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3.
Clin Ter ; 175(3): 96-97, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767066

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Recent events have brought the debate on end-of-life issues to the forefront, particularly regarding the principle of self-determination for depressed patients. Belgian legislation, in fact, allows for requesting euthanasia when patients, capable of expressing their own will consciously, suffer in an unbearable manner and find no meaning in continuing their existence, even in the absence of incurable and/or severely debilitating conditions. The state of the art is an increasing number of people who die from euthanasia. An open question is when a situation can be defined as unbearable. Moreover, does such an assessment necessarily lead to death, or are there other solutions? In our opinion, such a practice should be limited to prevent inappropriate applications that could lead to infringing depressed patients' rights.


Subject(s)
Depression , Humans , Depression/psychology , Depression/etiology , Terminal Care/psychology , Personal Autonomy , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Belgium , Patient Rights
4.
J Pak Med Assoc ; 74(5): 1022-1025, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38783466

ABSTRACT

Euthanasia is categorically prohibited in Pakistan by Islamic law, but a clash of opinions among doctors and human rights advocates still prevails. As a result, medical students are becoming concerned about its practice and this problem needs to be addressed. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Faisalabad Medical University (FMU), Pakistan, from April 2023 to May 2023, using random sampling and statistical programme SPSS version 25, to assess the attitudes of medical students regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Despite the conditions and scenarios presented to the students, most of them expressed opposition to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide because of their religious beliefs and optimistic approach to life. Most of them favoured palliative care and passive euthanasia. Some students showed compliance with euthanasia even though it is equivalent to murder in Islam. Such contrasting results can baffle a physician to make wise decisions. Hence, it must be covered in medical curriculum in depth in order to help the future physicians clearly understand its practice under all circumstances.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Euthanasia , Students, Medical , Suicide, Assisted , Humans , Students, Medical/psychology , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Suicide, Assisted/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Euthanasia/psychology , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Pakistan , Male , Female , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Young Adult , Adult , Islam , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Bull Cancer ; 111(6): 554-565, 2024 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38458927

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The issue of end-of-life care is the subject of a sensitive debate in French society, particularly regarding the possibility for certain patients to have access to medical assistance in dying. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and opinion of healthcare providers on the care practices for patients at the end of life, as well as to highlight any specificities in their discourse. METHOD: A survey of healthcare providers' opinions, composed of closed and open questions, that were analyzed using a lexicometric approach, was distributed in a cancer center. RESULTS: The results of the study reveal a good knowledge of the different procedures. Professionals considered that advance directives should be systematically collected; a majority of them differentiated euthanasia from deep continuous sedation and perceived the latter as a means of relieving patients' suffering without inducing death. The different procedures related to the active assistance in dying were known by a majority of professionals and the survey did not identify a dominant trend concerning the will to practice euthanasia if the legal framework allowed it. Half of the participants considered their training insufficient, indicating the need to fill this gap. DISCUSSION: This survey underlines the importance of training and support for the professionals caring for patients in palliative situation and their relatives in France.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Cancer Care Facilities , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Palliative Care , Humans , France , Male , Female , Adult , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Middle Aged , Advance Directives , Terminal Care , Health Personnel/psychology , Deep Sedation , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Cuad. bioét ; 34(112): 325-330, sept.- dec. 2023.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-227022

ABSTRACT

La Ley Orgánica 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia, ha intensificado un duro de bate. A priori se trata de un conflicto de valores bioéticos y de una visión antropológica diferente entre las diferentes partes, sin embargo, no debemos olvidar que quizá antes de plantearse ningún debate se deba interpretar correctamente lo que el paciente realmente quiere cuando manifiesta que quiere morir. En nuestro sistema sanitario y en nuestra sociedad, hay ciertos rasgos y necesidades de la persona que son ignorados, y que requieren urgentemente, para el paciente, de atención. Descubrir el sentido de la propia vida, considerar la trascendencia humana, encontrar un orden personal y poder experimentar el amor, son elementos vitales de la vida, que en un momento tan crítico como es un sufrimiento de alto grado o una muerte inminente, requieren de toda la atención del personal sanitario. Todo ello puede contrastar fuer temente con los valores de nuestra sociedad, no dedicándosele la atención adecuada, entre otros motivos, por el esfuerzo que supone llevar a cabo una atención integral de este tipo, así, resulta mucho más sencillo realizar los trámites requeridos por la ley de regulación de la eutanasia que abordar carencias tan íntimas del ser, a pesar de que éstas puedan ser el verdadero problema del paciente, que en su dramática vivencia pide auxilio (AU)


