Historia breve de la cirugía de la cavidad anoftálmica y los implantes orbitarios / A brief history of the anophthalmic socket surgical technique and orbital implants

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[The study of ocular tuberculosis during the 19th and early 20th century].

During the 19th and early 20th century the achievements in the study of ocular tuberculosis were of great significance. The development of pathological anatomy in those years helped physicians to understand the histological image and the pathophysiology of the disease and allowed the scientists to detect the specific anatomical structures of the eye, where the disease could be present. The physicians of those years tried to describe the clinical image of the disease and to give value information, in order to facilitate the diagnosis. Despite major efforts made in the field of clinical approach to ocular tuberculosis, the treatment of the disease in those years was not very effective. Nevertheless, the physicians of the time used every new pharmacological or not pharmacological treatment to fight the disease.

Perspective on orbital enucleation implants.

The philosophy and design of orbital enucleation implants have evolved significantly over the past 50 years. Animal studies and improved imaging techniques have changed our understanding about the physiology and anatomy of the post-enucleation orbit. Changes in implant design and biomaterials have reduced complication rates. It is our impression that for many ophthalmic professionals in training, the rational behind the current thinking in implant design and biomaterials is unclear. This is in part related to the older literature on orbital enucleation implants, which is scattered and at times contradictory. This review aims to present the historical information in a coherent and concise form; provide evidence based review of changes in the practice patterns of enucleation; identify areas of continuing controversy; and highlight gaps in the scientific literature about orbital implants, in particular, the poor understanding of implant and prosthesis motility.

[Wolfgang Stock, his ophthalmopathologic collection and progress in glaucoma treatment in the 2nd half of the 20th century]. / Wolfgang Stock, seine ophthalmopathologische Sammlung und der Fortschritt in der Glaukombehandlung in der 2. Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.

BACKGROUND: As long as Wolfgang Stock was head of the University Eye Clinic Tübingen (1921-1952), he founded a voluminous collection of ophthalmopathological slides, which reflect the knowledge about and possible therapies for various eye diseases at that time. MATERIAL: The "Collection Stock" contains ca. 450 glaucoma specimens. Of these, 50 were chosen at random and investigated macroscopically and microscopically. Each specimen was supplied with a (main) diagnosis. For comparison, 50 eyes with glaucoma enucleated between 1992 and 1997 were examined. RESULTS: Nowadays, "glaucoma enucleation" is performed nearly exclusively because of secondary angle closure glaucoma. In contrast, the "Collection Stock" contains various eyes with 1. primary glaucoma without previous operation, 2. congenital glaucoma, 3. lens induced glaucoma, 4. aphakic glaucoma, and 5. complications after glaucoma surgery. No case of diabetic neovascular glaucoma or PEX-glaucoma was found. CONCLUSIONS: Due to improvement in ophthalmological care, development of various pressure-lowering and anti-inflammatory drugs, new surgical techniques and, probably most important, introduction of the operation microscope, major advances concerning glaucoma therapy and avoidance of complications have been achieved in the last 50 years. Thus, the spectrum of "glaucoma enucleations" has changed dramatically, and certain types of (open angle) glaucoma Wolfgang Stock was very familiar with have in modern ophthalmopathological practice almost fallen into oblivion.