Abscesso dentoalveolar crônico em paciente pediátrico com drenagem rara / Absceso dentoalveolar crónico en paciente pediátrico con drenaje raro / Chronic dentoalveolar abscess in a pediatric patient with rare drainage

RESUMO Introdução: As infecções do complexo maxillomandibular são corriqueiras na odontologia, podendo ser um quadro facilmente revertido, a depender da habilidade do profissional de diagnosticar e tratar precocemente, bem como da imunocompetência do paciente. Seu fator etiológico na grande maioria das vezes é de origem dentária, possuindo microbiota mista com presença de Streptococos e Peptostreptococos. Estas bactérias estão associadas ao processo de necrose pulpar e formação de abscesso dentoalveolar. Quando este quadro se desenvolve a partir dos molares inferiores, a disseminação ocorre normalmente pelo espaço vestíbulo bucal. No entanto, há casos que evadem o padrão, podendo um molar disseminar através dos espaços mastigador, mandibular, submandibular, sublingual e submentoniano. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de infecção odontogênica do dente 36, com disseminação atípica para o espaço submandibular em paciente pediátrico. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente do sexo feminino, 8 anos de idade, constou em seu histórico odonto-médico, junto a sua genitora, episódio de internamento para diagnóstico e tratamento da infecção em face. O diagnóstico de celulite foi determinado e a origem dentária descartada. Iniciou antibióticoterapia e após regressão teve alta. Após 9 meses apresentou reagudização do processo com disseminação para região submandibular. Através da história da doença atual, exame físico e radiográfico foi definido o diagnóstico de abscesso dentoalveolar crônico com disseminação e drenagem para o espaço submandibular, optando-se pela exodontia e antibióticoterapia. Conclusões: Faz-se importante o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, afim de evitar a progressão para complicações mais severas, como a mediastinite e fasciíte necrosante(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Las infecciones del complejo maxilo-mandibular son comunes en la odontología, pudiendo ser un cuadro fácilmente revertido, que depende de la habilidad del profesional de diagnosticar y tratar precozmente, así como de la inmunocompetencia del paciente. Su factor etiológico en la gran mayoría de las veces es de origen dental, con microbiota mixta y presencia de Streptococos y Peptostreptococos. Estas bacterias están asociadas al proceso de necrosis pulpar y formación de absceso dentoalveolar. Cuando este cuadro se desarrolla a partir de los molares inferiores, la diseminación ocurre normalmente por el espacio vestíbulo bucal. Sin embargo, hay casos que evaden el estándar, pudiendo un molar diseminar a través de los espacios masticador, mandibular, submandibular, sublingual y submentoniano. Objetivo: Describir un caso de infección odontogénica proveniente de necrosis pulpar del diente 36, con diseminación atípica para el espacio submandibular en paciente pediátrico. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, de 8 años, constó en su historia médica-dental, episodio de internamiento para diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección en el rostro. Se determinó el diagnóstico de celulitis y tuvo el origen dental descartado. Se inició antibioticoterapia y se dio alta hospitalaria. Después de 9 meses presentó exacerbación del proceso con diseminación para región submandibular. A través de la historia de la enfermedad actual, examen físico y radiográfico se definió el diagnóstico de absceso dentoalveolar crónico con diseminación y drenaje para el espacio submandibular, y entonces fue posible optar por la exodoncia y antibioticoterapia. Conclusiones: Se hace importante el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, a fin de evitar la progresión para complicaciones más severas, como la mediastinitis y fasciitis necrosante(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Infections of the maxillomandibular complex are common in dentistry and may be easily reversed, depending on the professional's ability to diagnose and treat promptly, as well as the patient's immunocompetence. In most cases their etiology is dental, i.e. a mixed microbiota with presence of Streptococci and Peptostreptococci. These bacteria are associated to the process of pulp necrosis and dentoalveolar abscess formation. When this condition develops from the lower molars, dissemination usually occurs through the buccal vestibular space. However, there are cases that do not follow this pattern, allowing a molar to spread through the buccal, mandibular, submandibular, sublingual and submental spaces. Objective: Report a case of odontogenic infection from pulp necrosis of the lower first molar (36) ​​with atypical dissemination to the submandibular space in a pediatric patient. Clinical case: Female 8-year-old patient with an episode of hospitalization for diagnosis and treatment of a facial infection, according to her medical / dental record. The infection was diagnosed as cellulitis and dental origin was discarded. Antibiotic therapy was started and the patient was discharged. After 9 months, the infection underwent a process of exacerbation with dissemination to the submandibular region. Analysis of the antecedents of the current condition, alongside physical and radiographic examination, led to the diagnosis of chronic dentoalveolar abscess with dissemination and drainage to the submandibular space, and the consequent indication of dental extraction and antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to avoid progression to severer complications such as mediastinitis and necrotizing fasciitis(AU)

[A renewed focus on extra-oral manifestations of oral infections]. / Hernieuwde aandacht voor extraorale gevolgen van ontstekingen in de mond.

