Diagnosis and successful medical management of a renal corticomedullary abscess in a dog.

A 10-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was brought to the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center because of a suspected mass located to the right kidney. The mass was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound following a recurrent lower urinary tract infection. Abdominal computed tomography revealed 2 isoattenuating, peripherally hypoattenuating, and centrally non-contrast-enhancing nodules in the right kidney; the larger one measured 1.9 cm. Initial attempts at fine-needle aspiration were unsuccessful. The dog was returned and the mass was aspirated using ultrasound guidance under heavy sedation. Cytology confirmed the presence of septic inflammation, consistent with a renal corticomedullary abscess. The dog was administered oral enrofloxacin (15 mg/kg, q24h) after diagnosis. Ultrasound guidance was used 2 wk later, under general anesthesia, to achieve percutaneous drainage of ~0.25 mL of fluid and instillation of 5.7 mg (0.25 mL) of enrofloxacin into the abscess capsule. Two weeks after percutaneous drainage, ultrasound examination showed complete resolution of the renal corticomedullary abscess. Urine culture confirmed resolution of the urinary tract infection. To the authors' knowledge, kidney-sparing medical management has never been successfully reported in a dog with a renal corticomedullary abscess. Key clinical message: Renal corticomedullary abscesses occur infrequently in dogs. Medical management is feasible and can result in complete resolution of clinical signs and imaging abnormalities.

Diagnostic et prise en charge médicale réussie d'un abcès corticomédullaire rénal chez un chienUne chienne croisée de 10 ans, stérilisée, a été amenée au centre médical vétérinaire de l'Ohio State University en raison d'une masse suspectée située au niveau du rein droit. La masse a été diagnostiquée par échographie abdominale à la suite d'une infection récurrente du tractus urinaire inférieur. La tomodensitométrie abdominale a révélé 2 nodules isoatténuants, hypoatténuants en périphérie et centralement sans contraste dans le rein droit; le plus grand mesurait 1,9 cm. Les premières tentatives d'aspiration à l'aiguille fine ont échoué. Le chien est revenu et la masse a été aspirée sous guidage échographique sous sédation lourde. La cytologie a confirmé la présence d'une inflammation septique, compatible avec un abcès corticomédullaire rénal. Le chien a reçu de l'enrofloxacine par voie orale (15 mg/kg, toutes les 24 heures) après le diagnostic. Le guidage échographique a été utilisé 2 semaines plus tard, sous anesthésie générale, pour obtenir un drainage percutané d'environ 0,25 mL de liquide et l'instillation de 5,7 mg (0,25 mL) d'enrofloxacine dans la capsule de l'abcès. Deux semaines après le drainage percutané, l'échographie a montré une résolution complète de l'abcès corticomédullaire rénal. La culture urinaire a confirmé la résolution de l'infection des voies urinaires. À la connaissance des auteurs, une prise en charge médicale préservant les reins n'a jamais été rapportée avec succès chez un chien présentant un abcès corticomédullaire rénal.Message clinique clé:Les abcès corticomédullaires rénaux surviennent rarement chez le chien. La prise en charge médicale est réalisable et peut aboutir à une résolution complète des signes cliniques et des anomalies d'imagerie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Copper and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as green nano-probes for fluorimetric determination of delafloxacin; characterization and applications.

BACKGROUND: Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained much interest recently for being efficient probes. Their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and unique photocatalytic activities made them distinctive alternatives to other luminescent approaches like fluorescent dyes and luminous derivatization. Meanwhile, delafloxacin (DLF) is a recently approved antibacterial medicine. DLF has been authorized for the treatment of soft-tissue and skin infections as well as pneumonia. Therefore, new eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sensitive tools are needed its estimation in different matrices. RESULTS: In the proposed study, green copper and nitrogen carbon dots (Cu-N@CDs) were synthesized from a green source (plum juice with copper sulphate). Cu-N@CQDs were then characterized using multiple tools including X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, Zeta potential measurements, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. After gradually adding DLF, the developed quantum dots' fluorescence was significantly enhanced within the working range of 0.5-100.0 ng mL-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.08 and 0.27 ng mL-1, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method ranged from 96.00 to 99.12 % in recovery%, when recovered from milk and plasma samples. SIGNIFICANCE: Cu-N@CDs were utilized and validated for selectively determining DLF in several matrices including pharmaceutical forms, human plasma and in milk samples using spectrofluorimetric technique. The bio-analytical method is simple and could be used in content uniformity testing as well as in therapeutic drug monitoring in human plasma.

