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1.
J Assist Reprod Genet ; 38(12): 3233-3242, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34751833

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To elucidate the effect of X-ray exposure during hysterosalpingography (HSG) on subsequent laboratory outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: A total of 1458 oocytes, consisting of 990 oocytes retrieved from 70 women (89 cycles) who underwent HSG prior to IVF and 468 oocytes from 45 women (57 cycles) who underwent IVF without HSG, were evaluated for their retrieval number, maturity, fertilization, and development post fertilization. X-ray exposure during HSG was recorded as reference air kerma (RAK) (mGy). Subjects were stratified according to the amount of RAK (Nil: IVF without HSG, L-RAK: RAK < 16.23, mH-RAK: RAK ≥ 16.23). The number of oocytes retrieved, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development was compared among 3 groups. Further, multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the effect of X-ray exposure on laboratory outcomes in IVF. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the fertilization rate among 3 groups (Nil: 71.6%, L-RAK: 80.5%, mH-RAK: 78.3%). The good-quality blastocyst rate in mH-RAK (46.2%) was significantly higher than L-RAK (35.3%) and Nil (32.4%). Multivariate analyses revealed that X-ray exposure was associated with higher fertilization, higher blastocyst development, and higher good-quality blastocyst development rates with adjustment for patient age, BMI, ovarian stimulation types, and fertilization methods. Association between X-ray exposure and the number of oocytes retrieved, and oocyte maturation was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that X-ray exposure of the female reproductive organs during HSG could enhance the potential of oocytes rather than adversely.


Subject(s)
Hysterosalpingography/adverse effects , Oocytes/radiation effects , X-Rays/adverse effects , Adult , Birth Rate , Blastocyst/radiation effects , Embryonic Development/radiation effects , Female , Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Humans , Live Birth , Male , Oocyte Retrieval/methods , Ovulation Induction/methods , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Rate
2.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol ; 145: 10-18, 2019 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30500339

ABSTRACT

It is known that LLLT has beneficial effects on several pathological conditions including wound healing, pain and inflammation. LLLT modulates biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we examined the effect of local application of LLLT on follicular dynamics, ovarian reserve, AMH expression, progesterone levels, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reproductive outcome in adult mice. LLLT (200 J/cm2) increased the percentage of primary and preantral follicles, whilst decreasing the percentage of corpora lutea compared to control ovaries. LLLT-treated ovaries did not exhibit any changes regarding the number of primordial follicles. We observed a higher percentage of AMH-positive follicles (in early stages of development) in LLLT-treated ovaries compared to control ovaries. LLLT reduced the P4 concentration and the apoptosis in early antral follicles compared to control ones. LLLT caused a reduction in the endothelial cell area and an increase in the periendothelial cell area in the ovary. Additionally, LLLT was able to improve oocyte quality. Our findings suggest that local application of LLLT modulates follicular dynamics by regulating apoptosis and the vascular stability in mouse ovary. In conclusion, these data indicate that LLLT might become a novel and useful tool in the treatment of several pathologies, including female reproductive disorders.


Subject(s)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone/biosynthesis , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Low-Level Light Therapy , Neovascularization, Physiologic/radiation effects , Ovary/radiation effects , Animals , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Corpus Luteum/radiation effects , Female , Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Ovarian Follicle/cytology , Ovarian Follicle/radiation effects , Ovary/blood supply , Ovary/cytology , Ovary/metabolism , Progesterone/biosynthesis , Superovulation/radiation effects
3.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 194: 19-32, 2018 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29449037

