Alienação parental nas varas de família: avaliação psicológica em debate / Parental alienation in family courts: psychological evaluation in debate / Alienación parental en los tribunales de familia: evaluación psicológica en debate

O presente trabalho problematiza, na perspectiva da psicologia social jurídica, o processo de judicialização da vida presente nas demandas que envolvem alienação parental que chegam às Varas de Família e como os psicólogos têm respondido a essas solicitações junto ao judiciário. A metodologia é composta pela análise bibliográfica e legislativa acerca da alienação parental, além da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com psicólogos de Varas de Família de um tribunal pertencente à Região Sudeste do país. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio de análise de conteúdo e os resultados apontaram que a atuação do psicólogo deve atentar para uma colaboração interventiva junto aos envolvidos no processo, a fim de que não se reduza à produção de laudos periciais para subsidiar a decisão do juiz. Desta forma, considera-se importante que o contexto social e as implicações éticas, técnicas e políticas da prática psicológica no sistema de justiça sejam contemplados nas avaliações psicológicas

This work questions the judicialization of the present life process related to parental alienation and how psychologists have responded to these requests in the judiciary. The methodology is composed by a bibliographical and legislative analysis about the parental alienation and also of semi-structured interviews with Family courts licensed psychologists from the southeastern region of Brazil. The analysis of data was made through content analysis and the results pointed out that the performance of the psychologist should be attentive to an intervention collaboration with those involved in the process, avoiding the reduction of the total of forensic psychological assessments as support for the judge's decision. Therefore, it is considered important the social context and the ethical, technical and political implications of psychological practice in the justice system to be considered in the psychological evaluations

El presente trabajo problematiza, en la perspectiva de la psicología social jurídica, el proceso de judicialización de la vida presente en las demandas que involucran alienación parental que llegan a los Tribunales de Familia y cómo los psicólogos han respondido a esas solicitudes ante el poder judicial. La metodología está compuesta por el análisis bibliográfico y legislativo acerca de la alienación parental, además de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas con psicólogos de Tribunales de Familia de un tribunal perteneciente a la región sudeste del país. El análisis de los datos fue realizado por medio de análisis de contenido y los resultados apuntaron que la actuación del psicólogo debe considerar una colaboración de intervención junto a los involucrados en el proceso, a fin de que no se reduzca a la producción de laudos periciales para subsidiar la decisión del juez. De esta forma, se considera importante que el contexto social y las implicaciones éticas, técnicas y políticas de la práctica psicológica en el sistema de justicia sean contemplados en las evaluaciones psicológicas

Coparentalidade em famílias pós-divórcio: uma ação desenvolvida em um núcleo de práticas judiciárias / Co-parenting in families post-divorce: an action developed into a judicial practices center

Mudanças importantes têm sido vivenciadas pelas famílias, em especial por aquelas que passam por uma dissolução conjugal e precisam reorganizar as relações de parentalidade após o divórcio. Nesse contexto, é fundamental a responsabilização conjunta pelos cuidados com os filhos. Construir uma vivência de coparentalidade tem sido um dos principais objetivos do projeto que norteia esse ensaio, no qual é realizado um trabalho em um núcleo de práticas judiciárias, que objetiva oferecer um acompanhamento quanto ao exercício da parentalidade aos pais que realizaram acordo de guarda de filhos. Através do projeto tem sido oportunizado apoio e possibilidade de compartilhar, buscar superar as dificuldades, evitando afastamentos, distanciamentos ou rupturas, decorrentes de conflitos conjugais que, muitas vezes, atravessam de forma decisiva a experiência parental. Por fim, as considerações finais destacam a relevância dessas ações e a importância de que possam ser compartilhadas a fim de que sejam ampliadas para outros contextos e instituições.(AU)

Important changes have been experienced by families, especially for those undergoing a marital dissolution and need to reorganize the relations of parenting after divorce. In this context, joint accountability for child care is fundamental. Building a co-parenting experience has been one of the main objectives of the project that guides this essay, in which it is held a task in a center of judicial practices, which aims to provide an accompaniment on the exercise of parenting to parents who underwent guard children agreement. Through the project has been offered support and ability to share, seeking to overcome the difficulties, avoiding clearances, distancing or breaks, arising from marital conflicts that often cross on a decisively way the parental experience. Lastly, the final considerations show the importance of these actions and the importance of which they can be shared in order to be extended to other contexts and institutions.(AU)

Abordagens da alienação parental: proteção e/ou violência? / Approaches to parental alienation: protection and / or violence?

