Efficacy of domperidone gel in an induced model of fescue toxicosis in periparturient mares.

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of domperidone in the prevention of reproductive complications of fescue toxicosis in periparturient mares. Pregnant mares at ≤310 days of gestation were fed ≥200 µg ergovaline per kg diet daily in endophyte-infected fescue hay and seed, starting ≥30 days before their expected foaling date (EFD: 340 days after breeding). Thirty-five mares were randomized to a treatment group to receive either domperidone gel (n = 20, 1.1 mg/kg, PO, once daily) or placebo (n = 15). Treatment was initiated 10 to 15 days before the EFD and continued for 5 days after foaling. "Treatment success" was defined as foaling within 14 days of the EFD, adequate mammary development on the day of foaling, and adequate lactation for 5 days postpartum. Twenty-seven mares were included in the effectiveness analysis. More mares in the domperidone group (12/13, P < 0.0001) were treatment successes than in the control group (1/14). Gestation length was shorter (P = 0.0011), and lactation at foaling (P = 0.0011) was better for the domperidone-group mares. Foals from two control mares were born dead and four others died or were euthanized within a few days after birth, compared with one foal death (an autolyzed twin) from a domperidone-treated mare. Plasma IgG concentrations were evaluated in 24 foals. Failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins (IgG <800 mg/dL) occurred in 13/16 (81%) foals of domperidone-group mares and 7/8 (88%) foals of control mares. In conclusion, the reproductive complications of fescue toxicosis in periparturient mares induced by a fescue seed/hay model were prevented by treatment with domperidone.

Isquemia periférica tras intoxicación crónica por ergóticos / Peripheral ischaemia after chronic ergot poisoning

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Oclusão arterial aguda por derivados da ergotamina / Acute arterial occlusion caused by ergotamine derivatives

Os derivados da ergotamina compõem diversas drogas amplamente utilizadas no tratamento de ataques agudos de migrânea. A intoxicação por estas substâncias resulta geralmente de sua administração crônica, promovendo sintomas secundários ao espasmo arterial e à consequente isquemia distal. Neste artigo, é relatado o caso de uma paciente de 47 anos com diagnóstico de oclusão arterial aguda em membros inferiores secundária ao uso de derivados da ergotamina. Após a suspensão da droga e a prescrição de anticoagulantes, vasodilatadores e antiagregante plaquetário, a paciente evoluiu com melhora da dor, da parestesia e com o retorno da coloração normal e dos pulsos distais em membros inferiores.

Ergotamine derivatives include several drugs widely used in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Intoxication by these substances generally results from chronic administration, promoting symptoms secondary to arterial spasm and the consequent distal ischemia. The authors report the case of a 47-year old patient with acute arterial occlusion in lower limbs secondary to the use of ergotamine derivatives. After drugs were suspended and anticoagulants, vasodilators and antiplatelet drugs were prescribed, the patient progressed with improvement of pain, paresthesia and return of normal skin color and distal pulses in lower limbs.

Acute limb ischemia due to ergotism.

Acute ischemia of an extremity potentially threatens limb loss and occasionally the life of the patient. We are reporting two cases of extremity ischemia secondary to ergot poisoning. The first patient was a 60 years old woman, who presented with a 15 days history of ischemia of the left arm with gangrene of the fingers and pain in the resting right hand for one day. Right brachial artery catheterization showed severe spasm of the artery which was resolved by passage of the inflated balloon catheter. She underwent amputation for gangrene of the left hand. The second patient presented with bilateral symmetrical ischemia of the lower extremities which improved upon withdrawal of the ergot containing medicine. She responded to nifedipine.

[Ergotism. A case report and review of the literature]. / Ergotismo. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía.

INTRODUCTION: Ergotism is characterised by an intensive generalised vasoconstriction of small and large blood vessels. The symptoms derive from the regional ischemia caused by the vasospasm produced by ergotamine. Nowadays, ergotism is almost exclusively due to the excessive ingestion of ergotamine tartrate used in the treatment of migraine. The main treatment consists in withdrawing the medication. CASE REPORT: Our study involves a 53-year-old male with a history of migraine since his youth, who was treated with ergotaminic preparations up until the day before admission to hospital. He was admitted because of a 7-day history of symptoms including bilateral and symmetrical anaesthesia of the fingers and a general feeling of weakness, associated with intense pain and cyanosis of the right thenar eminence. On admission, it was not possible to measure his AT in the upper limbs and his peripheral pulses dropped in a generalised manner. Aetiologies involving vasculitis were ruled out. An angiography study showed segmented stenosis of arteries in the upper and lower limbs. Ergotaminic agents were withdrawn and nifedipine was indicated. The symptoms disappeared, the physical examination was normal and results of a control angiography study were also normal. CONCLUSIONS: Ergotamine intoxication can be detected by a thorough interview and physical examination; it should be suspected when faced with symptoms that are compatible with vasospasms and a history of ingestion of the drug, in the absence of any prothrombotic, liver, kidney or vasculitic pathology. This condition is treated by withdrawing the drug and administration of vasodilators if the symptoms are intense. In this paper, we review the history, pathophysiology, initial symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment of ergotamine poisoning.