Activity of Fluoroquinolones and Proton Pump Inhibitors against Resistant Oral Bacterial Biofilms, in silico and in vitro Analysis.

Oral bacterial infections are a great health concern worldwide especially in diabetic patients. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance with reference to biofilms in oral cavity is of great concern. We investigated antibiotics combination with proton pump inhibitors against oral clinical isolates. The strains were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In molecular docking, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and omeprazole best fit to active pockets of transcriptional regulators 4BXI and 3QP1. None of the proton pump inhibitors were active against S. epidermidis, whereas omeprazole showed significant inhibition (MIC 3.9 µg/ml). Fluoroquinolones were active against both S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In combination analysis, a marked decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration was noticed with omeprazole (MIC 0.12 µg/ml). In antiquorum sensing experiments, a significant inhibitory zone was shown for all fluoroquinolones (14-20 mm), whereas among proton pump inhibitors, only omeprazole (12 ± 0.12 mm) was active against Chromobacterium violaceum. In combination analysis, a moderate increase in antiquorum sensing activity was recorded for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and proton pump inhibitors. Further, significant S. aureus biofilm eradication was recorded using of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and omeprazole combination (78 ± 2.1%). The time-kill kinetic studies indicated a bactericidal effect by ciprofloxacin: levofloxacin: omeprazole combination over 24 hrs. It was concluded that fluoroquinolone combined with omeprazole could be an effective treatment option for eradicating oral bacterial biofilms.

The fluoroquinolones may positively affect tendon healing after surgical repair.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical and histological effects of fluoroquinolones on surgically repaired tendon healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Achilles tendons of 40 Wistar rats (mean weight: 213.5 g; range 201 to 242 g) were bilaterally surgically cut and repaired. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the first and third groups were designated as control groups and did not receive drug therapy, whereas the second and fourth groups received 300 mg/kg ciprofloxacin for a week after the surgical procedure. The first and second groups had both tendons dissected at the end of the first week, while the third and fourth groups were dissected at the end of the third week. The left tendons were examined biomechanically, while the right tendons were examined histologically. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that the mean maximum tensile forces of tendons in the first and second groups were 5.2±1.84 N (range, 2.9 to 8.5 N) and 11.1±2.65 N (range, 7.3 to 13.9 N), respectively, which was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05). At the end of the third week, mean maximum tensile forces of the third and fourth groups were determined to be 20.7±5.0 N (range, 22.1 to 29.8 N) and 28.7±4.6 N (range, 22.1 to 36.8 N), respectively, which was also statistically significant (p< 0.05). Histologically, our results were compatible. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ciprofloxacin did not exhibit the expected adverse effects on surgically repaired tendon healing in the early stages but likely contributed to healing in the short term by affecting the inflammatory phase.

Adsorption/desorption of enrofloxacin in farmland soil as the effect of pH and coexisting ions: implications for enrofloxacin fate and risk in loess soil.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been extensively used in clinical treatments for human and animal diseases. However, their long-term presence in the environment increases the risk of producing resistance genes and creates a potential threat to ecosystems and the health of humans and animals. Batch equilibrium experiments were utilized to investigate the adsorption and retention behavior and mechanism of the quinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in farmland soil in North China. The adsorption and desorption kinetics of ENR in soil were best fitted by pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.999). Both the adsorption and desorption processes of ENR in soil reached equilibrium in 1 h. The desorption amounts of ENR were significantly lower than the adsorption amounts, with the hysteresis coefficient (HI) being less than 0.7. The adsorption thermodynamic process of ENR followed the Linear and Freundlich models (0.965 < R2 < 0.985). Hydrophobic distribution and heterogeneous multimolecular layer adsorption were identified as critical factors in the adsorption process. The adsorption amount of ENR gradually decreased with increasing temperature and the initial concentration of ENR. The adsorption rate of ENR was above 80%, while the desorption rate remained below 15%, indicating strong retention ability. The adsorption rate of ENR in soil decreased with increasing pH, the adsorption rate reached 98.3% at pH 3.0 but only 31.5% at pH 11. The influence of coexisting ions on adsorption primarily depended on their properties, such as ion radius, ionic strength, and hydrolysis properties, and the inhibition of adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength. These findings contribute to understanding the fate and risk of veterinary antibiotics in loess soil in North China.

