ABSTRACT
human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the major causative agent of exanthem subitum which is one of popular diseases in infant, and establishes latent infections in adults of more than 90%. Recently, the encephalitis caused by reactivated- HHV-6 has been shown in patients after transplantation. In addition, the relationship HHV-6 and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome has also been reported. human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) was isolated from the stimulated-peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy individual, and also causes exanthema subitum. Both viruses are related viruses which belong to betaherpesvirus subfamily, and replicate and produce progeny viruses in T cells.
Subject(s)
Exanthema Subitum , Herpesvirus 6, Human , Herpesvirus 7, Human , Adult , Exanthema Subitum/diagnosis , Exanthema Subitum/therapy , Exanthema Subitum/transmission , Exanthema Subitum/virology , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral , Genes, Viral/genetics , Genome, Viral/genetics , Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics , Herpesvirus 6, Human/immunology , Herpesvirus 6, Human/pathogenicity , Herpesvirus 6, Human/physiology , Herpesvirus 7, Human/genetics , Herpesvirus 7, Human/immunology , Herpesvirus 7, Human/pathogenicity , Herpesvirus 7, Human/physiology , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Immunity, Humoral , Infant , Membrane Cofactor Protein/physiology , Receptors, Virus/physiology , T-Lymphocytes/virology , Virion/pathogenicity , Virus Activation , Virus Integration , Virus LatencySubject(s)
Herpesvirus 6, Human/physiology , Herpesvirus 7, Human/physiology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Roseolovirus Infections/etiology , Adult , Child , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Exanthema Subitum/epidemiology , Exanthema Subitum/etiology , Exanthema Subitum/transmission , Exanthema Subitum/virology , France/epidemiology , Graft Rejection , Herpesvirus 6, Human/growth & development , Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 7, Human/growth & development , Herpesvirus 7, Human/isolation & purification , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Kidney/virology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/virology , Roseolovirus Infections/epidemiology , Roseolovirus Infections/transmission , Roseolovirus Infections/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Tissue Donors , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Transplants/virology , Virus ActivationABSTRACT
Placental transfer of maternal human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 and HHV 7 antibodies to infants was examined simultaneously in 69 paired plasma samples by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. All the mothers had antibodies to both viruses. The mean HHV 6 and HHV 7 antibody titers of infants were significantly higher than those of the mothers. The mean ratio of cord blood antibody titer to the maternal titer for both viruses was 1.89, suggesting active transport by placenta.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Fetal Blood/immunology , Herpesviridae Infections/congenital , Herpesviridae Infections/transmission , Herpesvirus 6, Human , Herpesvirus 7, Human , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology , Exanthema Subitum/blood , Exanthema Subitum/congenital , Exanthema Subitum/transmission , Female , Fetal Blood/virology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Herpesviridae Infections/blood , Herpesvirus 6, Human/immunology , Herpesvirus 7, Human/immunology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virologySubject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Exanthema Subitum/prevention & control , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 6, Human , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology , Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects , Virus Activation , Virus Latency , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , DNA, Viral/blood , Exanthema Subitum/etiology , Exanthema Subitum/transmission , Female , Herpesvirus 6, Human/growth & development , Herpesvirus 6, Human/immunology , Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 6, Human/physiology , Humans , Infant , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective Studies , Tissue Donors , Transfusion ReactionABSTRACT
The mode of transmission of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was investigated by molecular epidemiological techniques in four families. HHV-6 was isolated from the peripheral blood of seven infants with exanthem subitum, including siblings, and from the saliva of two mothers. These isolates were examined for genetic relatedness by means of restriction enzymes analysis of purified DNA. While the profiles of the digestion patterns differed among families, they were very similar in a particular family. These results may suggest that HHV-6 is transmitted primarily from mother to child.
Subject(s)
Exanthema Subitum/transmission , Herpesviridae Infections/transmission , Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics , Adult , Carrier State/microbiology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Exanthema Subitum/microbiology , Female , Genome, Viral , Herpesviridae Infections/microbiology , Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Male , Mothers , Nuclear Family , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Saliva/microbiology , Viremia/microbiologyABSTRACT
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the sixth human pathogenic Herpesvirus. It was isolated for the first time in 1986. The virus is isolated from blood and saliva and it is probable that it is latent in salivary glands and possibly also in blood. The most probable route of infection is droplet infection via saliva and thereafter possibly by blood. Sero-epidemiological investigations demonstrate that newly born infants are practically all passively immunised via maternal antibodies. At about the age of six months, HHV-6 antibody can be demonstrated in a minority of children. From the age of two years and until 50 years, HHV-6 antibody is present in 90-100% of the population. This is in agreement with the extensive HHV-6 infection in the age group from six months to two years. It is demonstrated that HHV-6 is the cause of exanthema subitum. It is uncertain whether HHV-6 is of pathogenetic significance for other diseases.