Ergotismo. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Ergotism. A case report and review of the literature

Introducción. El ergotismo se caracteriza por una intensa y generalizada vasoconstricción de los vasos sanguíneos pequeños y grandes. Los síntomas resultan de la isquemia regional causada por el vasoespasmo que produce la ergotamina. En la actualidad, el ergotismo resulta casi exclusivamente de la ingesta excesiva de tartrato de ergotamina para el tratamiento de la migraña. El principal tratamiento es la suspensión del fármaco. Caso clínico. Se trata de un hombre de 53 años con historia de migraña desde su juventud, tratada con ergotamínicos hasta un día antes de su ingreso. Ingresó por manifestaciones de siete días de evolución, con anestesia bilateral y simétrica de los dedos de las manos y sensación de debilidad generalizada, asociados a dolor intenso y cianosis de la eminencia tenar derecha. Cuando ingresó no fue posible medir la tensión arterial en las extremidades superiores, y sus pulsos periféricos estaban disminuidos de manera generalizada. Se descartaron etiologías de vasculitis. Una angiografía mostró estenosis segmentaria de las arterias en las extremidades superiores e inferiores. Se suspendieron los ergotamínicos y se indicó nifedipina. La sintomatología desapareció, la exploración física fue normal y una angiografía de control fue normal. Conclusiones. La intoxicación por ergotamina puede detectarse mediante un interrogatorio y exploración física completos; se debe sospechar ante manifestaciones compatibles con vasoespasmo y el antecedente de ingesta del fármaco, en ausencia de patología protrombótica o vasculítica, hepatopatía o nefropatía. El tratamiento del cuadro es con suspensión del fármaco, y vasodilatadores si las manifestaciones son intensas. En este artículo se revisa la historia, fisiopatología, síntomas y signos de presentación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la intoxicación por ergotamina

Introduction. Ergotism is characterised by an intensive generalised vasoconstriction of small and large blood vessels. The symptoms derive from the regional ischemia caused by the vasospasm produced by ergotamine. Nowadays, ergotism is almost exclusively due to the excessive ingestion of ergotamine tartrate used in the treatment of migraine. The main treatment consists in withdrawing the medication. Case report. Our study involves a 53-year-old male with a history of migraine since his youth, who was treated with ergotaminic preparations up until the day before admission to hospital. He was admitted because of a 7-day history of symptoms including bilateral and symmetrical anaesthesia of the fingers and a general feeling of weakness, associated with intense pain and cyanosis of the right thenar eminence. On admission, it was not possible to measure his AT in the upper limbs and his peripheral pulses dropped in a generalised manner. Aetiologies involving vasculitis were ruled out. An angiography study showed segmented stenosis of arteries in the upper and lower limbs. Ergotaminic agents were withdrawn and nifedipine was indicated. The symptoms disappeared, the physical examination was normal and results of a control angiography study were also normal. Conclusions. Ergotamine intoxication can be detected by a thorough interview and physical examination; it should be suspected when faced with symptoms that are compatible with vasospasms and a history of ingestion of the drug, in the absence of any prothrombotic, liver, kidney or vasculitic pathology. This condition is treated by withdrawing the drug and administration of vasodilators if the symptoms are intense. In this paper, we review the history, pathophysiology, initial symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment of ergotamine poisoning

[Chronic ergotism: spinal lesion and neuropathy]. / Ergotisme chronique: atteinte médullaire et mononeuropathie.

INTRODUCTION: Neuropathologic manifestations due to chronic ergotism are rare. OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 40-year-old patient who presented clinical signs and symptoms of a spinal lesion and also the symptoms of neuropathy involving the right sciatic nerve, more precisely the internal and external popliteal nerves, following ingestion of methysergide. Complete recovery was achieved with calcium blocker treatment. CONCLUSION: Ergotism should be considered in patients treated by ergot alkaloids presenting an atypical clinical manifestations.

[Multifocal brain haemorrhage associated with migraine and medication abuse]. / Hemorragia cerebral multifocal asociada a migraña y abuso de fármacos.