Non-antibiotic pharmaceutical phenylbutazone binding to MexR reduces the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Antimicrobial resistance has been an increasingly serious threat to global public health. The contribution of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals to the development of antibiotic resistance has been overlooked. Our study found that the anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone could protect P. aeruginosa against antibiotic mediated killing by binding to the efflux pump regulator MexR. In this study, antibiotic activity against P. aeruginosa alone or in combination with phenylbutazone was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Resazurin accumulation assay, transcriptomic sequencing, and PISA assay were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism for the reduced antibiotic susceptibility caused by phenylbutazone. Then EMSA, ITC, molecular dynamic simulations, and amino acid substitutions were used to investigate the interactions between phenylbutazone and MexR. We found that phenylbutazone could reduce the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to multiple antibiotics, including parts of ß-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Phenylbutazone could directly bind to MexR, then promote MexR dissociating from the mexA-mexR intergenic region and de-repress the expression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump. The overexpressed MexAB-OprM pump resulted in the reduced antibiotic susceptibility. And the His41 and Arg21 residues of MexR were involved in the phenylbutazone-MexR interaction. We hope this study would imply the potential risk of antibiotic resistance caused by non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals.

Fluorescence array sensor based on lanthanide complex for pattern recognition detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, a class of animal and human useful antibiotics, are widely utilized in numerous fields including biomedical science, animal husbandry, and aquatic finfish farming. Its high demand and wide application have directly or indirectly led to substantial consumption and discharge of antibiotics, affecting not only the environment but also endangering human health through bioaccumulation. Hence, rapid and precise detection of trace antibiotics in water, food, and biological samples is critically important. This research synthesized Tb3+/Eu3+ complexes with dual emission centers, and a fluorescence sensor array was constructed with the fluorescence intensity ratio F1/F2 of the two emission centers as a signal. Different sensitization effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotics towards lanthanide complexes aided in differentiating five fluoroquinolone antibiotics from two others. Additionally, the sensor array can effectively detect fluoroquinolone antibiotics in real samples, suggesting its reliability and practicality of complex sample analysis. The excellent qualitative and quantitative analysis ability of this strategy for fluoroquinolone antibiotics offers a novel perspective for antibiotic residue detection, showcasing a new opportunity for lanthanide complex application in sensor arrays.

Mycobacterium smegmatis MfpC is a GEF that regulates mfpA translationally to alter the fluoroquinolone efficacy.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a serious threat to global public health. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are effective against M. tuberculosis; however, resistant strains have limited their efficacy. Mycobacterium fluoroquinolone resistance protein A (MfpA) confers intrinsic resistance to FQs; however, its regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using M. smegmatis as a model, we investigated whether MfpC is necessary for FQ susceptibility. MfpC mutants were sensitive to moxifloxacin, indicating that MfpC is involved in FQ susceptibility. By testing the mfpC inactivation phenotype in different mutants and using mycobacterial protein fragment complementation, we demonstrated that the function of MfpC depends on its interactions with MfpB. Guanine nucleotide exchange assays and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that MfpC acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to regulate MfpB. We propose that MfpB influences MfpA at the translational level. In summary, we reveal the role of MfpC in regulating the function of MfpA in FQ resistance.

Laccase mediated transformation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: Analyzing degradation pathways and assessing algal toxicity.

Improper waste disposal or inadequate wastewater treatment can result in pharmaceuticals reaching water bodies, posing environmental hazards. In this study, crude extracts containing the laccase enzyme from Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus sajor caju were used to degrade the fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL), and enrofloxacin (ENR) in aqueous solutions. The results for the fungi derived laccase extracts were compared with those obtained using commercially sourced laccase. Proteomics analysis of the crude extracts confirmed the presence of laccase enzyme across all three tested species, with proteins matching those found in Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus. In vivo studies were conducted using species pure lines of fungal whole cells. The highest degradation efficiency observed was 77.7% for LEV in the presence of P. sajor caju after 25 days of treatment. Degradation efficiencies ranged from approximately 60-72% for P. florida, 45-76% for P. eryngii, and 47-78% for P. sajor caju. A series of in vitro experiments were also conducted using crude extracts from the three species and outcomes compared with those obtained when commercial laccase was used confirmed laccase as the enzyme responsible for antibiotic removal. The degradation efficiencies in vitro surpassed those measured in vivo, ranging from approximately 91-98% for commercial laccase, 77-92% for P. florida, 76-92% for P. eryngii, and 78-88% for P. sajor caju. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified the degradation products, indicating a consistent enzymatic degradation pathway targeting the piperazine moiety common to all tested FQs, irrespective of the initial antibiotic structure. Phytoplankton toxicity studies with Dunaliella tertiolecta were performed to aid in understanding the impact of emerging contaminants on ecosystems, and by-products were analysed for ecotoxicity to assess treatment efficacy. Laccase-mediated enzymatic oxidation shows promising results in reducing algal toxicity, notably with Pleurotus eryngii extract achieving a 97.7% decrease for CIP and a 90% decrease for LEV. These findings suggest the potential of these naturally sourced extracts in mitigating antibiotic contamination in aquatic ecosystems.

