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1.
Anal Chim Acta ; 1299: 342377, 2024 Apr 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38499410

ABSTRACT

In this study, the electrochemical properties of etofenamate, an active ingredient belonging to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group, were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SW) techniques on a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). With the CV technique, reversible voltammetric waves of around +0.470 V and irreversible voltammetric waves of around +1.02 V were produced on the PGE. An environmentally friendly, selective and highly sensitive SW voltammetric method was developed using disposable PGE. This voltammetric method gave very good analytical working range on PGE in PBS (pH = 3.0) medium at concentrations ranging from 0.017 µM to 0.306 µM. The LOD value of this analytical method in PBS (pH = 3.0) medium was calculated as 0.0011 µM (0.406 µg L-1). The developed voltammetric method was successfully applied to urine and drug samples. The results of the voltammetric method were compared with the results of the spectrophotometric method. The results were found to be compatible with each other.


Subject(s)
Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Graphite , Graphite/chemistry , Electrodes , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Electrochemical Techniques/methods
2.
J Pharm Sci ; 110(6): 2517-2523, 2021 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33508308

ABSTRACT

Topical pain relief products differ in the type of drug, concentration, and formulation. All these factors influence the drug transit through the skin barrier, and its eventual retention in the skin as a reservoir for subsequent release. In addition, the drug potency can be different, which is important for the product efficacy. We studied here ex vivo human skin permeation and retention of five over-the-counter NSAID gels containing 2.32% diclofenac (DIC) and 5-10% etofenamate (ETF). The potency of the permeated/retained drug amounts were compared using a composite parameter, the Index of Relative Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity (IRTAA), which is calculated as the product of the skin permeation/retention and the drug relative potency. The IRTAAs of the DIC gel were 94-667-fold higher and 72-208-fold higher for transdermal delivery and skin retention, respectively, than IRTAAs of the ETF gels. These superior IRTAAs indicate that DIC delivered by this topical formulation would achieve a higher bioactivity and would form a potent drug reservoir relevant for its subsequent long-lasting release.


Subject(s)
Diclofenac , Flufenamic Acid , Administration, Cutaneous , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Gels , Humans , Pain , Permeability , Skin Absorption
3.
Orv Hetil ; 161(38): 1646-1651, 2020 09.
Article in Hungarian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32924969

ABSTRACT

As the topical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has gained popularity recently, adverse reactions related to their application have also become more common. The authors present the case of a 49-year-old man, who used etofenamate gel to treat leg pain. Following sun exposure, haemorrhagic, atypical lesions appeared and after rapid spread of the symptoms, the patient was hospitalized. In the area of the etofenamate application as well as on both legs, arms, trunk and face, confluent, erythematous sero-papules and macules were found, along with petechiae on the oral mucosa. Splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia accompanied the skin symptoms, which prompted an oncohematological workup, and the patient was diagnosed with hairy cell leukaemia. Epicutaneous testing (ET) was performed and found a positive reaction to etofenamate gel as well wood tar, propylen glycol, fragrance mix I, methylisothiazolinone, benzoic acid and balsam of Peru. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and CD69 expression were negative for etofenamate. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(38): 1646-1651.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Leukemia, Hairy Cell/diagnosis , Splenomegaly/chemically induced , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Topical , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/adverse effects , Humans , Leukemia, Hairy Cell/pathology , Lymphocyte Activation , Male , Middle Aged , Purpura/chemically induced
4.
J Inorg Biochem ; 210: 111160, 2020 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32717439