ABSTRACT

Light irradiation has been demonstrated to exert positive effects on gametes, and particularly on sperm. In effect, a high number of studies conducted in several species, including humans, mice, pigs, cattle and sheep, and using different light sources (such as lasers and light-emitting diodes) have demonstrated that photo-stimulation increases sperm motility. In addition, other works have shown that sperm fertilizing ability both in vitro and in vivo can be increased following light irradiation; there are also some evidences pointing out to an extend of lifespan of preserved semen. Notwithstanding, no study has reported a detrimental effect of visible light on DNA integrity. The mechanisms through which light exerts its effects are not completely elucidated, but mounting evidence gives cell photosensitizers, especially those present in the mitochondria, a vital role. Stimulating these molecules turns into an increase in the production of ATP and Ca2+ influx, which contributes to explain the effects of light upon spermatozoa. Additionally, the presence of opsins in spermatozoa as well as the potential influence of light on the conformation of other proteins may also be involved in the sperm response to light. However, there are still a significant number of points that need to be addressed and their elucidation may contribute to increase the utilization of light irradiation for sperm preservation and ART.


Subject(s)
Cryopreservation/veterinary , Fertilization in Vitro/veterinary , Light , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Specimen Handling , Spermatozoa/physiology , Animals , Fertility , Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Humans , Male , Sperm Motility/radiation effects , Spermatozoa/radiation effects
4.
Sci Rep ; 7: 46480, 2017 04 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28425485

ABSTRACT

The ability to successfully fertilize ova relies upon the swimming ability of spermatozoa. Both in humans and in animals, sperm motility has been used as a metric for the viability of semen samples. Recently, several studies have examined the efficacy of low dosage red light exposure for cellular repair and increasing sperm motility. Of prime importance to the practical application of this technique is the absence of DNA damage caused by radiation exposure. In this study, we examine the effect of 633 nm coherent, red laser light on sperm motility using a novel wavelet-based algorithm that allows for direct measurement of curvilinear velocity under red light illumination. This new algorithm gives results comparable to the standard computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. We then assess the safety of red light treatment of sperm by analyzing, (1) the levels of double-strand breaks in the DNA, and (2) oxidative damage in the sperm DNA. The results demonstrate that for the parameters used there are insignificant differences in oxidative DNA damage as a result of irradiation.


Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Light , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects , Sperm Motility/radiation effects , Spermatozoa/radiation effects , Animals , Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Male , Semen Analysis/methods , Spermatozoa/cytology , Spermatozoa/physiology
5.
Dev Dyn ; 227(4): 552-62, 2003 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12889064

ABSTRACT

The neural plate is induced during gastrulation when the organizer affects the ectoderm around it. Recent experiments show that axial mesoderm can stimulate formation of specific ventral cell types in the spinal cord, including floor plate, motor neurons, and several types of interneurons. We have eliminated or disrupted axial mesoderm by using a variety of methods to show that ventral columns of intermittent dopaminergic neurons in the frog Xenopus also appear to be induced by axial mesoderm. Inversion of the dorsal-ventral neural axis by splitting the presumptive neural plate in vivo, produced two spinal cords with ectopic dopaminergic neurons. The location and number of neurons suggest that even a brief association with axial mesoderm can specify the identity of the first or primary dopaminergic neurons and that notochord retains the ability to induce cells to become secondary dopaminergic neurons.


Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation/physiology , Embryonic Induction/physiology , Mesoderm/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Ultraviolet Rays , Xenopus laevis/embryology , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Dopamine/metabolism , Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons/cytology , Neurons/metabolism , Notochord/embryology
6.
Photochem Photobiol ; 68(3): 407-13, 1998 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9747596