Resumo Este artigo analisa as abordagens da alienação parental a partir das dimensões conceitual, de poder e operativa, principais categorias extraídas de pesquisa qualitativa envolvendo entrevistas com a equipe de estudos psicossociais, mediadores e juízes da Vara de Família do Fórum Lafayette, de Belo Horizonte-MG. Na dimensão conceitual, foram abordados o conceito médico de síndrome e o conceito legal de ato ilícito e ato de litígio, este último associado a conflito familiar. Na dimensão de poder, foram apontadas a medicalização, a judicialização e a intervenção do Estado. E como dimensão operativa, abordagens exclusivamente periciais foram contrapostas às abordagens dos estudos psicossociais e de acompanhamento terapêutico, e discutiram-se as medidas legais, no seu aspecto protetivo e punitivo. Concluiu-se que, por meio da flexibilização das abordagens clínicas e legais, é possível ao Estado cumprir sua função de proteger o menor em vulnerabilidade, sem incorrer em violência institucional. Apontaram-se nessa direção a mediação e a nova lei da guarda compartilhada que, juntamente com intervenções terapêuticas de orientação preferencialmente psicanalítica ou sistêmica, promovem a responsabilização do sujeito para com suas escolhas e atos, melhor forma de resolução de conflitos.

Abstract This article analyses the approaches to parental alienation through the conceptual, power and operational dimensions, main categories drawn from qualitative research involving interviews with the staff of psychosocial studies, mediators and judges of the Family Court of Lafayette Forum of Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. In the conceptual dimensions, were addressed the concept of syndrome and the legal concept of illicit act and litigation act, this one associated with family conflict. As for the dimensions of power, the effects of medicalization, judicialization and state intervention were discussed. And as operative dimensions, solely expert approaches were opposed to psychosocial studies and therapeutic monitoring approaches and discussed with the legal approaches, in its protective and punitive aspect. It was concluded that by easing the clinical and legal approaches, it is possible for the state to fulfill its function of protecting the minor in vulnerable condition, but without incurring in institutional violence. In this direction, were appointed the mediation and the new law on joint custody which, together with therapeutic interventions, mainly of psychoanalytical or systemic orientation, point to the responsibility of the individual towards his choices and acts as the best way of resolving conflicts.

Domestic Violence and Private Family Court Proceedings: Promoting Child Welfare or Promoting Contact?

Despite improved understanding regarding domestic violence, child welfare and child contact, and related policy developments, problems persist regarding how the family courts deal with fathers' violence in contested contact/residence cases. In the study reported here, analysis was undertaken of welfare reports prepared for the courts in such cases to investigate how and to what extent issues of domestic violence and children's perspectives on these issues were taken into account when making recommendations to the courts. Analysis found that despite evidence of domestic violence and child welfare concerns, contact with fathers was viewed as desirable and inevitable in the vast majority of cases.

When the adoption becomes termination.

CASE: Steven is an 11-year-old boy who was adopted from an orphanage in Eastern Europe 8 years ago, when he was 3 years old along with his biological sister who is 1 year older. You have cared for him in your practice since that time seeing them annually for well child care. His mother reports that the first 2 years after adoption were very difficult, and Steven has never really bonded with her or her husband. Currently, he is reported to steal possessions of family members and instigate arguments with his older sister and act defiantly. The parents have put locks on their bedroom door due to fears of violence, primarily by Steven's older sister. Steven's mother reports that she and her husband no longer attempt to "parent" the children and provide minimal supervision to avoid conflict. In school, Steven is reported to have symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity that improved with treatment with stimulant medication and some learning challenges, but otherwise he is described as a lovely boy who has good relationships with his teachers.They present to urgent care clinic when mom stated "We have had enough." That day both children were caught taking $10 from the mother's wallet. On further discussion, it was discovered that they had done this several times over the last month to buy ice cream for neighborhood friends to "welcome them" to the neighborhood. Steven's mother presents today stating that the family has exhausted therapy services and are experiencing financial hardship secondary to investing time and money into behavioral and psychiatric services for Steven and his sister. They want to dissolve the adoption and have the children removed from their home. They seek guidance on how to do this. What would be your initial approach with the parents?