Organic Law 3/2021, of March 24, regulating euthanasia, has intensified a harsh debate. A priori, it is a conflict of bioethical values and a different anthropological vision between the different parties, however, we must not forget that perhaps before considering any debate, it is necessary to correctly interpret what the patient really wants when he states that he wants to die. In our health system and in our society, there are certain traits and needs of the person that are ignored, and that urgently require attention for the patient. Discovering the meaning of one’s life, considering human transcendence, finding personal order and being able to experience love are vital elements of life, which at such a critical moment as high-grade suffering or imminent death, require all the attention of the health personnel. All this can contrast sharply with the values of our society, not dedicating adequate attention to it, among other reasons, due to the effort involved in carrying out comprehensive care of this type, thus making it much easier to carry out the procedures required by law regulation of euthanasia than addressing such intimate deficiencies of the being, despite the fact that these may be the real problem of the patient, who in his dramatic experience asks for help (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Euthanasia/ethics , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Integrative Medicine , Humanization of Assistance , Spain
9.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 223(10): 596-603, dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-228437

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo En junio de 2021 se produjo la entrada en vigor de la ley orgánica reguladora de la eutanasia (LORE). Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el conocimiento, implicación y repercusión de la LORE por parte de los médicos colegiados en España. Métodos Estudio descriptivo y con un diseño transversal mediante encuesta. La información se recogió mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. ResultadosLa encuesta fue respondida por 1.446 médicos colegiados en España. Características demográficas de la muestra: 54,7% eran mujeres, la edad media de los facultativos fue de 52±14, 66% trabajaba en un hospital y la comunidad autónoma con mayor número de participantes fue Cataluña con 44,6%. Por especialidades, anestesiología y reanimación, con 21,9%, fue la especialidad con mayor número de participantes, seguida por medicina familiar y comunitaria (18,5%). De los médicos, 24,3% afirmó conocer la LORE en detalle, 58% tenían una opinión favorable, y 31,1% habían tenido alguna experiencia cercana con el procedimiento eutanásico. Los facultativos que trabajaban dentro del ámbito hospitalario percibieron la ley de forma más favorable en comparación con los de medicina primaria (62,3 vs. 47,3%, p<0,01). Conclusione La gran mayoría de médicos no conocían la LORE, aunque estaban a favor de su existencia, sobre todo los de medicina hospitalaria. Aquellos con mayor percepción negativa de la LORE eran varones, de edad más avanzada y trabajadores de atención primaria. Una minoría se planteaba ser objetor de conciencia (A)


Background and aims The Organic Law Regulating Euthanasia (LORE, for its initials in Spanish) came into force in June 2021. This study aims to examine knowledge of the LORE among physicians licensed in Spain as well as their involvement with and the impact of the law. Methods This work is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted by means of a survey. Information was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. Results The survey was answered by 1446 physicians licensed in Spain. The sample's demographic characteristics were as follows: 54.7% were women, the mean age was 52±14 years, and 66.0% worked in a hospital. Catalonia was the autonomous community with the most participants (44.6%). Regarding specialties, anesthesiology and resuscitation had the highest number of participants (21.9%), followed by family and community medicine (18.5%). The LORE was known in detail by 24.3% of physicians, 58.0% had a positive opinion of it, and 31.1% had direct experience with the euthanasia procedure. Practitioners working in the hospital setting perceived the law more favorably compared to those in the primary care setting (62.3% vs. 47.3%, p<0.01). Conclusions Most doctors did not have in-depth knowledge of the LORE, although a majority supported its existence, particularly those in hospital medicine. Most physicians who viewed the LORE negatively were male, older, and worked in primary care. A minority of physicians considered registering as conscientious objectors (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Legislation as Topic , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain
10.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (59): 77-95, Nov. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-226615

