Tratamiento de las afecciones palpebrales en la obra de Escribonio Largo / Treatment of eyelid pathologies in the works of Scribonius Largus

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Los defectos ópticos de la visión explicados por Aristóteles / The Visual Refractive Errors as Explained by Aristotle

Aristóteles fue el primer autor griego en tratar de explicar los defectos ópticos de la visión. Dentro del marco de su teoría de la visión, y con la ayuda de múltiples observaciones empíricas de la naturaleza, intentó fundamentar las razones por las que las agudezas visuales difieren de unos sujetos a otros, así como la presencia de ciertas ametropías, discerniendo entre la miopía y la presbicia. Para Aristóteles la miopía, falta de agudeza de visión lejana, es debida a una proporción inadecuada de humedad en el ojo o a una morfología ocular anómala (AU)

Aristotle was the first Greek author trying to give an explanation of the optical defects of vision. Within the framework of his theory of vision and with the help of numerous empirical observations of natural phenomena, he tried to explain why visual acuity is different from one subject to another and the existence of ametropias, differentiating between myopia and presbyopia. In Aristotle, myopia, low visual acuity for far vision, is due to inappropriate humidity content inside the eye or because of anomalous eye morphology (AU)

Meibomian gland dysfunction: the past, present, and future.

OBJECTIVE: To recount the historic evaluation of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and describe new techniques to monitor disease and therapy. METHODS: A review of the literature regarding the description of MGD and the role of abnormalities of meibomian gland secretion in health and disease. RESULTS: Meibomian gland dysfunction is a common clinical condition and is a major cause of evaporative dry eye with associated discomfort, visual disturbance, and contact lens intolerance. Despite the early description of the anatomy and physiology of the meibomian gland, recognition of the importance of the MGD and particularly therapeutic options to treat it has been limited. CONCLUSIONS: Improved methods of spectroscopic and chemical analysis of the meibomian gland secretion in health and disease are providing a better understanding of the physical and chemical abnormalities of the meibomian gland secretions and are allowing better evaluation of medical therapies.

About vital staining of the eye and eyelids. I. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the eyelid margins and the lacrimal puncta by E. Marx. 1924.

This article is a translation of the original article authored by Eugen Marx and published in 1924.1 Amazingly, many of the issues addressed in the 1924 publication are now, >80 years later, of prime interest for both understanding the lid margin and ocular surface and thus for dry eye diagnosis and treatment. To assist the reader and possibly to provoke further contemplation on a particular section of the translation, we have inserted comments, identified throughout the text. All references, in their original format, have been included in this translation, except those referred to in a few paragraphs that were not readily understood in today's technical language and which were omitted. The first figure of the original article is not included in this translation because it was referred to in one of the few omitted paragraphs.

Xanthelasma and lipoma in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

The painting Mona Lisa in the Louvre, Paris, by Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1506), shows skin alterations at the inner end of the left upper eyelid similar to xanthelasma, and a swelling of the dorsum of the right hand suggestive of a subcutaneous lipoma. These findings in a 25-30 year old woman, who died at the age of 37, may be indicative of essential hyperlipidemia, a strong risk factor for ischemic heart disease in middle age. As far as is known, this portrait of Mona Lisa painted in 1506 is the first evidence that xanthelasma and lipoma were prevalent in the sixteenth century, long before the first description by Addison and Gall in 1851.

[Chalazion or basalioma in an oil painting of the National Portraits Gallery in London]. / Chalazion oder Basaliom auf einem Olgemälde der National Portrait Gallery in London.

Using an oil painting by G.F. Watts displayed in the National Portrait Gallery of London, we made an attempt to diagnose the dermatological alterations recognizable.