ABSTRACT

Two novel Co(II) fenamato complexes containing bathocuproine (bcp), namely [Co(bcp)(flu)2] (1) and [Co(bcp)(nif)2] (2) (flu = flufenamato, nif = niflumato) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray structure analysis as well as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Investigation of their molecular structure revealed that both complexes are isostructural and form analogous complex molecules, with a Co(II) atom hexacoordinated by two nitrogen atoms of bcp and four oxygen atoms of two chelate bonded flu (1) and nif (2) ligands in a distorted octahedral arrangement. Surprisingly, the results of cytotoxicity experiments on four cancer cell lines (HeLa, HT-29, PC-3 and MCF-7) have revealed that despite similar structure of the complexes, the nif complex exhibits significantly higher activity, being the most effective against the PC-3 cell line (IC50 (MTT) = 6.11 ±â€¯1.95 µM). Further studies performed on PC-3 cell line have shown that the mechanism of the cytotoxic action of nif complex (2) might involve activation of autophagic processes and apoptosis, while for its flu analogue (1) apoptosis was detected.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacology , Phenanthrolines/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Apoptosis/drug effects , Autophagy/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cobalt/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects , Humans , Ligands , Molecular Structure , Phenanthrolines/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity Relationship
5.
J Inorg Biochem ; 203: 110906, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31707332

ABSTRACT

Upon the interaction of MnCl2 with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs oxaprozin or flufenamic acid in the presence of the nitrogen-donors 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline as co-ligands, one dinuclear and two trinuclear Mn(II) complexes were isolated. The complexes were characterized by diverse techniques. The complexes were evaluated for their scavenging activity against free radicals such as hydroxyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The in vitro binding affinity of the complexes to calf-thymus (CT) DNA and serum albumins was also monitored. In total, we may suggest that the complexes present promising scavenging activity against the radicals tested, and they may bind to CT DNA via intercalation and reversibly to serum albumins.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical synthesis , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Manganese/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Oxaprozin/analogs & derivatives , DNA/chemistry , Protein Binding , Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry , Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism
6.
Contact Dermatitis ; 80(1): 5-8, 2019 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30221361

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 2012, a consensus was reached regarding a baseline photopatch test series on the basis of the results of a European multicentre study. OBJECTIVES: To describe experience with the European photopatch test series. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 116 patients tested with the European photopatch test series between 2014 and 2016 was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-five positive photopatch test reactions in 25 subjects were recorded, most commonly caused by the topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, and etofenomate. Organic ultraviolet (UV) absorbers constituted the second main category of agents eliciting positive photopatch test reactions. Among UV absorbers, benozophenone-3 and octocrylene were the most frequent photoallergens. UV absorbers that have been introduced more recently rarely elicited positive photopatch test reactions. Positive patch test reactions were less commonly observed than positive photopatch test reactions, namely, 21 reactions in 14 patients. CONCLUSIONS: We present the largest clinical experience with the European photopatch test baseline series hitherto reported. The results are similar to those underlying the above consensus process, reaffirming the usefulness of this series.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Photoallergic/etiology , Sunscreening Agents/adverse effects , Acrylates/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Benzophenones/adverse effects , Europe , Female , Flufenamic Acid/adverse effects , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Ketoprofen/adverse effects , Ketoprofen/analogs & derivatives , Male , Middle Aged , Patch Tests , Tromethamine/adverse effects , Young Adult
7.
J Phys Chem B ; 122(7): 2064-2072, 2018 02 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29377693

ABSTRACT

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in about a third of breast cancer patients, with a strong involvement of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme in the tumor progress. HER2 and COX-2 are consequently potential targets for inhibiting carcionogenesis. Herceptin (trastuzumab) is an antibody that partially blocks HER2-positive cancers at their initial stage. Unfortunately, the overall response rate to the single treatment with this antibody is still modest, and therefore, it needs to be improved by combining several chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are designed to halt COX-2 functionality, so they might also exhort an anticancer activity. In this contribution, dual Herceptin-NSAID drugs are designed using theoretical tools. More specifically, blind docking, molecular dynamics, and quantum calculations are performed to assess the stability of 14 NSAIDs embedded inside Herceptin. Our calculations reveal the feasibility of improving the antitumor activity of the parent Herceptin by designing a dual HER2-targeting with Etofenamate. That coupling mode might be used to further rationalize new clinical strategies beyond classical antibody dosages.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Trastuzumab/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Carriers/pharmacology , Female , Flufenamic Acid/chemistry , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacology , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Quantum Theory , Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Trastuzumab/pharmacology
8.
ChemMedChem ; 12(18): 1481-1490, 2017 09 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28782186

