The doctor and his patients: the intergenerational dispute concerning the ideal physician, the Czech Lands 1840s-1890s

In the second half of the 19th century, the professionalization of the medical field took place in the Czech Lands, then part of Austria-Hungary. The physicians’ aim was to elimi-nate their rivals, such as charlatans, folk healers, and other alternative healers, but they also strove to regulate competition among colleagues. In this period, which can be described as a period of therapeutic nihilism, a new generation of physicians emerged in the Czech Lands who tried to promote and apply new medical knowledge to everyday practice in the medical market. In practice, however, it was very hard for this innovative group of young medics to defend their scientific approach and their professional honor from the demands of patients, on whose monetary reward they and their families depended. The article argues that there was a dispute between the older and younger generations of physicians over the ideal of the physician and his honor. This hypothesis is based on a discursive analysis of medical manuals for laymen penned mostly by physicians, so-called «house physicians», and of articles in profes-sional journals published by local physicians in the Czech language. The conflict is illustrated by examples of bloodletting and drug prescriptions (AU)

The Abdication of King Edward VIII: a study of estrangement between an adult son and elderly mother.

In this article the Abdication of King Edward VIII of Great Britain and his estrangement from the dowager Queen Mary are reconsidered as prototypes of intergenerational conflict arising from a collision of values between an adult child and an elderly mother. Historical materials on the Abdication and other respected secondary sources, including biographies of key individuals, were consulted, and the limited sociological and clinical literature on estrangement between elderly parents and adult children was referenced. Although estrangement was perpetuated by the rigid and incompatible positions taken up by both the former king and his widowed mother, the elderly Queen Mary, it was the latter who suffered the greater emotional consequences of the permanent separation that followed the Abdication. Most accounts of the Abdication have put forward views of the conflict of values at its centre that emphasise the vulnerability of the elderly mother. The clinical narrative supports a characterisation of estrangement as a subtype of bereavement with particular relevance to the geriatric population.

Intra-household conflicts in migration decisionmaking: return and pendulum migration in Morocco.

By analyzing the migration behavior and transnational residential strategies of first-generation, aging migrants from a particular Moroccan sending region, this study contributes to a conceptual critique of migration theories that identify the household as the most relevant decisionmaking unit. It highlights the role of intra-household power inequalities and conflicts in migration decisionmaking as well as the effects of migration decisions for intra-household power relations. Many labor migrants who left Morocco to work in Europe in the 1960s and 1970s did not realize their wish to return but instead ended up reunifying their families at the destination. An increasing proportion adopts a pendulum migration strategy to reconcile their own wish to retain strong ties with Morocco with the reluctance of children and spouses to return. Migrants who unilaterally decided not to reunify their families usually return after their active working life. However, this unilateral decision also blocks legal entry into Europe for their children, which has generated considerable intergenerational tensions.

Family transitions and juvenile delinquency.

There is a large body of research that shows children from non-intact homes show higher rates of juvenile delinquency than children from intact homes, partially due to weaker parental control and supervision in non-intact homes. What has not been adequately addressed in the research is the influence of changes in family structure among individual adolescents over time on delinquent offending. Using the first and third waves of the National Youth Study, we assess the effect of family structure changes on changes in delinquent offending between waves through the intermediate process of changes in family time and parental attachment. Although prior research has documented adolescents in broken homes are more delinquent than youth in intact homes, the process of family dissolution is not associated with concurrent increases in offending. In contrast, family formation through marriage or cohabitation is associated with simultaneous increases in offending. Changes in family time and parental attachment account for a portion of the family formation effect on delinquency, and prior parental attachment and juvenile offending significantly condition the effect of family formation on offending.

Domestic violence and social responsibility in contemporary Spanish cinema: a portfolio view of behavioral dynamics.

Domestic abuse continues to claim many lives in Spain despite a series of new laws to protect women and to punish abusers. This essay explores the cultural influences of contemporary Spanish cinema on domestic violence. Four films are assessed against a Portfolio Model of social responsibility that uses two basic dimensions: realism and human rights. Realism in each film is determined by the behavioral components of the internationally recognized Duluth Model and the Wheel of Power and Control. The human rights dimension addresses equality, power and agency for women. This study focuses on Icíar Bollaín's "Te doy mis ojos" (2003), Javier Balaguer's "Sólo mía" (2001), Benito Zambrano's "Solas" (1999), and Pedro Almodóvar's "Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del montón" (1980). The results demonstrate significant variations in the measure of social responsibility indicating that contemporary Spanish cinema may play a role in perpetuating gender-based violence.

Muslim women and foreign prostitutes: victim discourse, subjectivity, and governance.

In this article, we juxtapose the ways "Muslim women" and "foreign prostitutes" are commonly constituted as victims in media and politics. We analyze the functions of these two prototypical female victims in terms of the role they play in epitomizing "the problems of globalization" and in reinforcing the existing social and political structures. Victim discourse, when tied to the transnational proliferation of the sex industry and of (radical) Islam, has depoliticizing effects because it places nonindividual causes of victimization outside of "our" polity and society and casts the state as protector and neutral arbiter of national and global inequalities, marginalization, and social conflict.

The problem of dependency: immigration, gender, and the welfare state.

This article discusses the regulation of marriage migration to Norway through an analysis of the subsistence requirement rule which entails that a person who wants to bring a spouse to Norway must achieve a certain level of income. Policy-makers present two main arguments for this regulation. First, the subsistence requirement is a means to prevent forced marriage. Second, its aim is to prevent family immigrants from becoming a burden on welfare budgets. The major concern of both these arguments is that of dependency, either on the family or on the welfare state. The article investigates the representations of the "problems" underpinning this specific policy proposal and argues that the rule in question, and immigration policy more generally, needs to be analyzed with reference to the broader concerns and aims of welfare state policy and gender equality policy.

[Rudolph, crown-prince: the myth of a lost illusion]. / Rudolf trónörökös: egy elveszett illúzió mítosza.

The personality of Rudolf, the crown prince of Austria-Hungary evokes considerable interest even generations later. He had a charismatic and contradictory character that raised many hopes which he was not able to fulfill. His traumatic upbringing, the unhappy union of his parents and his mother's life-long depression all had a severe and damaging impact on him. Furthermore, his father's missing acknowledgement, Rudolf's own troubled marriage, his social isolation, alcoholism and morphine addiction along with his own depression and multiple physical illnesses have all contributed to the vulnerability of his personality. The author analyzes the developments that led to Rudolf s suicide in Mayerling and the impact of his life and death on the later myths about him.