[Development of a method for determining antidepressant drugs in nails and its usefulness in forensic toxicology]. / Opracowanie metody oznaczania leków przeciwdepresyjnych w paznokciach i jej wykorzystanie w toksykologii sadowej.

The report presents the possibility of using alternative material in determinations of antidepressants taking as exemplified by flupentixol. At the first stage of the study, the method of flupentixol isolation from nails and its identification were elaborated. Determinations were performed in fingernail/toenail samples originating from individuals who had been administered flupentixol in therapeutic doses for at least 12 months before sample collection. The nails were obtained 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 months after discontinuing the drug administration. The determinations were made by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrophotometry (LC-ESI-MS). The study showed that 4 months after discontinuing the drug, the nail flupentixol concentration was within the range of 0.086-0.109 ng/mg, after 6 months, the drug level was 0.036-0.042 ng/mg, after 7 months, it was 0.018-0.021 ng/mg and after 8 months - 0.020-0.022 ng/mg. Ten months after discontinuation of therapy, flupentixol was no longer found in nails.

Separation of cis- and trans-isomers of thioxanthene and dibenz[b,e]oxepin derivatives on calixarene- and resorcinarene-bonded high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases.

The chromatographic behavior of six calix[n]arene phases (n=4, 6, 8) and one calix[4]resorcinarene phase is described for the separation of cis- and trans-isomers of three thioxanthene (flupentixol, clopenthixol, chlorprothixene) and one benz[b,e]oxepin derivative (doxepin). The influences of two different organic modifiers (MeOH, MeCN) for the separation of the isomers on every column are described. Different selectivities of the stationary phases exist as a function of the ring size of the calixarenes and their substitution at the "upper rim" with p-tert.-butyl groups. Furthermore, the influence of free phenol groups on the resorcinarene phase is discussed. Relations between structural elements of the analytes and the retention behavior on the stationary phases are found. The selectivity of the calixarene and resorcinarene stationary phases is compared with a RP-C18 phase containing the same base silica. Advantages of the resorcinarene as well as of the calixarene columns exist for the separation of cis- and trans-isomers of three compounds dependent from the substitution in position 2 of the thioxanthenes, respectively the kind of the basic side chain of all substances.