ABSTRACT

The success of fluorinated molecules in drug design has led medicinal chemists to search for new fluorine-containing substituents. A major recently developed group is the pentafluorosulfanyl group. This group is stable under physiological conditions and displays unique physical and chemical properties. There are currently few synthetic methods to install the SF5 group, yet efforts to integrate this group into lead optimization continue unabated. Typically, the SF5 group has been used as a replacement for trifluoromethyl, tert-butyl, halogen, or nitro groups. In this review, the use of the SF5 group as a bioisosteric replacement for each of these three functionalities is compared and contrasted across various groups of biologically active molecules. The organization and presentation of these data should be instructive to medicinal chemists considering to design synthetic strategies to access SF5 -substituted molecules.


Subject(s)
Sulfides/chemistry , Sulfur Compounds/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase , Drug Design , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacology , Halogenation , NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/antagonists & inhibitors , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/metabolism , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Plasmodium falciparum/enzymology , Protein Binding , Receptors, Cannabinoid/chemistry , Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
9.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol ; 121(5): 423-429, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28561421

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the course of the plasma concentration and the bioavailability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contained in dermal patches. We compared an etofenamate prototype patch (patent EP 1833471) and a commercially available diclofenac epolamine patch regarding the bioavailability of the active ingredients relative to respective i.m. applications and regarding their plasma concentration-time course. Twenty-four healthy human volunteers were treated using a parallel group design (n = 12 per group) with a single dermal patch (removed after 12 hr) followed (after a latency of 48 hr) by eight consecutive dermal patches every 12 hr to reach steady-state conditions. The patches were generally well tolerated, but one volunteer treated with etofenamate developed an allergic contact dermatitis. After the first patch, Cmax was 0.81 ± 0.11 (mean ± S.E.M.) ng/mL (reached 12 hr after patch removal) for diclofenac and 31.3 ± 3.8 ng/mL for flufenamic acid (reached at patch removal), the main metabolite of etofenamate. Etofenamate was not detectable. After repetitive dosing, trough plasma concentrations after the eighth dose were 1.72 ± 0.32 ng/mL for diclofenac and 48.7 ± 6.6 ng/mL for flufenamic acid. Bioavailabilities (single dose) relative to i.m. applications were 0.22 ± 0.04% for diclofenac and 1.15 ± 0.06% for flufenamic acid. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability (compared to the respective i.m. application) of both drugs is low. The maximal plasma concentrations after topical administration of these drugs are well below the IC50 values for COX-1 and COX-2, explaining the absence of dose-dependent toxicities.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Diclofenac/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Administration, Cutaneous , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics , Biological Availability , Cross-Over Studies , Diclofenac/pharmacokinetics , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Flufenamic Acid/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/metabolism , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Transdermal Patch , Young Adult
10.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 40(2): 220-226, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28154263

ABSTRACT

Skin penetration amounts of a highly lipophilic drug, ufenamate, prepared in four oily vehicles, including white petrolatum (WP), liquid paraffin (LP), isopropyl myristate (IPM), and isocetyl stearate (ICS), were compared. Ufenamate was mixed in each vehicle at 5% and applied at a rate of 2 mg/cm2 to intact, stripped, and delipidized Yucatan micropig skin. The amounts of ufenamate and IPM in the stratum corneum (SC), epidermis, and dermis were determined. The skin penetration amounts of ufenamate from liquid oils were significantly higher than those from WP; the amounts of ufenamate were in the order WP

Subject(s)
Drug Carriers/metabolism , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Oils/metabolism , Skin Absorption/physiology , Animals , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Carriers/pharmacology , Flufenamic Acid/metabolism , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacology , Oils/chemistry , Oils/pharmacology , Organ Culture Techniques , Skin Absorption/drug effects , Swine , Swine, Miniature
11.
Curr Drug Deliv ; 14(3): 386-393, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27501715