INTRODUCTION: Although ischemic stroke is a well known complication of migraine, cerebral hemorrhage has been uncommonly reported. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with a long history of headache and abuse of ergotamine and antiinflamatory drugs who was admitted for generalized seizures, right hemiparesis and coma. An early brain CT scan showed multiple cortico-subcortical hemorrhages localized amongst others on right frontal, left parietal, and posterior left temporo parietal regions. In the previous two years she had increased the doses on medications containing 1 mg of ergotamine and 500 mg of dipirone consuming two to six tablets a day, and 500 to 1,500 mg of aspirin a day too. Although she exceeded the maximum ergot cumulative doses allowed of 10 mg per week, it cannot be considered a typical nor a pure manifestation of ergotism. When other possible causes of stroke were excluded, the association of migraine with the protracted vasoconstriction of ergotamine, able per se to damage the capillary endothelium, and an altered local hemostasis induced by aspirin remained as the most probable mechanism of brain bleeding. After discharge she had no motor sequelae and she could return to her usual work. A neuropsychological assessment done four months later showed subclinical cognitive deficits depending on an abnormal frontal functioning. CONCLUSION: This life-threatening and potentially disabling complication must stress to physicians about the risks of ergotamine plus aspirin abuse, drawing their efforts to prevent, to recognize and to control the propensity to self medication of some patients with daily headaches.

Methylergometrine poisoning in children: review of 34 cases.

Methylergometrine is often used in the management of the third stage of labor and for treatment of prevention of puerperal hemorrhage. Intoxication in newborns is rare but may lead to severe complications. We reviewed 34 cases of methylergometrine poisoning that occurred in Belgium between 1969 and 1999. Fourteen patients were newborns and 20 were older children. Twenty-nine patients were exposed by the oral route, 3 by the intranasal route, and 2 by the intramuscular route. Oral exposure was associated mostly with gastrointestinal symptoms, but one newborn required mechanical ventilation for apnea. Intramuscular exposure was associated with severe complications, including apnea, coma, and convulsions. We describe the first case of oral methylergometrine poisoning requiring mechanical ventilation and alert physicians that oral exposure to methylergometrine may lead to severe complications.

Claudicación intermitente en el adulto joven: arteriopatía no arteriosclerótica / Intermittent claudication in young adults: non-arteriosclerotic arteriopathy

Objetivo. La claudicación intermitente en el adulto joven (CIAJ) de etiología no arteriosclerótica es una entidad poco frecuente, lo que provoca, en muchas ocasiones, retrasos diagnósticos en pacientes generalmente activos, con la consiguiente incapacidad y pérdida de productividad. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los distintos procesos no arterioscleróticos que pueden provocar claudicación intermitente (CIN) en este grupo de pacientes, y hacer hincapié en sus características diferenciales. Desarrollo. Se describen las patologías no arterioscleróticas que pueden producir CIAJ; se considera adulto joven aquel con menos de 40 años de edad. Se excluyen las vasculitis, debido a su afectación sistémica, con excepción de la tromboangitis obliterante y la enfermedad de Takayasu, por presentarse, en muchas ocasiones, únicamente con claudicación. Se incluyen las anomalías del desarrollo embriológico: atrapamiento poplíteo (AP), enfermedad quística adventicial y arteria ciática persistente; las estenosis y obstrucciones de la aorta abdominal: coartación aórtica, hipoplasia aórtica y enfermedad de Takayasu; las lesiones arteriales de los deportistas: AP funcional, síndrome del canal de los aductores, disección de la ilíaca externa, endofibrosis de la ilíaca externa y síndrome compartimental crónico; el ergotismo; la tromboangitis obliterante; y otras: displasia fibromuscular, obstrucción traumática y arteritis actínicas. Conclusiones. El conocimiento de las distintas causas de CIN no arteriosclerótica en el adulto joven evita demoras diagnósticas y permite un tratamiento precoz, lo que facilita la reincorporación temprana de este grupo de pacientes a su actividad habitual (AU)

St. Anthony's fire (ergotamine induced leg ischemia)--a case report and review of the literature.

Ergotism, once an epidemic disease, is now a rare disorder. The most common manifestation is acute peripheral ischemia due to vasospasm, with an incidence of 0.001%. We report a case of a middle-age woman who presented with ergotamine-induced leg ischemia, due to chronic use of ergotamine-containing medications for migraine headaches. The diagnosis was confirmed with arteriography results, and she responded well to vasodilator therapy. The pharmacology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and therapy of ergotism are reviewed.