Dental focal infections are extraoral manifestations caused by oral pathogens. Pathological oral conditions, such as periapical inflammation and periodontitis, can cause bacteremia. Dissemination of oral pathogens to nonoral sites can subsequently cause infections in extraoral tissues and organs. Cardiovascular infections and brain abscesses are the most common of these. The course of such infections can be lethal. In order to improve patient care, a closer collaboration between dental and medical caregivers is necessary.

Celulitis facial odontógena en pacientes del Hospital Lenin de Holguín / Odontogenic Facial Cellulitis in Patients from Lenin Hospital of Holguín

Introducción: la celulitis odontógena es una inflamación difusa del tejido celular subcutáneo que se extiende por los espacios entre el tejido celular a más de una región anatómica a causa de la infección de uno o varios dientes o de enfermedades asociadas al tejido dentario o de sostén. Es una de las infecciones más frecuente y la urgencia más grave que puede presentarse en la práctica esto­matológica.Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la celulitis facial odontógena en los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Vladímir Ilich Lenin, Holguín.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos durante los años 2014 y 2015. El universo estuvo constituido por 54 pacientes con celulitis facial odontógena, la muestra quedó conformada por 51 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, grupos de edad, etiología, grupo dentario, regiones anatómicas y clasificación clínica.Resultados: existió un predominio del sexo masculino y el grupo de edad de 35-59 años representado por el 62,75 por ciento y el 60,78 por ciento respectivamente. La principal etiología fue la caries dental con el 68,63 por ciento. El grupo dentario de los molares inferiores fue el más afectado con un 41,18 por ciento. La región submandibular fue la más afectada en el 25,49 por ciento. La celulitis moderada resultó ser la más frecuente representando el 74,51 por ciento.Conclusiones: la etiología de la infección fue variada al igual que las regiones anatómicas afectadas.(AU)

Introduction: odontogenic cellulitis is an undefined inflammation of the subcutaneous cell tissue that spreads over the spaces between the cell tissue in addition to an anatomic region because of the infection of one or several teeth or of correlated conditions of the dental and support tissues. It is one of the most frequent infections and the most serious urgency that can be presented in stomatological practice.Objective: to characterize the odontogenic facial cellulitis incidence in the patients attended at Vladímir Ilich Lenin Hospital, Holguín.Method: a descriptive study of series of cases was performed during the years 2014 and 2015. The universe was composed of 54 patients with odontogenic facial cellulitis. The sample comprised 51 patients. The studied variables were: sex, age bracket, etiology, dental group, anatomic regions and clinical classification.Results: the male sex was the most frequently affected and the age group between 35-59 representing 62.75 percent and 60.78 percent respectively. The main etiology was the dental cavity with 68.63 percent. The dental group of the inferior molars was the most affected one (41.18 percent). The region submandibular was the most affected one in 25.49 percent of patients. The moderate cellulitis turned out to be the most frequent, representing 74.51 percent.Conclusions: the etiology of infection was varied just like the anatomic affected regions.(AU)

Urinary enzymatic markers (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) in assessing the tubulointerstitial compartment in chronic glomerulonephritis related to odontogenic foci.

Chronic glomerulonephritis is related to focus infection. Odontogenic foci are frequently involved in glomerulonephritis. The relationship with the odontogenic focus infection can be demonstrated by the occurrence or aggravation of the symptoms of glomerulonephritis: proteinuria, haematuria, high blood pressure and oedema. Glomerular impairment in glomerulonephritis occurs together with inflammatory alterations of the tubulointerstitial compartment that can play an important part in the evolution of the disease. Tubular urinary markers can indicate the activation of this compartment during an infection of a focus, an odontogenic focus in our study.The paper aims at demonstrating the relationship between the odontogenic focus infection and tubulointerstitial lesions, assessed by a tubular urinary marker, N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG).We investigated the urinary N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase of 20 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis who presented odontogenic focus infections, comparing them with patients with chronic glomerulonephritis without odontogenic foci and of 20 controls, clinically healthy persons.Chronic glomerulonephritis patients with odontogenic focus infection presented clearly increased values as compared to clinically healthy control persons of urinary N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase.These patients underwent surgical intervention on the odontogenic focus under antibacterial prophylactic treatment. In 75% cases, the values of N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase diminished, indicating the favourable effect of the treatment of the odontogenic focus on the tubulointerstitial compartment in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. In 25% cases this therapeutic treatment was associated with an increase of the values of urinary N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase, expressing its unfavourable effect on chronic glomerulonephritis.Urinary N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase indicated an etiopathogenetic relationship between the odontogenic focus and the tubulointerstitial compartment in chronic glomerulonephritis.