Differential profile in partner aggressors: Prison vs. mandatory community intervention programs / Perfil diferencial en agresores contra la pareja: prisión frente a medida alternativa (intervención/programas)

In Spain, there are two types of sentence for partner aggressors: prison sentence and the alternative measure, specifically psychosocial intervention programs. The goal of this study was to determine differences in the delinquent and psychopathological profile of these aggressors as a function of the prison sentence received, for which the models proposed by Dutton (1995) and Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) were followed. The sample was made up of 50 incarcerated aggressors and 40 men sentenced to mandatory community orders. The variables were obtained through a mixed method, with supervision of penitentiary case files, clinical interview for personality disorder (SCID-II), and self-reports for the personality profile (NEO-PI-R). Binary logistic regression was used to identify the final model, which best reveals the differences between both groups. The results describe the incarcerated aggressors’ profile as having more altered risk factors at the socioeconomic, delinquent, and psychopathological levels. The three variables that increase the probability of belonging to the prison inmate group, according to the final model obtained were: use of weapons, drug consumption, and personality disorder. In contrast to other investigations, the high incidence in the outcomes of the target variables, mainly drug use and personality disorder, makes us wonder whether the diagnostic method used influenced the results in contrast to the exclusive use of self-reports, a goal to be confirmed in future studies (AU)

En España, existen dos tipos de condenas para los agresores contra la pareja: la pena de prisión y la medida alternativa a esta, en concreto los programas de intervención psicosocial. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las diferencias en perfil delictivo y psicopatológico de estos agresores según la condena recibida, para lo cual se han seguido los modelos propuestos por Dutton (1995) y Holtzworth-Munroe y Stuart (1994). La muestra está formada por 50 agresores en prison y 40 condenados a medidas alternativas (programa/intervención). Las variables se han obtenido a través de un método mixto con supervisión de expedientes penitenciarios, entrevista clínica para el trastorno de personalidad (SCID-II) y autoinforme para el perfil de personalidad (NEO-PIR). Se ha utilizado la regresión logística binaria para identificar el modelo final que mejor señala las diferencias de ambos grupos. Los resultados describen el perfil de los agresores en prisión con mayor número de factores de riesgo alterados, tanto a nivel socioeconómico, como delictivo y psicopatológico. Las tres variables que aumentan las probabilidades de pertenencia al grupo de prisión según el modelo final obtenido son: uso de armas, consumo de drogas y trastorno de personalidad. La elevada incidencia en los resultados de las variables a estudio, a diferencia de otras investigaciones principalmente en consumo de drogas y trastorno de personalidad, nos hace plantearnos si ha influido el método diagnóstico utilizado, contrario al uso exclusivo de autoinformes, objetivo a confirmar en próximos estudios (AU)

Honoring patients' organ donation decisions when family conflict is present: Experience from a single organ procurement organization.

BACKGROUND: Donor designation refers to the laws and processes for documentation of an individual's wishes regarding organ donation should that person become eligible for donation at death. All 50 states have laws supporting donor designation. Donor-family conflict arises when a designated donor's family attempts to rescind the donor's authorization to donate. Little guidance exists in the current literature to address these situations. METHODS: Hospital public relations offices and organ procurement organization (OPO) records were queried to assess the incidence of legal action and adverse media coverage. Public legal records were searched for civil actions involving the hospitals at which these conflicts occurred. RESULTS: Fourteen cases of donor-family conflict were identified. Organ procurement proceeded in 9 (64%) of 14. A total of 38 organs were transplanted from these 9 donors. For those nine cases, median follow-up time was 57 months (interquartile range, 52-77 months; range, 38-114 months). The identified reasons for conflict include a belief by the family that they were given a choice in the decision about whether to proceed with donation; misunderstanding and lack of acceptance of the brain death diagnosis; disagreement among family members; concerns about timing/length of the donation process and desire to withdraw ventilator support; next-of-kin anger over cause of death when cause of death was suicide; and challenges to the validity of donor document and stated donor intent. No adverse news items were reported, and no lawsuits were filed in cases of donor-family conflict where organ donation proceeded. In addition, we found no mention of lawsuits brought against hospitals for failure to proceed with organ donation when donor was designated and eligible. CONCLUSION: The 2006 Anatomical Gift Act compels hospitals and OPOs to pursue donation regardless of family wishes in cases of brain death in designated donors. When a donor's family attempts to rescind the donor's authorization, the donor's wishes, not the families, should be honored. Fears of legal action and adverse media coverage are unfounded. Clinicians, OPO staff, and hospital administrators should strive to understand state donor designation law and create a plan for managing this conflict should it arise. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/care management study, level V.

New roles for family therapists in the courts: an overview with a focus on custody dispute resolution.

