONCLUSIONES: La administración de la FEP previene la formación de cristales de OxCa y de microcalcificaciones en el riñón y disminuye el riesgo de fibrosis subcapsular renal. La dosis de 125 mg/Kg de la FEP es la que presenta un mayor efecto sobre los parámetros estudiados

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a botanical formulation of Herniaria glabra, Agropyron repens, Equisetum arvense, and Sambucus nigra as a preventive agent in an experimentally induced nefrolithiasis model in rats. METHODS: Six groups of six Wistar male rats each were induced for nefrolithiasis by treatment with 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 1% ammonium chloride for three days and then EG only for 15 days. One group was treated with placebo (control group) and the other groups (treated groups) were treated with 30 mg/Kg, 60 mg/Kg, 125 mg/Kg, 250 mg/Kg and 500 mg/Kg of the plant extract formulation (PEF). 24-h urine and water samples were collected one day before EG administration and at 7, 13 and 18 days to determine diuresis, crystalluria and urine biochemistry. The kidneys were removed for histological analysis. The phytochemical characterization of PEF and each of its component plant extracts was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Animals treated with 125 mg/Kg of the PEF had statistically significantly lower calcium oxalate crystals deposits content compared to the control group. All PEF doses statistically significantly decreased the number of microcalcifications compared to the control group. Furthermore, the number of kidneys affected by subcapsular fibrosis was statistically significantly higher in control group than in treated groups with the PEF. The diuresis of the 125 mg/Kg and 500 mg/Kg PEF-treated groups was statistically significantly higher than that of the control group. A phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, dicarboxylic acids and saponins. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with PEF prevents deposits of calcium oxalate crystals formation and of microcalcifications in the kidney, and reduces the risk of fibrosis subcapsular. 125 mg/Kg of PEF is the dose that has a greater effect on the studied parameters

Ensaio de citotoxicidade de extratos naturais após determinação da concentração microbicida mínima para Staphylococcus spp., streptococcus mutans e candida spp / Cytotoxicity of natural extracts after determination of Minimum Microbicide Concentration for Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp

A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e citotoxicidade dos extratos vegetais de Equisetum arvense L. (cavalinha), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (alcaçuz), Punica granatum L. (romã) e Stryphnodendron barbatimam Mart. (barbatimão). A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos vegetais foi analisada em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata e Candida tropicalis, sendo uma ATCC e nove clínicas, através do teste de micro diluição em caldo, contudo para se determinar a Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM) dos extratos foram feitas semeaduras do conteúdo dos poços das placas de microdiluição. A citotoxicidade das CMM dos extratos naturais foi verificada pelo método colorimétrico MTT e pela quantificação da produção de citocinas IL-1β e TNF-α pelo teste ELISA, para tanto, fora mutilizadas culturas celulares de macrófagos de camundongos (RAW264.7). Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA complementado por Tukey, com significância de 5%. Para o extrato de cavalinha, romã e barbatimão foi determinada como CMM efetiva para todas as cepas a concentração de 50 mg/mL e para o extrato de alcaçuz 100 mg/mL. Quanto à citotoxicidade destas concentrações, pelo método MTT, foi observada redução significativa da viabilidade celular (p≤0,05), em relação ao grupo controle, para 48% no grupo tratado com cavalinha, 79% para alcaçuz, 76% para romã e 86% para barbatimão. Em relação à quantificação de IL-1β, os grupos tratados com extratos de alcaçuz e cavalinha exibiram semelhanças ao grupo controle(p≥0,05) com produção de 1,99 e 1,32 pg/mL respectivamente, contudo o grupo tratado com extrato de barbatimão produziu 3,98 pg/mL (p<0,05) e o grupo que recebeu tratamento com extrato de romã a produção foi de 7,72 pg/mL (p<0,01), diferindo significativamente do grupo controle (2,20pg/mL)...

The objective of this study was to verify the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Equisetum arvense L. (horsetail), Glycyrrhiza glabra L.(licorice), Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) and Stryphnodendron barbatimam Mart. (barbatimam) glycolic extracts. The antimicrobial activityof the extracts was analyzed in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis strains, being one ATCC and nine clinics through the method of microdilution in broth according to NCCLS. It was realized sowing of the contents from the well of microdilution plate, after incubation,for determination of MMC of the natural extracts. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated for MTT assay, having as an experimental model cultivation of mice macrophages (RAW 264.7), and through the ELISAtest, for cytokyne quantification IL-1β and TNF-α produced by the cellular cultivation after a period of 24 hours exposed to the extracts MMC.The results were subordinated to statistical analisys (ANOVA and Turkeytest), with p≤0,05. Related to the antimicrobial activity, the natural extracts of horsetail, pomegranate and barbatimam eliminated all the strains to the concentration of 50 mg/mL and the natural extract of licorice promoted the eliimination of 100 mg/mL. Regarding to the cellular viability of the active MMC for the 100% of strains, it was observed meaningful reduction(p<0,01) in all the natural extracts compared to the control group, and, asa result, horsetail exhibited an average of 48%; licorice, 79%; pomegranate, 76%; e barbatimam, 86%. As the production of cytokyne the pomegranate extract presented production of IL-1β (7,72 pg/mL) significantly superior to the other groups, including the control (p<0,05). The barbatimam extract exhibited an intermediate average value of IL-1β(3,98 pg/mL), being statistically different of the other groups (p<0,01)...

Metals, silica and AHS content of equisetum bogotense HBK and equisetum giganteum L.(HORSETAIL) / Metales

Sio2, Li,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Fe,Pb, and ash content in equisetum bogotense HBK and equisetum giganteum L.(equisetaceae) in aerial parts were determined. These plants are used in natural and homoeopathic medice because of their therapeutic properties