Infección del seno maxilar por desplazamiento accidental de un implante dental: cirugía de Caldwell Luc / Sinus infection by accidental displacement of a dental implant: Caldwell Luc surgery

El desplazamiento accidental de los implantes dentales hacia el seno maxilar es una complicación poco frecuente, pero potencial en los procedimientos de implantología, debido a las características de la morfología y densidad del sector posterior del maxilar superior desdentado. Ante esta complicación, es imperativa la remoción inmediata o temprana del implante, ya sea por vía endoscópica o mediante el abordaje de Caldwell Luc, conservando la membrana sinusal, ya que una vez infectado el seno y producida una sinusitis crónica maxilar, con cambios irreversibles en la morfología de la membrana, obligará a realizar una cirugía radical de seno. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, así como la presentación de un caso clínico con su resolución quirúrgica

Infección del seno maxilar por desplazamiento accidental de un implante dental: cirugía de Caldwell Luc / Sinus infection by accidental displacement of a dental implant: Caldwell Luc surgery

El desplazamiento accidental de los implantes dentales hacia el seno maxilar es una complicación poco frecuente, pero potencial en los procedimientos de implantología, debido a las características de la morfología y densidad del sector posterior del maxilar superior desdentado. Ante esta complicación, es imperativa la remoción inmediata o temprana del implante, ya sea por vía endoscópica o mediante el abordaje de Caldwell Luc, conservando la membrana sinusal, ya que una vez infectado el seno y producida una sinusitis crónica maxilar, con cambios irreversibles en la morfología de la membrana, obligará a realizar una cirugía radical de seno. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, así como la presentación de un caso clínico con su resolución quirúrgica(AU)

Focos sépticos bucales en pacientes con uveítis / Oral sepsis in patients with uveitis

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 26 pacientes con uveítis, atendidos en el Servicio de Estomatología del Hospital General Docente Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde mayo hasta diciembre del 2011, con vistas a describir las infecciones bucales frecuentemente asociadas a dicha afección y la importancia del tratamiento estomatológico en estos enfermos. La información se obtuvo de las entrevistas y las historias clínicas; además, se realizó examen físico intrabucal y estudio radiográfico para diagnosticar y tratar la presencia de caries, procesos periapicales, procesos pulpares y enfermedades periodontales. Se empleó el programa SPSS versión 10.0 y como medidas de resumen, los índices y los porcentajes. Todos los afectados presentaron algún tipo de infección bucal, con mayor frecuencia de las periodontitis y los procesos periapicales en dientes posteriores del maxilar superior. La agudeza visual tuvo gran mejoría debido al tratamiento conjunto oftalmológico y estomatológico(AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 26 patients with uveitis, treated at the Stomatology Department of Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from May to December 2011, in order to describe oral infections often associated with this condition and the importance of dental treatment in these patients. Data were obtained from interviews and medical records. Moreover, oral examination and radiographic study were performed to diagnose and treat dental caries, periapical and pulpal conditions and periodontal diseases. The software SPSS version 10.0 and rates and percentages as summary measure were used. All patients had some type of oral infection with increased frequency of periodontitis and periapical conditions in posterior maxillary teeth. Visual acuity greatly improved due to combined dental and ophthalmological treatment(AU)

Health considerations for oral piercing and the policies that influence them.

With the increase in popularity of piercings, the health care professional needs to be aware of the complications that can occur due to lack of regulations of the piercing establishments. Due to lack of training of piercing professionals and lack of enforcement of sterilization procedures, infection and life threatening complications can arise. Complications include, but are not limited to, hemorrhage, nerve damage, gingival recession, HIV, tongue swelling, tooth fracture, Bactermia, Ludwigs angina, increase salivary flow, jewelry aspiration, and localized infection. Texas requires an individual to be 18 years of age to receive a piercing. However, Texas does not regulate the piercing establishment or the artist providing the services. Oral health care providers should be aware of the lacking regulations of piercing studios so they can be more vigilant of oral complications that may occur.

