Avaliação do índice de conformidades em escolas estaduais do município de Pombal-PB / Evaluation of the conformity index in state schools of the municipality of Pombal-PB

A segurança alimentar é um fator primordial em todos os setores do ramo alimentício, por tratar de qualquer alimento que quando consumido não causará danos à saúde do consumidor. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de escolas estaduais situadas no município de Pombal- PB, através da aplicação de um checklist de boas práticas de fabricação. No decorrer das visitas pôde-se observar que os refeitórios das escolas não apresentam índices de conformidades tão satisfatório o quanto era esperado em todos os aspectos avaliados, com destaque para edificações e instalações da escola B, que apresentou 75,7% de conformidade. A escola B foi classificada como Bom, enquanto as escolas A, C, D e E foram classificadas como Regular.

Análise microbiológica do gelo produzido e comercializado na cidade de Maceió, AL

As doenças de origem alimentar são reconhecidas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como um grave problema de saúde pública. Como qualquer outro alimento, o gelo é uma fonte de transmissão de sérias doenças infecciosas. Com o presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a qualidade rnicrobiológica do gelo em cubos e escamas produzidos e comercializados na cidade de Maceió/AL. Participaram deste estudo nove fábricas localizadas em diversos bairros. De cada fábrica foi coletada uma amostra do gelo em cubo e do de escamas. Foram realizadas duas visitas, uma no mês de fevereiro e outra em julho de 2018, totalizando 36 amostras. Foram pesquisadas as bactérias do grupo coliformes a 35°C e Escherichia coli. Todas as amostras apresentaram contaminação pelos rnicro-organismos pesquisados, determinando, portanto, que estavam improprias para consumo humano segundo os parâmetros da legislação em vigor. Faz-se necessário uma fiscalização mais rigorosa dos órgãos competentes, para que o consumidor não adquira um produto que possa causar problemas a sua saúde.

Food-borne diseases are recognized by the World Health Organization as a serious public health problem. Like any other food, ice is a source of transmission of serious infectious diseases. With the present study was to assess the microbiological quality of ice cubes and scales produced and sold in the city of Maceió/AL. Participated in this study nine factories located in various districts. Each plant was collected a sample of ice cube and scales. Two visits, one in February and one in July 2018, a total of 36 samples. Were the bacteria coliform group to 35°c and Escherichia coli. 100% of the samples showed contamination by micro-organisms surveyed, determining that they were improper for human consumption according to the parameters of the legislation in force. A more rigorous inspection of the competent bodies is necessary, so that the consumer does not buy a product that can cause problems to his health.

La implantación de las gotas de leche en España (1902-1935): un estudio a partir de la prensa histórica / The establishment of milk depots in Spain (1902-1935): a study from the historical press

Las Gotas de Leche eran instituciones sanitarias que intervinieron en la reducción de la mortalidad infantil en España promoviendo la mejora en la higiene alimentaria de los recién nacidos. Este artículo reconstruye la trayectoria de su implantación hasta la Guerra Civil. Dada la limitada información estadística disponible, se ha empleado como base documental las hemerotecas históricas digitalizadas. El análisis de la misma y de otros estudios permite estimar que el despliegue de esta institución entre 1902 y 1935 involucró, al menos, a 79 localidades. Se establecieron mayoritariamente en capitales de provincia, en todas las regiones, incluido el protectorado español en Marruecos. Antes de 1936 tuvo lugar una secuencia completa de expansión y estabilización en la apertura de estos centros. La creación de Gotas de Leche parece que respondió más a la influencia de las instituciones médicas y benéficas existentes en una localidad que a los niveles de mortalidad infantil. El examen de las noticias de prensa muestra como la creación de una Gota de Leche no acostumbró a ser fruto de un proceso de decisión ágil ejecutado rápidamente. La gestión tampoco estuvo exenta de dificultades. Una parte relevante de las mismas eran de origen financiero o derivadas de una mayor demanda de sus servicios (AU)

Milk Depots were health care institutions involved in fighting against high levels of child mortality in Spain in the first third of 20th century. They promoted the improvement of food hygiene of the newborn. This article reconstructs the trajectory of its implementation until the Spanish Civil War. Given the limited number of statistical sources available, it has been used as documentary source digitized historical newspapers. Analysis of these documents and other published studies leads to the estimation that this institution was deployed in 79 cities between 1902 and 1935. Milk Depots were settled mostly in provincial capitals, in all regions, including the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. Before 1936, a complete sequence of expansion and stabilization took place in the opening of these centers. This opening seems to respond most to influence of existing medical and charitable institutions that infant mortality levels prevailing at that time. Examination of the news shows as setting up a Milk Depot was not the outcome of a simple decision process, implemented quickly. The management was not exempt from difficulties. They came mainly from the lack of financial support or they were consequence from greater demand for their services (AU)

Medio ambiente saludable e higiene de los alimentos. Evaluación de los objetivos del Plan de Salud de Cataluña para el año 2000 / Environment and food hygiene. Evaluation of the objectives of the Health Plan for Catalonia for the year 2000