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Semisolid SLNs are novel strategy for dermal drug administration instead of incorporating the SLN dispersions into conventional semisolids. Etofenamate loaded semisolid SLNs were successfully prepared and in vitro characterization of formulations were performed in our previous study. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the dermal behavior of the semisolid SLNs selected on the basis of previous research and investigate the properties in terms of the convenience for topical applications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the skin penetration characteristics of semisolid SLN formulations. The occlusive and mechanical properties of semisolid SLNs were also evaluated because of their impression on the dermal behavior of the formulations. METHOD: The occlusive properties were investigated by in vitro occlusion test. Texture analysis was performed to define the hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and elasticity of the formulations. Rat skin was chosen to evaluate the ex vivo penetration of etofenamate loaded semisolid SLNs and commercial gel product. Coumarin-6 was used to visualize the dermal distribution of the semisolid SLN formulations. For monitorizing the penetration of coumarin-6 into the skin samples Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy was employed. RESULTS: The occlusive and mechanical properties of C1 coded semisolid SLN formulation were found more favorable in comparison with P1. The cumulative etofenamate amount in skin samples was found to be 39.88 ± 1.50 µg/cm2 for C1 and 30.56 ± 2.10 µg/cm2 for P1 coded formulations. According to CLSM images, greater fluorescence intensities and deeper skin penetrations were obtained with both of the semisolid SLNs in comparison to plain Carbopol gel. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the semisolid SLNs are promising alternative dermal drug delivery systems to the conventional dosage forms.


Subject(s)
Drug Delivery Systems , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Skin Absorption , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Coumarins , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacokinetics , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Nanoparticles , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Thiazoles
13.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 38(10): 1645-8, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26424024

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of skin condition on skin penetration of the very high lipophilic drug, ufenamate (UF). UF was applied to stripped or delipidized skin using liquid paraffin (LP) or purified water containing polysorbate 80 at a dose of 2 µL/cm(2). We found that UF penetration into intact and stripped skin using a water vehicle was respectively 5 and 10 times higher than that using LP. UF is freely soluble in oil and insoluble in water; thus, activity in water is higher than that in LP. Therefore, it is useful to use a water-based vehicle for both intact sites and those with defective stratum corneum (SC). Conversely, we found that delipidization of SC decreased the penetration of UF significantly with both LP and water, and the amount measured in the epidermis was 1 µg/cm(2) with both vehicles. This indicates that UF is not suitable for so-called "dry skin." This study revealed clinically relevant differences in the penetration of UF into intact, stripped, or delipidized skin conditions.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Skin/metabolism , Animals , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Lipids/chemistry , Mineral Oil/chemistry , Polysorbates/chemistry , Skin/chemistry , Skin Absorption , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Water/chemistry
14.
Pharm Dev Technol ; 20(6): 710-5, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24798887

ABSTRACT

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as etofenamate, are among the most prescribed drugs used for their analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Topical formulations have the main advantage of targeted delivery. However, drugs must overcome the skin due to its role as a physical and chemical barrier against the penetration of chemicals and microorganisms. This barrier must be altered to allow the permeation of drugs at a suitable rate to the desired site of activity. Permeation modulators can intercalate the skin outer layers causing structure disruption, opening an energetically favourable route for the drug to diffuse through. The aim of this work was the development of hydroalcoholic gels containing 5.0% (w/w) of etofenamate for topical administration with anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced drug delivery. The physical and chemical characterization, in vitro release and permeation studies and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were assessed. The gel with 30% ethanol showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity with suitable physical chemical and microbiologic characteristics. In vitro release and permeation studies revealed that the different amounts of ethanol used influenced the release profiles of etofenamate. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this formulation is an adequate vehicle for the etofenamate skin permeation.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Gels/chemistry , Skin Absorption , Administration, Topical , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Edema/drug therapy , Edema/metabolism , Edema/pathology , Ethanol/chemistry , Flufenamic Acid/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Flufenamic Acid/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Permeability , Pharmaceutical Vehicles/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Viscosity
15.
Curr Drug Deliv ; 12(2): 200-9, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24925321

