GesEPOC 2021 y GOLD 2021. ¿Más cerca o más lejos? / GesEPOC 2021 and GOLD 2021. Closer Together or Further Apart?

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Stability of a flavored formulation of acetylcysteine for oral administration.

PURPOSE: The chemical and physical stability of a flavored solution of acetylcysteine stored at room temperature or under refrigeration for up to 35 days in amber plastic prescription bottles were studied. METHODS: The flavored acetylcysteine solution was prepared by adding a sweetener and a strawberry creamsicle flavoring to acetylcysteine solution 10% to a final nominal acetylcysteine concentration of 86.5 mg/mL. Six identical samples of the formulation were prepared in amber plastic prescription bottles. Three bottles were stored at room temperature (23-25 degrees C) and the other three were stored in the refrigerator (3-5 degrees C). Immediately after preparation and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, each sample was assayed in duplicate by high- performance liquid chromatography. Stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial drug concentration. RESULTS: On day 35, the refrigerated acetylcysteine samples retained 96.7% of their initial concentration. The samples stored at room temperature retained 92.5% of their initial concentration. CONCLUSION: A flavored oral formulation of acetylcysteine 86.5 mg/mL was stable for at least 35 days when stored at room temperature and in the refrigerator in amber plastic bottles.

Genetic distinction of radix adenophorae from its adulterants by the DNA sequence of 5S-rRNA spacer domains.

Radix Adenophorae (Shashen), a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used as an antitussive and expectorant, is derived from roots of Adenophora stricta Miq. and Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch. Twelve species and varieties of Adenophora and Glehnia, however, could act as substitutes or adulterants of Radix Adenophorae on the commercial markets in South East Asia, and roots of Adenophora hunanensis Nannf. and Glihnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. are the most common examples. The authentic identification of dried roots of A. stricta and A. tetraphylla, however, is difficult on the basis of appearance and morphology. A molecular genetic approach was developed here to identify the species of Radix Adenophorae. The 5S-rRNA spacer domains (approximately 250 bp) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNAs isolated from A. stricta, A. tetraphylla, A. hunanensis and G. littoralis, and subsequently, the nucleotide sequences were determined. Diversity in DNA sequence and restriction enzyme mapping among various species were found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains, which could serve as markers for authentic identification of Radix Adenophorae.

[Comparison of Tyloxapol (Tacholiquin, Alevaire) with physiological saline as inhalation carrier solutions]. / Vergleich von Tyloxapol (Tacholiquin, Alevaire) mit physiologischer Kochsalzlösung als Inhalationsträgerlösungen

By means of a double-blind crossover study the effects of tyloxapol (Tacholiquin, Alevaire) and saline as carrier solutions for the inhalation of beta-agonists have been compared in 24 paitents with bronchial asthma. Specific airway conductance was measured repeatedly over a 2-hour period in order to assess changes of airway caliber due to the inhalation. The results reveal a significant bronchoconstrictive effect of tyloxapol as compared with saline. The bronchodilator activity of solutions with tyloxapol and beta-agonists (orciprenaline, salbutamol) was no better than those with saline and the same beta-agonists. However, side effects (symptoms of airway irritation, increase of pulse rate) were more pronounced with tyloxapol. In view of the direct effects of inhalation with a beta-agonist, no advantage of the expensive carrier solution tyloxapol over saline could be shown.