ABSTRACT

El artículo pone en contexto las estadísticas de veinte años desde la despenalización de la eutanasia en Bélgica. En esta reconstrucción se analizan los aspectos centrales de la política, tales como su carácter democrático y la protección de la objeción de conciencia. A menudo discutido de forma aislada, este artículo plantea el fin de vida voluntario como parte de un programa paliativo que, a su vez, integra una visión más amplia, como se refleja en el paquete de regulaciones del año 2002. Además de delinear ciertas consecuencias deontológicas, entre otras, el artículo subraya el carácter excepcional de la eutanasia, limitándose a casos debidamente calificados de sufrimiento físico o psíquico, pero que de manera significativa reivindica el respecto de la autonomía de la persona. Con todo, el artículo invita a considerar códigos morales múltiples de cara a uno de los pocos eventos de los que tenemos certeza: la muerte.(AU)


L'article posa en context les estadístiques de vint anys des de la despenalització de l'eutanàsia a Bèlgica. En aquesta reconstrucció s'analitzen els aspectes centrals de la política, com el seu caràcter democràtic i la protecció de l'objecció de consciència. Sovint discutit de forma aïllada, aquest article planteja la fi de vida voluntària com a part d'un programa pal·liatiu que, al seu torn, integra una visió més àmplia, com es reflecteix en el paquet de regulacions de l'any 2002. A més de delinear certes conseqüències deontològiques, entre d'altres, l'article subratlla el caràcter excepcional de l'eutanàsia, limitant-se a casos degudament qualificats de patiment físic o psíquic, però que de manera significativa reivindica el respecte de l'autonomia de la persona. Amb tot, l'article convida a considerar codis morals múltiples de cara a un dels pocs esdeveniments dels quals tenim certesa: la mort.(AU)


The article brings into context the statistics of twenty years since the decriminalization of euthanasia in Belgium. In reconstructing this process, the central aspects of the policy are analysed, such as its democratic nature and the protection of conscientious objection. Often discussed in isolation, this article considers voluntary end of life as part of a palliative program that, in turn, integrates a broader vision, as reflected in the 2002 package of regulations. In addition to outlining some of its consequences, deontological and otherwise, the article underlines the exceptional use of euthanasia, limited to duly qualified cases of physical or mental suffering, but that it also significantly increases respect for the autonomy of the person. All in all, the article invites us to consider multiple moral codes in the face of one of the few events of which we are certain: death.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospice Care/ethics , Euthanasia/ethics , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics, Medical , Personal Autonomy , Patient Rights , Belgium , Bioethical Issues , Bioethics , Ethical Theory , Right to Die , Death
12.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (58): 129-146, Jul. 2023.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222832

ABSTRACT

Tras la regulación de la eutanasia emerge una problemática constitucional y bioética que revela las deficiencias, lagunas y conflictos jurídicos sin resolver por la LO 3/2021, de 24 de marzo (LORE). La desprotección de colectivos vulnerables, la huida de las garantías jurídicas convencionales y la lesividad de derechos fundamentales, entre otras razones, fundamentan la dimensión constitucional del derecho a morir. El control jurídico de la eutanasia se enfrenta en la actualidad a su construcción legal como derecho fundamental pese a la apariencia como derecho prestacional de “ayuda a morir”, en base a la conexión con el derecho a la vida, integridad física y moral, dignidad, libertad, intimidad (Exposición de Motivos LORE). Sin embargo, desde una perspectiva constitucional, resulta insatisfactoria la exclusión de menores y sujetos sin capacidad de su ámbito subjetivo y el riesgo de eludir la ponderación en conflicto con otros derechos al adoptar una jerarquía superior de hecho.(AU)