Successful treatment of intestinal malakoplakia in a French Bulldog.

Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous inflammation that has mainly been reported in the urinary bladder of dogs. Only one case of canine colonic malakoplakia has been reported to date; however, successful treatment of this disease has not been reported. Here, we report a case of colonic malakoplakia in a 5-month-old spayed female French Bulldog. The dog was referred to a veterinarian because of chronic diarrhea and mucinous blood feces; empirical treatment did not improve its condition. Histologically, numerous macrophages containing periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules infiltrated the lamina propria of the large intestine. Furthermore, targetoid basophilic inclusion bodies (Michaelis-Gutmann bodies) were observed. Complete clinical remission was achieved after 8 months of enrofloxacin treatment and favorable progress after 2 months of medication.

Removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotic and sulfonated dye by functionalized Persea americana seed powder: Appraisal on phase transfer kinetics, equilibrium, economics, and applications in rural settings.

The study focuses on reactive orange 16 (RO16), a sulfonated dye, and ciprofloxacin (CiP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic treatment from aquatic surface by adsorption. The functionalized Persea americana seed powder (PASP) was developed by acid hydrolysis technique and investigated for RO16 and CiP removal in batch scale at different concentrations for CiP and RO16, pH (2-8), contact duration and temperature (303-318K). Utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), the generated native PASP were assessed for their morphological characteristics. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to examine the performing characteristics of PASP. Experimental findings with four kinetic mathematical models allowed the estimation of the process involved in the biosorption. The most effective agreement was explained by the pseudo-second-order model and Sips isotherm (Cip = 34.603 mg/g and RO16 = 30.357 mg/g) at 303K temperature. For Cip Process economics of the biosorbent was done, and it was observed that it was less than the readily market-available activated carbon.

Fate of emerging antibiotics in soil-plant systems: A case on fluoroquinolones.

Fluoroquinolones (FQs), a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics widely used to treat human and animal diseases globally, have limited adsorption and are often excreted unchanged or as metabolites. These compounds enter the soil environment through feces, urban wastewater, or discharge of biological solids. The fluorine atoms in FQs impart high electronegativity, chemical stability, and resistance to microbial degradation, allowing them to potentially enter food chains. The persistence of FQs in soils raises questions about their impacts on plant growth, an aspect not yet conclusively determined. We reviewed whether, like other organic compounds, FQs are actively absorbed by plants, resulting in bioaccumulation and posing threats to human health. The influx of FQs has led to antibiotic resistance in soil microbes by exerting selective pressure and contributing to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the environmental risks of FQs warrant further attention. This work provides a comprehensive review of the fate and behavior of FQs at the plant-environment interface, their migration and transport from the environment into plants, and associated toxicity. Current limitations in research are discussed and prospects for future investigations outlined. Thus, understanding antibiotic behavior in plants and translocation within tissues is not only crucial for ecosystem health (plant health), but also assessing potential human health risks. In addition, it can offer insights into the fate of emerging soil pollutants in plant-soil systems.

Computational simulation-assisted template selection of magnetic MOFs molecularly imprinted materials applying the adsorption and detection of multiple fluoroquinolones.