Infection from an exfoliating primary tooth in a child with severe neutropenia: a case report.

In patients with deficient immune defenses, a localized oral infection can progress to a systemic infection. The purpose of this paper was to describe the case of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with fever, trismus, and submandibular swelling in the absence of the typical dental causes of infection such as deep dental caries or clinically significant periodontal disease. Treatment included an aggressive intravenous antibiotic regimen and extraction of the offending tooth after the recovery from bone marrow suppression.

Multiple brain abscess from dental origin: case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Brain abscess of dental origin is a rare situation and deserves attention due to its high mortality rate even when adequate treatment is done. Few reports are available when dental origin is the main cause of this infection. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 70-year-old man diagnosed with cerebral abscess caused by apical lesions located at superior and inferior teeth. The three lesions containing pus were drained from anterior and posterior brain region and the laboratory evaluation revealed the presence of Streptococcus viridians and Bacteroides. Postoperative period was uneventful with excellent recovery after 1 year of surgery. Final diagnosis was able to be done due to excellent image exams availability like computer tomography and magnetic resonance using diffusion and perfusion techniques. DISCUSSION: The early detection of this pathology with the correct diagnosis essential to give the patient the best treatment including antimicrobial drugs and drainage is of extreme importance.

Celulitis facial odontogénica / Odontogenic facial cellulitis

Fundamento: la celulitis facial odontogénica es un proceso inflamatorio agudo que se manifiesta de formas muy diferentes, con una escala variable del cuadro clínico que va desde los procesos inocuos bien delimitados, hasta los progresivos y difusos que pueden desarrollar complicaciones que lleven al paciente a un estado crítico con peligro para la vida.Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la celulitis facial odontogénica.Métodos: estudio descriptivo de serie de casos realizado en la clínica estomatológica de Aguada de Pasajeros, Cienfuegos, desde septiembre de 2010 hasta marzo de 2011, sobre 56 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se analizaron las variables: sexo, edad, dientes y regiones afectadas, causas de la celulitis, así como tratamiento indicado.Resultados: no se obsevó predilección por el sexo, los molares inferiores y la región anatómica submandibular fueron los más afectados (50 por ciento y 30, 4 por ciento respectivamente), la caries dental fue la causa principal de esta afección (51, 7 por ciento). El acceso cameral no se le realizó a la totalidad de los pacientes en la consulta de cuerpo de guardia. Por lo general la exodoncia del diente causal no se efectuó precozmente, según el grupo de antibiótico prescrito. La termoterapia con colutorios salinos y fomentos tibios fue la más indicada y el grupo de antibióticos más utilizado fue el de las penincilinas.Conclusiones: la caries dental fue la principal causa de celulitis odontogénica. Aún existen dificultades con la realización del acceso cameral(AU)

Background: odontogenic facial cellulitis is an acute inflammatory process manifested in very different ways, with a variable scale in clinical presentation ranging from harmless well defined processes, to diffuse and progressive that may develop complications leading the patient to a critical condition, even risking their lives.Objective: To characterize the behavior of odontogenic facial cellulitis.Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted at the dental clinic of Aguada de Pasajeros, Cienfuegos, from September 2010 to March 2011. It included 56 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Variables analyzed included: sex, age, teeth and regions affected, causes of cellulite and prescribed treatment.Results: no sex predilection was observed, lower molars and submandibular anatomical region were the most affected (50 percent and 30, 4 percent respectively) being tooth decay the main cause for this condition (51, 7 percent). The opening access was not performed to all the patients in the emergency service. The causal tooth extraction was not commonly done early, according to the prescribed antibiotic group. Thermotherapy with warm fomentation and saline mouthwash was the most prescribed and the most widely used group of antibiotics was the penicillin.Conclusions: dental caries were the major cause of odontogenic cellulite. There are still difficulties with the implementation of opening access(AU)

Sickle cell disease, dentistry and conscious sedation.