ABSTRACT

Irradiation of mouse spermatozoa by 630 nm He-Ne laser was found to enhance the intracellular calcium levels and fertilizing potential of these cells. The effect of light on calcium transport and on fertilization rate was abrogated in the absence of Ca2+ during the irradiation time, indicating that the effect of light is Ca2+ dependent. The stimulatory effect of light on Ca2+ uptake was abolished in the presence of a voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channel inhibitor nifedipine, indicating the involvement of a plasma membrane voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of light was completely inhibited by the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP, indicating that laser irradiation might affect the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport mechanisms. A causal association between laser irradiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and sperm function was indicated by studies with ROS scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and exogenous hydrogen peroxide. The SOD treatment, which enhanced H2O2 production, resulted in increased Ca2+ uptake and enhanced fertilization rate. On the other hand, catalase, which decomposes H2O2, impaired the light-induced stimulation in Ca2+ uptake and the fertilization rate. Taken together, the data suggest that H2O2 might be involved in the irradiation effects, and indeed laser irradiation enhances the production of H2O2 by spermatozoa. These results indicate that the effect of 630 nm He-Ne laser irradiation is mediated through the generation of H2O2 by the spermatozoa and that this effect plays a significant role in the augmentation of the sperm cells' capability to fertilize metaphase II-arrested eggs in vitro.


Subject(s)
Calcium/metabolism , Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Lasers , Sperm-Ovum Interactions/radiation effects , Spermatozoa/physiology , Animals , Epididymis , Female , Light , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Spermatozoa/radiation effects
7.
Mutat Res ; 381(1): 59-66, 1997 Nov 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9403031

ABSTRACT

Previous studies suggest that the spermatozoa from acutely irradiated male mice exhibit a reduced fertilization rate in vitro with the maximum decrease occurring for spermatozoa produced 6 weeks after irradiation (Y. Matsuda et al., Mutation Res. 142 (1985) 59-63). We have found that spermatozoa from unirradiated F1 males conceived 6 weeks after paternal F0 irradiation also exhibit a significantly reduced fertilization rate in vitro. After acute 137Cs gamma-irradiation yielding an absorbed dose of 1.0 Gy, adult CD1 F0 male mice were mated at weekly intervals with unirradiated female CD1 mice. Unirradiated adult males from F1 litters conceived 5 and 6 weeks after paternal F0 irradiation were allowed to mature. Their epididymal spermatozoa were evaluated for in vitro fertilization rates using oocytes from unirradiated 8-12-week-old CD1 females. The mean fertilization rate for spermatozoa from F1 males conceived 5 weeks after paternal F0 irradiation (80.74 +/- 15.74 SD %, n = 5) did not differ significantly from the control fertilization rate (89.40 +/- 10.94 SD %, n = 8). However, the fertilization rate for spermatozoa from F1 males conceived 6 weeks after paternal F0 irradiation (56.14 +/- 21.93 SD %, n = 5) was significantly less than the fertilization rate for control spermatozoa (p < 0.006) or for that of the F1 males conceived 5 weeks after paternal F0 irradiation (p < 0.04). These data suggest that spermatozoa obtained 6 weeks after paternal F0 irradiation can transmit a decrease in fertilization rate to the F1 generation males as well as exhibit decreased fertilization rate themselves when tested directly in vitro.


Subject(s)
Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Spermatozoa/physiology , Spermatozoa/radiation effects , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Embryo, Mammalian/physiology , Female , Fertility , Gamma Rays , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Oocytes/physiology , Whole-Body Irradiation
8.
Bioelectromagnetics ; 10(4): 361-9, 1989.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2610706

ABSTRACT

Mouse spermatozoa were exposed in vitro for 1 h to 27- or 2,450-MHz CW RF radiation at SARs of 0 to 90 W/kg under isothermal (37 +/- 0.2 degrees C) conditions. Exposure at either frequency to RF radiation at SARs of 50 W/kg or greater resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the ability of irradiated sperm to fertilize mouse ova in vitro (P less than .05). Over the range of SARs there was no apparent difference in the effects of 27- vs. 2,450-MHz RF radiation. There were no readily detectable exposure effects on spermatozoan morphology, ultrastructure, or capacitation. The reduction of in vitro fertilization is attributed to a direct effect of RF radiation on spermatozoa rather than to heating.


Subject(s)
Fertilization in Vitro/radiation effects , Radio Waves/adverse effects , Spermatozoa/radiation effects , Animals , Female , Male , Mice
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