Fundamento y objetivo: El medio ambiente constituye uno de los cuatro grandes determinantes de la salud poblacional. Por ello a partir de la intensa relación entre salud, medio ambiente e higiene alimentaria se formularon objetivos de salud y de disminución de riesgo, explicitados en el Documento marco para la elaboración del Plan de Salud de Cataluña, con un horizonte de cumplimiento en el año 2000. La finalidad de este trabajo fue evaluar adecuadamente los objetivos que se propusieron en 1991 sobre este ámbito. Población y método: Se ha evaluado la evolución de los 14 objetivos formulados mediante el seguimiento de los correspondientes indicadores a partir de diversas fuentes de información, entre las que se han de destacar el Registro de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria, la Red de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Cataluña, así como los datos de actividad de las inspecciones y análisis de aguas de consumo público y residuales, asentamientos, mataderos y establecimientos de distribución de alimentos. Resultados: La morbilidad declarada por fiebre tifoidea y por brucelosis se ha reducido de forma clara, mientras que la disminución de casos de enteritis y diarreas, de brotes de toxiinfección alimentaria y de triquinosis ha resultado insuficiente para alcanzar los objetivos previstos. En cuanto a los indicadores relacionados con las aguas de consumo público, los establecimientos alimentarios y los asentamientos no permanentes se observa una tendencia positiva en su control. Respecto a las muestras de carne con residuos de componentes ilegales, se ha conseguido el valor propuesto (0%). Conclusiones: El balance global de los objetivos del área de salud alimentaria y medio ambiente formulados para el año 2000 puede considerarse positivo. De los 14 objetivos, 9 se han conseguido plenamente, 4 no se han alcanzado y uno se ha conseguido parcialmente. La creciente importancia de las condiciones ambientales y de la seguridad de los alimentos y bebidas en la reducción de riesgos para la salud de las personas fundamentan la elaboración y aplicación de objetivos rigurosos en los sucesivos períodos de planificación sanitaria (AU)

Background and objectives: Environment constitutes one of the four health determinants. Therefore, health and risk-reduction objectives were formulated in the Framework Document for the development of the Health Plan for Catalonia for the year 2000. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degree of achievement of these targets. Subjects and method: We have assessed the evolution of 14 objectives by means of monitorizing appropriate indicators. We have scrutized several health information sources such as the Catalan Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. In addition, activity data from inspections and analyses of public water system, food distribution establishments and slaughterhouses were analized. Results: Brucellosis and typhoid Fever reported morbidity decreased dramatically, whereas the reduction of enteritis, food poisoning and trichinosis cases have been insufficient to achieve the predicted objective. There is a positive upward trend in the control of public water system and food establishments. Furthermore, meat containing illegal components has been eradicated. Conclusions: The assessment of the objectives is definetly positive. In other words, there are 9 of 14 fully achieved, 1 partially accomplished and 4 that have not been fulfilled. There is a growing importance of environmental conditions and drink and food safety in order to reduce health risks. Therefore, good definitions of strict objectives are required for the next health planning periods (AU)

Inspección microbiológica de productos lácteos analizados entre 1991 y 1994 en la Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile / Microbiological inspection of dairy products analyzed between 1991 and 1994 in the Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile

Con el fin de determinar el grado de aptitud microbiológica de los productos lácteos controlados por el Servicio de Salud Metropolitano del Ambiente, se analizaron 3.675 registros de muestras correpondientes al período 1991 a 1994. Los datos procesados mediante el programa Epi Info versión 5.0 indicaron que los alimentos controlados fueron: leche en polvo (26 por ciento); queso madurado (14 por ciento) y leche pasteurizada (13,2 por ciento). Un 18,4 por ciento (676) de las muestras presentó algún tipo de contaminación microbiológica sobre los límites establecidos. Los grupos de alimentos mayoritariamente contaminados fueron: mantequilla (55,8 por ciento); queso madurado (54,8 por ciento) y quesillo (37,4 por ciento), siendo coliformes fecales y staphylococcus aureus las causas más frecuentes

The meat trade in Portland with special emphasis on the public health aspect

Some of the features stated which make a private slaughter place unsatisfactory are :- 1) Broken up concrete slab 2) Overgrown vegetation 3) Stagnant water in drains 4) Dirty concrete surface 5) Inadequate water supply 6) Dirty and unsightly surroundings 7) Insanitary toilet facilities . In respect of the survey carried out to determine the extent to which the public is exposed to disease through the meat trade, from the purchasing of the animals through to the consumption of the meat, the researcher has decided to make the following recommendations for further improvements. (AU)

Keeping food safe from harmful germs

The health of people depends to a large extent on the food they eat. Keeping food safe from harmful germs and their toxic products is therefore an important problem, which over the years has engaged the attention of various WHO expert committees concerned with different aspects of food hygiene. The latest report of the WHO Expert Committee on the microbiological aspects of food hygiene which met in Geneva in March 1976 (with the participation of FAO), has recently been published and it describes the microbiological agents of food-borne disease and the microbiological hazards in relation to foods. The article below, which is adapted from the second part of the Report, describes the microbiological hazards related to food processing, handling and storage, population movements, tourism, etc., as well as the measures available to control them

Some aspects of food hygiene in the parish of St. Michael, Barbados

From the findings of the survey it was revealed that the majority of businesses were owner operated. Both the owners and employees indicated in the majority of cases that they had had no training for their jobs nor any lectures in food hygiene, although they all thought such lectures should be given. However, in reply to such questions as "What are the food bourne diseases", "What health criteria should a worker have to satisfy, before being allowed to work in the handling of food", "How important are flies to the foodhandler and what precautions can be taken against them?", the majority of the respondents were able to give satisfactory answers although a much lower percentage did not know. (AU)