ABSTRACT

Dermal application of various active substances is widely preferred for topical or systemic delivery. SLNs consist of biocompatible and non-toxic lipids and have a great potential for topical application in drugs. In this study, semisolid SLN formulations were successfully prepared by a novel one-step production method as a topical delivery system of etofenamate, an anti-inflammatory drug. Compritol 888 ATO and Precirol ATO 5 were chosen as lipid materials for the fabrication of the formulations. In-vitro evaluation of the formulations was performed in terms of encapsulation efficiency, particle size, surface charge, thermal behavior, rheological characteristics, in vitro drug release profile, kinetics, mechanisms, stability, and anti-inflammatory activity. The colloidal size and spherical shape of the particles were proved. According to the results of the rheological analysis, it was demonstrated that the semisolid SLN formulations have a gel-like structure. Stability studies showed that semisolid SLNs were stable at 4°C for a six month period. Zero order release was obtained with Precirol ATO 5, while Compritol 888 ATO followed the square root of time (Higuchi's pattern) dependent release. Semisolid SLNs showed higher inhibitory activity of COX in comparison with pure etofenamate. In conclusion, etofenamate-loaded semisolid SLN formulations can be successfully prepared in a novel one-step production method and useful for topical application.


Subject(s)
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Lipids/chemistry , Administration, Topical , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Chemical Phenomena , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/chemistry , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Drug Liberation , Drug Stability , Flufenamic Acid/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/chemistry , Flufenamic Acid/pharmacology , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles/chemistry
17.
West Indian med. j ; 61(7): 767-769, Oct. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672999

ABSTRACT

Etofenamate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Clinical findings caused by etofenamate are uncommon. Allergic contact dermatitis is the most common cutaneous reaction reported. But petechial eruption due to etofenamate had not been reported yet. This report concerns an 11-year old male with petechial eruption after application of topical etofenamate. Physicians need to be aware that patients can develop an asymptomatic purpuric eruption when etofenamate is ordered.


El etofenamato es un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE). Los hallazgos clínicos sobre los efectos del etofenamato son poco comunes. La dermatitis alérgica por contacto es la reacción cutánea más comúnmente reportada. En cambio, la erupción petequial a causa del etofenamato no se había reportado hasta ahora. Este reporte trata de un varón de 11 años de edad con erupción petequial tras la aplicación del etofenamato tópico. Es necesario que los médicos tomen conciencia de que los pacientes pueden desarrollar una erupción púrpura asintomática, a la hora de prescribir el etofenamato.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Purpura/chemically induced , Administration, Cutaneous , Flufenamic Acid/adverse effects
19.
Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars ; 40(8): 733-5, 2012 Dec.
Article in Turkish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23518891

ABSTRACT

Allergic symptoms accompanied by myocardial ischemic symptoms are defined as Kounis syndrome. Etofenamate is a safe and effective non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug that has widespread utilization. We hereby present a 71-year-old man with Kounis syndrome. Following intramuscular 1 g etofenamate injection, the clinical presentation when admitted to the emergency department (ED) was erythematous rash, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, diaphoresis, and chest pain resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest. After 10 minutes of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the electrocardiogram revealed acute inferior myocardial infarction. Patients who admit to the ED with allergic symptoms accompanied by chest pain should consider Kounis syndrome for prompt management. Electrocardiographic examination should be an essential part of the initial evaluation in such patients.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity/complications , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Chest Pain , Electrocardiography , Erythema , Flufenamic Acid/administration & dosage , Flufenamic Acid/adverse effects , Heart Arrest/therapy , Humans , Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction/complications , Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Male , Nausea , Pruritus , Sweating , Syndrome , Vomiting
20.
West Indian Med J ; 61(7): 767-9, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23620980

ABSTRACT

Etofenamate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Clinical findings caused by etofenamate are uncommon. Allergic contact dermatitis is the most common cutaneous reaction reported. But petechial eruption due to etofenamate had not been reported yet. This report concerns an 11-year old male with petechial eruption after application of topical etofenamate. Physicians need to be aware that patients can develop an asymptomatic purpuric eruption when etofenamate is ordered.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Flufenamic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Purpura/chemically induced , Administration, Cutaneous , Child , Flufenamic Acid/adverse effects , Humans , Male
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