UNLABELLED: The features of sickle cell disease (SCD) are described. Two case reports of patients treated in a Dental Institute are presented and the dental management of patients with SCD discussed. Since infection is one of the major risk factors for sickle cell crisis, the prevention of oral disease and infection is vital for this group of patients and there is no contra-indication to the delivery of dental treatment under local anaesthetic with inhalational sedation if required in the primary care setting. Since patients with sickle cell disease are particularly vulnerable to the effects of periods of hypoxia, which may produce significant morbidity, and because of the additional practical challenges in sedating this group of patients, intravenous sedation should be undertaken in a specialist unit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The increasing prevalence of sickle cell disease highlights the importance of dentists practising in multi-cultural communities having an understanding of this condition and its implications on their clinical practice. This will facilitate the safe management of patients with sickle cell disease.

Occurrence of odontogenic infections in patients treated in a postgraduation program on maxillofacial surgery and traumatology.

This study assessed the occurrence and characteristics of oral and maxillofacial infections in patients treated at a Brazilian oral and maxillofacial emergency service during a 7-year period. The clinical files of all patients treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service of the Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Brazil, between 2002 and 2008 were reviewed. From a population of 3645 patients treated in this period, the study sample consisted of 93 subjects who presented odontogenic infections. Data referring to the patients' sex, age, medical history, and the etiology, diagnosis, complications, drug therapy/treatment, and evolution of the pathologic diseases were collected and analyzed using the Epi Info 2000 software. Of these patients, 54 were men (58.1%) and 39 were women (41.9%). Most patients were in the 31- to 40-year-old (20.7%) and 21- to 30-year-old (19.6%) age groups. The most frequent etiology was pulp necrosis due to caries (80.6%). Regarding the treatment, antibiotics were administered to all patients, surgical drainage was done in 75 patients (82.4%), and 44 patients (47.3%) needed hospital admission. First-generation cephalosporin alone or combined with other drugs was the most prescribed antibiotic (n = 26) followed by penicillin G (n = 25). Most patients (n = 85, 91.4%) responded well to the treatment. Five cases had complications: 3 patients needed hospital readmission, 1 case progressed to descending mediastinitis, and 1 patient died. Odontogenic infections can be life-threatening and require hospital admission for adequate patient care. Complications from odontogenic infections, although rare, may be fatal if not properly managed.

[Planning dental care and orthodontic treatment for children afflicted with malignant hematological diseases]. / Planification des soins bucco-dentaires et des traitements ODF chez les enfants atteints d'une hémopathie maligne.

THE PROBLEM: In France, cancer affects 1 to 3% of all children and represents the second most frequent cause of mortality among children younger than fifteen. Malignant blood diseases are the most frequently occurring childhood cancers. Although their mortality rate has been tending to decrease, they often seem to develop after "opportunistic" latent infections persist, undetected, in un-eradicated sites that may be of dental origin. This infectious risk, frequently undiagnosed in hospitals, should be of concern to both general dentists and orthodontists. OBJECTIVES: General dentists and orthodontists each have specific roles to play in teaching children about oral health at an early age and in detecting and eradicating infection as well as in seeing at risk children in regular follow-up visits. DISCUSSION: Dentists should examine children on regularly scheduled preventive appointments and treat dental caries when they discover it. Orthodontists, who see the children they are treating on frequently scheduled appointments, should always be on the alert for incipient caries in their patients and be careful to make the appliances they wear as well fitting and non-irritating as possible to minimize the risk of inflammation and development of sore spots. Both dentists and orthodontists should teach their patients how to maintain healthy diets and good oral hygiene. They may be called upon to provide local relief for acute lesions that chemotherapy sometimes causes in the soft tissues of patients with hematological cancers and to modify irritating appliances.

Dental implant tourism.

Access and affordability of dental care can be problematic for some in the Australian community. Therefore, dental tourism is increasingly becoming more attractive to some patients due to decreased expense, increased convenience and immediacy of treatment. However, there are significant issues for both clinician and patient in regards to dental tourism. Lack of accountability and regulation are the main issues and this is particularly evident when complications occur. This paper presents five cases where complications have arisen in the setting of dental tourism.

Turning points in removable partial denture philosophy.

This article discusses key turning points in removable partial denture (RPD) philosophy. Early advancements tended to focus upon improving the technical quality of the prosthesis itself. The beginning of the 20th century brought significant public pressure upon the dental profession due to consequences associated with poor quality fixed prostheses. The result was dramatic improvement and heavy demand for RPDs. Technical and efficiency issues conspired to temper this enthusiasm, eventually resulting in reduced respect for RPDs. By highlighting key writings and technical issues during these periods of change it is hoped the reader will gain a more precise understanding of the current status of RPD philosophy.