Many legal issues involve conflicts that are at least as much psychological and relational as they are legal in nature. Juvenile and family courts have always embraced a helping philosophy under the parens patriae legal doctrine. These courts address problems where family relationships are central, for example, custody and coparenting disputes, divorce, child abuse and neglect, foster care, intimate partner violence, and juvenile delinquency. Family therapists are playing a growing role in all of these matters. In this article, we use child custody disputes as a more in-depth example for exploring new, potential roles for family therapists, particularly as mediators and parenting coordinators. To show the breadth of the role for family therapists, we also more briefly consider the topics of child abuse and neglect, foster care, juvenile delinquency, and drug and alcohol issues.

[A case of parental alienation]. / Ein Fall von Eltern-Kind Entfremdung.

The clinical term "Parental Alienation Syndrome" (PAS) was introduced in 1984 by Richard Gardner, an American psychiatrist. Gardner described PAS and its symptoms, as a personality disorder, which appears chiefly in connection to child custody disputes wherein a child turns suddenly and massively against the non-custodial parent without reasonable grounds for doing so. This action by the child is a result of the custodial parent's emotionally abusive attempts to incite the child against the non-custodial parent.Where the child's rejection is based on some real past experience, there is not PAS. PAS only occurs as a result of the custodial parent's actions. Despite intensive effort, PAS was not included in the new DSM-V. In this case, a particularly impressive case history of parental alienation is described and discussed.

Patricide and steppatricide victims and offenders: an empirical analysis of U.S. arrest data.

Almost all of the literature on male parricide victims focuses on fathers killed with only little information available on stepparents killed. This study is the first to compare the victim, offender, and case correlates in incidents when fathers and stepfathers were killed. Supplementary Homicide Report data were used for the period 1976 to 2007 to investigate similarities and differences between the two male victim parricide types in the United States. Similarities between fathers and stepfathers included more than 80% of fathers and stepfathers were killed in single victim, single offender homicides. Their killers were adult sons and stepsons in more than 70% of the cases. Juvenile offenders were significantly less likely to be involved in the killings of fathers and stepfathers in more recent years. Significant differences emerged with respect to age and weapon use in the killings of fathers and stepfathers. Stepfathers and stepchildren, relative to fathers and their offspring, were significantly younger. Juvenile offenders were significantly more likely than their adult counterparts to use firearms to kill fathers (79% vs. 54%) and stepfathers (72% vs. 58%). Significant gender differences in weapons used to kill fathers were found among juvenile and adult offenders, with males more likely to use firearms than females. Reasons for the possible differences are discussed in the conclusion.

Relational vulnerabilities of incarcerated and reentry mothers: therapeutic implications.

A qualitative study involving a follow-up interview with 10 incarcerated and reentry mothers in rural southwest and central Virginia was conducted to explore the influence that women's close relationships have on their reentry experiences with their families. The Vulnerability Conceptual Model (VCM) was used to sensitize an examination of how incarcerated and reentry mothers negotiate relational vulnerabilities in the context of varying situational vulnerability. Grounded theory analysis revealed three themes that characterized relational vulnerabilities. Given our focus on close relationships and the potential of the VCM to identify opportunities for resilience and vulnerability, we highlighted the influence of ambiguous and ambivalent relationships and unresolved loss and grief due to relationship dissolution or the death of a parent, sibling, child, or intimate partner in the reentry process. The data revealed two types of reentry mothers with divergent trajectories for social reintegration. Implications of these types for therapeutic treatment approaches for reentry women are discussed.

[Domestic violence: any progress?]. / Violences conjugales : a-t-on progressé ?