Després de la regulació de l'eutanàsia emergeix una problemàtica constitucional i bioètica que revela les deficiències, les llacunes i els conflictes jurídics sense resoldre per la LO 3/2021, de 24 de març (LORE). La desprotecció de col·lectius vulnerables, la fugida de les garanties jurídiques convencionals i la lesivitat de drets fonamentals, entre altres raons, fonamenten la dimensió constitucional del dret a morir. El control jurídic de l'eutanàsia s'enfronta actualment a la seva construcció legal com a dret fonamental malgrat l'aparença com a dret prestacional d'“ajuda a morir”, en base a la connexió amb el dret a la vida, integritat física i moral, dignitat , llibertat, intimitat (Exposició de Motius LORE). Tanmateix, des d'una perspectiva constitucional resulta insatisfactòria l'exclusió de menors i subjectes sense capacitat del seu àmbit subjectiu i el risc d'eludir la ponderació en conflicte amb altres drets en adoptar una jerarquia superior de fet.(AU)


After the legalization of euthanasia, a constitutional and bioethical problem emerges that reveals the deficiencies, gaps and legal conflicts unresolved by LO 3/2021, of March 24. The lack of protection of vulnerable groups, the flight from conventional legal guarantees and the harmfulness of fundamental rights, among other reasons, support the constitutional dimension of the right to die. The legal control of euthanasia currently faces its legal construction as a fundamental right despite the appearance as a right to "help to die", based on the connection with theright to life, physical and moral integrity, dignity, freedom, privacy (LORE Statement of Reasons). However, from a constitutional perspective, the exclusion of minors and subjects without capacity from their subjective sphere, and the risk of eluding theweighting in conflict with other rights by adopting a higher in fact hierarchy is unsatisfactory.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Euthanasia/ethics , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Right to Die , Human Rights , Civil Rights , Bioethics , Bioethical Issues , Spain/epidemiology
13.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 43(143)ene.-jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222782

ABSTRACT

Este artículo presenta una lectura situada a la Ley 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia, desde la perspectiva de una persona usuaria de servicios de salud mental. El análisis se hace desde el marco jurídico de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (CDPD), de Naciones Unidas, atendiendo especialmente a su artículo 12, de Igual reconocimiento como persona ante la ley. La lectura atiende a la adecuación (o no) del texto de la ley a la CDPD. En la discusión, se repasan los argumentos que se esgrimen desde la institución psiquiátrica no solo para oponerse al ejercicio de este nuevo derecho por parte de las personas psiquiatrizadas, sino también, por extensión, para perpetuar en el Estado español una situación de excepcionalidad jurídica en base a un criterio de trastorno mental. (AU)


This article presents a situated reading of Law 3/2021, of March 24, on the regulation of euthanasia, from the perspective of a mental health services' user. The analysis is made from the legal framework of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), of the United Nations, paying special attention to its article 12, Equal recognition before the Law. The reading is focused on the adequacy (or not) of the text of the Law to the CRPD. In the discussion, the arguments put forward by the psychiatric institution are reviewed not only to oppose the exercise of this new right by psychiatrized people, but also, by extension, to perpetuate in the Spanish State a situation of Legal Exceptionality based on a criterion of mental disorder. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychiatry , Disabled Persons , Mental Health Services
14.
BMC Med Ethics ; 24(1): 34, 2023 05 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37248520

ABSTRACT

We would like to respond to the article "Organ donation after euthanasia starting at home in a patient with multiple system atrophy Tajaâte et al., [2021] 22:120" on organ donation after euthanasia from home [ODEH]. Although we welcome the performance of ODEH, we would like to make some critical comments regarding the article, both in relation to factual inaccuracies and in terms of the vision expressed on this subject. In this letter we stress the protection of autonomy of vulnerable euthanasia patients, we contradict the assumption of illegality, we question if the anesthesia method utilized is optimal and correct a mistake in regard to an article to which is referred of ourselves.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Euthanasia , Multiple System Atrophy , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Humans , Netherlands , Belgium , Spain , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Canada
18.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 19(2): 327-338, 21 oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-212081