This study utilized computational simulation and surface molecular imprinting technology to develop a magnetic metal-organic framework molecularly imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@ZIF-8@SMIP) capable of selectively recognizing and detecting multiple fluoroquinolones (FQs). The Fe3O4@ZIF-8@SMIP material was synthesized using the "common" template-ofloxacin, identified by computational simulation, demonstrating notable adsorption capacity (88.61-212.93 mg g-1) and rapid mass-transfer features (equilibration time: 2-3 min) for all tested FQs, consistent with Langmuir adsorption model. Subsequently, this material was employed as a magnetic solid-phase-extraction adsorbent for adsorption and detection of multiple FQs by combining with high performance liquid chromatography. The developed method exhibited good linearity for various FQs within the concentration range of 0.1-500 µg L-1, with low limit of detection (0.0605-0.1529 µg L-1) and limit of quantitation (0.2017-0.5097 µg L-1). Satisfactory recoveries (88.38-103.44%) were obtained when applied to spiked food samples, demonstrating the substantial potential of this Fe3O4@ZIF-8@SMIP material for rapid enrichment and identification for multiple FQs residues.

Risk assessment and transmission of fluoroquinolone resistance in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study.

Fluoroquinolone resistance is a major challenge in treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis globally. The GenoType MTBDRsl Ver 2.0, endorsed by the WHO, was used to characterize fluoroquinolone resistance. The fluoroquinolone resistance rates in the MDR-TB, Rifampicin-Resistant TB, and non-MDR-TB were 33%, 16.5%, and 5.4%, respectively. The most common mutation found in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates was D94G (49.5%) in the gyrA gene. Of the 150 MDR-TB isolates, the prevalence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and pre-XDR-TB was 1.33% and 30%, respectively. Among the 139 RR-TB isolates, pre-XDR-TB prevalence was 15.8%. The fluoroquinolone resistance rates were 5.12% among the 1230 isoniazid-monoresistant isolates. The study found that MDR-TB and RR-TB have higher risk of fluoroquinolone resistance than non-MDR tuberculosis. Rifampicin-resistant isolates with a mutation at codon S450L have a higher risk (RR = 12.96; 95%CI: 8.34-20.13) of developing fluoroquinolone resistance than isolates with mutations at other codons in the rpoB gene. Isoniazid-resistant isolates with a mutation at codon S315T have a higher risk (RR = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.25-3.50) of developing fluoroquinolone resistance. The study concludes that rapid diagnosis of fluoroquinolone resistance before starting treatment is urgently needed to prevent the spread and increase of resistance and to achieve better treatment outcomes in areas where it is higher.

A triple-channel sensor array utilizing fluorescent carbon dots for simultaneous discrimination and detection of multiple fluoroquinolones.

The presence of fluoroquinolones (FQs) residues in food and the environment has prompted concerns regarding food safety and public health. Consequently, it is of great significance to analyze the types and levels of FQs present. However, the majority of studies have concentrated on the specific detection of individual FQs, with a notable absence of high-throughput and rapid analysis methods for the simultaneous detection of multiple FQs that may coexist in food and the environment. Hereon, a triple-channel sensor array was successfully constructed utilizing fluorescent carbon dots (TA-CDs), with the assistance of Cu2+ and Fe3+, for the qualitative discrimination and quantitative detection of eight types of FQs. The sensor array can distinguish between different concentrations of FQs and various mixtures of FQs, as well as 100 % accuracy in the discrimination of unknown samples. Impressively, the sensor platform can quantitatively detect FQs in animal-derived foods, such as honey, milk, eggs, and pork, as well as in water samples. This research has the potential to be extended to other analytes with similar chemical structures or properties.

Oral Antibiotics and Risk of Serious Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.