Since the publication of the French national survey of violence against women in 2000, the fight against domestic violence has made steady progress. Knowledge of the phenomenon has significantly improved. A nationwide study of murders and manslaughters perpetrated by one partner of a couple against the other has been published annually since 2006. In 2012, domestic violence resulted in the deaths of 314 persons: 166 women, 31 men, 25 children, 9 collateral victims, 14 rivals, and two former spouses killed by their ex-fathers in law. In addition, 67 perpetrators committed suicide (51 men and3 women). The number of victims fluctuates from year to year but has remained fairly stable since 2006 (n=168). Legislation has improved significantly: eight new laws have been passed since 2004, all designed to protect women and to ensure that violent men are restrained and treated. New measures to inform and protect women have been implemented and others have been improved, such as the anonymous helpline (phone no 3919, "domestic violence information"). An inter-ministerial committee on the protection of women from violence and the prevention of human trafficking (MIPROF) was created on 3 January 2013. A website entitled "Stop violence against women " (Stop violences faites aux femmes) is now available. The "Imminent Danger" mobile phone system, designed to alert police if a suspected or known perpetrator breaches restraint conditions, will be extended to the entire country from January 2014. Referees charged with coordinating comprehensive long-tern care of women victims have been deployed at the county level. Information centers on the rights of women and families (CIDFF) now form a local nationwide network. Routine interviews with a midwife during the fourth month of pregnancy, focusing on the woman's emotional, economic and social conditions, have been implemented in 21 % of maternity units and should gradually be generalized. The authorities who have enforced the law have modified their behavior, as have the victims, although for a lesser extent. Perpetrators are increasingly subject to restraining orders, with an obligation to undergo treatment and to attend awareness sessions. Victims are also more likely to go to the police. Social workers, self-help groups and, since 2006, psychologists are now available for victim support in police stations. Management of perpetrators has improved. Finally, despite the continuing reluctance of many physicians, an encouraging trend is emerging among younger members of the profession. A recent survey of 1472 French medical students showed that, while 90 % of them said they had received no training in this area, 93 % considered that doctors should play a role and 95 % said they felt highly concerned. Specific university diplomas have been created and domestic violence is now included in the midwifery curriculum. The delicate question of prevention remains to be resolved; a program is currently being tested.

Social workers as "experts" in the family court system: is evidence-based practice a missing link or host-created knowledge?

The graduate school curriculum for social workers requires that students learn to critically distinguish between opinion-based knowledge and evidence-based practices, or empirically-supported interventions. Once graduated, licensed social workers are often called upon to offer diagnostic and predictive opinions as experts in a variety of macro-environments. When the family courts are that "host" environment, social workers proffer expert opinions that may categorize and label parents or children for purposes of a judge's allocation of physical or legal custody. In this article, it is suggested that the social work profession, within all three domains of education, practice, and research, should more precisely link the design and fidelity of an evidence-based practice (EBP) with its potential misapplication or warping when proffered as science in "host" environments like family courts. As Foucault and other scholars warn, the failure to verify that an intervention is applied correctly may actually enhance the risk of social injustice by interpreting and translating EBP knowledge in the non-empirical form of authority-by-license. This article, therefore, proposes that the social work profession, from the classroom to the field, has an obligation to thoroughly understand and engage interdisciplinary practices that assure respect for the strengths and limits of social work knowledge.

Predictors of custody and visitation decisions by a family court clinic.

Children's psychological adjustment following parental separation or divorce is a function of the characteristics of the custodial parent, as well as the degree of postdivorce parental cooperation. Over time, custody has shifted from fathers to mothers and currently to joint arrangements. In this retrospective chart review of family court clinic records we examined predictors of custody and visitation. Our work improves on previous studies by assessing a greater number of predictor variables. The results suggest that parental emotional instability, antisocial behavior, and low income all decrease chances of gaining custody. The findings also show that income predicts whether a father is recommended for visitation rights and access to his child or children. Furthermore, joint custody is not being awarded as a function of parental postdivorce cooperation. At issue is whether parental emotional stability, antisocial behavior, and income are appropriate markers for parenting capacity and whether visitation rights and joint custody are being decided in a way that serves the child's best interests.

Commentary: Factors predicting family court decisions in high-conflict divorce.

Factors that predict custody and visitation decisions are an important area of research, especially in the context of high-conflict divorce. In these cases, youths are at significantly higher risk for exposure to ongoing conflict, violence, and triangulation in their parents' disputes. What variables courts and evaluation clinics use to make custody decisions and whether they are the most salient requires further study. The work by Raub and colleagues in this issue extends our understanding of important factors considered by the courts and custody evaluators in high-conflict divorce and points to directions for future research in this area.

A representação da função paterna para instituições de auxílio a adolescentes em conflito com a lei / The representation of paternal function for civil institutions aid for adolescents in conflict with the law / La representación de la función paterna para instituciones de ayuda a los niños en conflicto con la ley

No presente artigo articula-se a importância da função paterna para o desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente e como a falta dessa função faz o jovem buscar alguém que a exerça. Muitas vezes, durante essa busca, os adolescentes cometem atos infracionais que os levam a entrar em conflito com a lei e, consequentemente, entrar em contato com os atores da justiça, que podem representar os limites que esses adolescentes procuraram. A metodologia adotada é a epistemologia qualitativa, que enfoca a análise da entrevista participativa. Para tal análise foram entrevistados atores da justiça envolvidos nos processos com adolescentes em conflito com a lei que discutiram a carência no Distrito Federal em relação a políticas públicas e a urgência de mobilização da sociedade para se ter resultados favoráveis no desenvolvimento do trabalho com os adolescentes em conflito com a lei.(AU)