ABSTRACT

Los países que han optado por regular los Procesos Adelantados de Muerte (PAM) van en aumento en los últimos años. Este tipo de legislaciones implican directamente a los equipos sanitarios. Los psicólogos incluidos en estos equipos están en contacto con estos procesos, por lo que se torna imprescindible dilucidar, mediante la escasa literatura existente, si los PAM presentan variables diferenciales con otros procesos de muerte, que sean necesarias tener en cuenta durante la asistencia psicológica. Esta recopilación de literatura pretende plantear las diferencias que en la actualidad están contrastadas y plantear qué opciones de intervención psicológica están a nuestra disposición para realizar el acompañamiento a estas personas, sus cuidadores y los equipos sanitarios que los asisten. (AU)


The countries that have chosen to regulate advanced death processes (PAM) have been increasing in recent years. This type of legislation directly involves health teams. The psychologists included in these teams are in contact with these processes, so it becomes essential to elucidate, through the scarce existing literature, if the PAM present differential variables with other death processes, that it is necessary to take into account during psychological assistance. This compilation of literature aims to present the differences that are currently contrasted and to propose what psychological intervention options are available to us to carry out the accompaniment of these people, their caregivers and the health teams that assist them. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Euthanasia/psychology , Suicide, Assisted/psychology , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence
19.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 48(4): 166-174, Octubre - Diciembre 2022. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213685

ABSTRACT

La regulación de la eutanasia ha sido objeto de debate desde hace años, desde los campos de la medicina, el derecho y la bioética, y por tanto de la medicina legal, en la que estas 3 disciplinas convergen. En los últimos 30 años hemos vivido un proceso de despenalización y regulación en diferentes países del mundo. Actualmente la eutanasia y/o el suicidio asistido están regulados en 7 países: Holanda, Bélgica, Luxemburgo, Canadá, Colombia, Nueva Zelanda y España, así como en 11 estados de EE. UU.: Oregón, Washington, Montana, Vermont, California, Colorado, Hawai, Maine, Nueva Jersey, Nuevo México y el Distrito Federal de Columbia/Washington D.C., y en 2 estados de Australia: Estado de Victoria y Australia Occidental. En este trabajo de revisión realizamos un estudio sobre los aspectos más importantes de la nueva Ley Orgánica de Regulación de la Eutanasia en España comparando con el resto de los países en los que también tienen la regularización de la eutanasia y/o el suicidio asistido. (AU)


The regulation of euthanasia has been the subject of debate for years, from the fields of Medicine, Law and Bioethics, and therefore of Legal Medicine, in which these three disciplines converge. In the last thirty years we have experienced a process of decriminalization and regulation in different countries of the world. Currently euthanasia and/or assisted suicide are regulated in 7 countries: Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Canada, Colombia, New Zealand and Spain, as well as in 11 US states: Oregon, Washington, Montana, Vermont, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New Mexico and the Federal District of Columbia / Washington D.C, and in 2 states of Australia: State of Victoria and Western Australia. In this review work we carry out a study on the most important aspects of the new law of the regulation of euthanasia in Spain compared to the rest of the countries in which they also have the regularization of euthanasia and / or assisted suicide. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Spain , Benchmarking/legislation & jurisprudence
20.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 1662022 04 26.
Article in Dutch | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35499626

ABSTRACT

The practice of euthanasia in The Netherlands shows a gradual widening of patient categories who are considered to be eligible. The latest addition to this list consists of patients with dementia who are no longer mentally competent. They too may obtain euthanasia if they provided an Advance Euthanasia Directive stating their wish, at a time when they still were mentally competent. This possibility is explicitly mentioned in the law. A recent judgment by the Dutch Supreme Court upheld the action of a doctor who performed euthanasia under such circumstances. Dutch doctors tended to ignore this possibility, because it would lead to euthanasing persons who do not realize what is being done to them. The issue was explored in a survey amongst 422 Dutch GP's. A surprising 45,7% of doctors thinks it is acceptable if midazolam is administered in order to forego unworthy scenes at the time of the actual euthanasia. The author disapproves of these developments.


Subject(s)
Dementia , Euthanasia , Physicians , Humans , Advance Directives , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence
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