Importance: Serious cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) are potentially life-threatening drug hypersensitivity reactions involving the skin and internal organs. Antibiotics are a recognized cause of these reactions, but no studies have compared relative risks across antibiotic classes. Objectives: To explore the risk of serious cADRs associated with commonly prescribed oral antibiotics, and to characterize outcomes of patients hospitalized for them. Design, Setting, and Participants: Nested case-control study using population-based linked administrative datasets among adults aged 66 years or older who received at least 1 oral antibiotic between 2002 and 2022 in Ontario, Canada. Cases were those who had an emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for serious cADRs within 60 days of the prescription, and each case was matched with up to 4 controls who did not. Exposure: Various classes of oral antibiotics. Main Outcomes and Measures: Conditional logistic regression estimate of the association between different classes of oral antibiotics and serious cADRs, using macrolides as the reference group. Results: During the 20-year study period, we identified 21 758 older adults (median age, 75 years; 64.1% female) who had an ED visit or hospitalization for serious cADRs following antibiotic therapy and 87 025 matched controls who did not. In the primary analysis, sulfonamide antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 2.7-3.1) and cephalosporins (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.5-2.8) were most strongly associated with serious cADRs relative to macrolides. Additional associations were evident with nitrofurantoin (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1-2.4), penicillins (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5), and fluoroquinolones (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4). The crude rate of ED visits or hospitalization for cADRs was highest for cephalosporins (4.92 per 1000 prescriptions; 95% CI, 4.86-4.99) and sulfonamide antibiotics (3.22 per 1000 prescriptions; 95% CI, 3.15-3.28). Among the 2852 case patients hospitalized for cADRs, the median length of stay was 6 days (IQR, 3-13 days), 9.6% required transfer to a critical care unit, and 5.3% died in the hospital. Conclusion and Relevance: Commonly prescribed oral antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of serious cADRs compared with macrolides, with sulfonamides and cephalosporins carrying the highest risk. Prescribers should preferentially use lower-risk antibiotics when clinically appropriate.

Broad-spectrum degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics by Hemin-His-Fe nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity.

Fluoroquinolones are a widely used class of antibiotics, with a large variety, which are frequently monitored in the aqueous environment, threatening ecological and human health. To date, effective degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics remains a major challenge. Focused on the broad-spectrum degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, a novel biomimetic peroxidase nanozyme named Hemin-His-Fe (HHF)-peroxidase nanozyme was synthesized through a green and rapid "one-pot" method involving hemin, Fmoc-L-His and Fe2+ as precursors. After systematic optimization of the reaction conditions, fluoroquinolone antibiotics can be degraded by the HHF-peroxidase nanozyme when supplemented with H2O2 in acidic environments. Through validation and analysis, it was proved that the generated strong oxidative hydroxyl radicals are the main active species in the degradation process. In addition, it was verified that this method shows great universal applicability in real water samples.

High performance enrichment and analysis of fluoroquinolones residues in environmental water using cobalt ion mediated paper-based molecularly imprinted polymer chips.

BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are widely used for their excellent antimicrobial properties, yet their release into aquatic environments pose risks to ecosystems and public health. The accurate monitoring and analysis of FQs present challenges due to their low concentrations and the complex matrices found in actual environmental samples. To address the need for auto-pretreatment and on-line instrumental analysis, developing new microextraction materials and protocols is crucial. Such advancements will provide better analytical assurance for the effective extraction and determination of FQs at trace levels, which is of great significance to environmental protection and human health. RESULTS: In this work, we presented a Co2+ mediated paper-based molecularly imprinted polymer chip (CMC@Co-MIP), combined with UPLC analysis, to develop an effective analytical method for identifying and quantifying trace amounts of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) in water samples. Notably, the addition of Co2+ in CMC@Co-MIP helped to capture the template molecule CIP through coordination before imprinting, which significantly improved the ordering of the imprinted cavities. CMC@Co-MIP exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity up to 500.20 mg g-1 with an imprinting factor of 4.12, surpassing previous reports by a significant margin. Furthermore, the enrichment mechanism was extensively analyzed by various characterization techniques. The developed method showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility (RSD < 13.0 %) with detection limits ranging from 0.15 to 0.21 µg L-1 and recoveries ranging from 64.9 % to 102.3 % in real spiked water samples. SIGNIFICANCE: We developed a novel microextraction paper-based chip based on Co2+ mediation, which effectively improved the selectivity and convenience of extracting FQs. This breakthrough allowed the chip to have a high enrichment efficiency as well as provide a robust on-line instrumental program. It also confirms that the imprinting scheme based on metal ion coordination is a high-performance strategy.

Recent Development of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world following cardiovascular disease. Its treatment, including radiation therapy and surgical removal of the tumour, is based on pharmacotherapy, which prompts a constant search for new and more effective drugs. There are high costs associated with designing, synthesising, and marketing new substances. Drug repositioning is an attractive solution. Fluoroquinolones make up a group of synthetic antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity in bacterial diseases. Moreover, those compounds are of particular interest to researchers as a result of reports of their antiproliferative effects on the cells of the most lethal cancers. This article presents the current progress in the development of new fluoroquinolone derivatives with potential anticancer and cytotoxic activity, as well as structure-activity relationships, along with possible directions for further development.