In this article articulates the importance of paternal role for the development of children and adolescents, and the lack of this function makes the young look for one that carries. Many times during this search, the adolescents commit illegal acts, leading them into conflict with the law and therefore contact with the actors of justice, which may represent the limits that these adolescents sought. The methodology adopted is qualitative epistemology, which focuses on the participatory analysis of the interview. For this analysis were interviewed actors involved in the processes of justice with adolescents in conflict with the law where they discussed the shortfall in the Federal District in relation to public policy and the urgency of mobilizing society to have favorable results in the development of work with adolescents in conflict with the law.(AU)

En este trabajo se articula la importancia de la función paterna en el desarrollo de los niños y adolescentes, y cómo la falta de esta característica hace que los jóvenes buscan a alguien para ejercerla. A menudo, durante esta búsqueda, los adolescentes cometen infracciones que dan lugar a un conflicto con la ley y por lo tanto en contacto con los actores de la justicia, que puede representar los límites que estos adolescentes buscaban. La metodología es la epistemología cualitativa, que se centra en el análisis de la entrevista participativa. Para estas análisis fueron entrevistados los actores que participan en los procesos de la justicia con los jóvenes en conflicto con la ley, que discutieran el déficit en el Distrito Federal en materia de política pública y la urgencia de movilizar a la sociedad para tener resultados favorables en el desarrollo del trabajo con adolescentes en conflicto con la ley.(AU)

A representação da função paterna para instituições de auxílio a adolescentes em conflito com a lei / The representation of paternal function for civil institutions aid for adolescents in conflict with the law / La representación de la función paterna para instituciones de ayuda a los niños en conflicto con la ley

No presente artigo articula-se a importância da função paterna para o desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente e como a falta dessa função faz o jovem buscar alguém que a exerça. Muitas vezes, durante essa busca, os adolescentes cometem atos infracionais que os levam a entrar em conflito com a lei e, consequentemente, entrar em contato com os atores da justiça, que podem representar os limites que esses adolescentes procuraram. A metodologia adotada é a epistemologia qualitativa, que enfoca a análise da entrevista participativa. Para tal análise foram entrevistados atores da justiça envolvidos nos processos com adolescentes em conflito com a lei que discutiram a carência no Distrito Federal em relação a políticas públicas e a urgência de mobilização da sociedade para se ter resultados favoráveis no desenvolvimento do trabalho com os adolescentes em conflito com a lei...

In this article articulates the importance of paternal role for the development of children and adolescents, and the lack of this function makes the young look for one that carries. Many times during this search, the adolescents commit illegal acts, leading them into conflict with the law and therefore contact with the actors of justice, which may represent the limits that these adolescents sought. The methodology adopted is qualitative epistemology, which focuses on the participatory analysis of the interview. For this analysis were interviewed actors involved in the processes of justice with adolescents in conflict with the law where they discussed the shortfall in the Federal District in relation to public policy and the urgency of mobilizing society to have favorable results in the development of work with adolescents in conflict with the law...

En este trabajo se articula la importancia de la función paterna en el desarrollo de los niños y adolescentes, y cómo la falta de esta característica hace que los jóvenes buscan a alguien para ejercerla. A menudo, durante esta búsqueda, los adolescentes cometen infracciones que dan lugar a un conflicto con la ley y por lo tanto en contacto con los actores de la justicia, que puede representar los límites que estos adolescentes buscaban. La metodología es la epistemología cualitativa, que se centra en el análisis de la entrevista participativa. Para estas análisis fueron entrevistados los actores que participan en los procesos de la justicia con los jóvenes en conflicto con la ley, que discutieran el déficit en el Distrito Federal en materia de política pública y la urgencia de movilizar a la sociedad para tener resultados favorables en el desarrollo del trabajo con adolescentes en conflicto con la ley...

Child contact centers and domestic abuse: victim safety and the challenge to neutrality.

Child contact with a nonresident father who has perpetrated domestic abuse has gained policy and research attention. Both feminist social policy and family law research identify the role child contact centers can play in facilitating contact in these circumstances. Drawing from a literature review carried out by the authors, this article examines the priorities that underpin feminist social policy and family law disciplines and how these manifest in research on contact centers and domestic abuse.