Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 1.350
Filter
1.
Physiol Plant ; 176(3): e14325, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38715548

ABSTRACT

Boosting plant immunity by priming agents can lower agrochemical dependency in plant production. Levan and levan-derived oligosaccharides (LOS) act as priming agents against biotic stress in several crops. Additionally, beneficial microbes can promote plant growth and protect against fungal diseases. This study assessed possible synergistic effects caused by levan, LOS and five levan- and LOS-metabolizing Bacillaceae (Bacillus and Priestia) strains in tomato and wheat. Leaf and seed defense priming assays were conducted in non-soil (semi-sterile substrate) and soil-based systems, focusing on tomato-Botrytis cinerea and wheat-Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathosystems. In the non-soil system, seed defense priming with levan, the strains (especially Bacillus velezensis GA1), or their combination significantly promoted tomato growth and protection against B. cinerea. While no growth stimulatory effects were observed for wheat, disease protective effects were also observed in the wheat-MoT pathosystem. When grown in soil and subjected to leaf defense priming, tomato plants co-applied with levan and the bacterial strains showed increased resistance to B. cinerea compared with plants treated with levan or single strains, and these effects were synergistic in some cases. For seed defense priming in soil, more synergistic effects on disease tolerance were observed in a non-fertilized soil as compared to a fertilized soil, suggesting that potential prebiotic effects of levan are more prominent in poor soils. The potential of using combinations of Bacilliaceae and levan in sustainable agriculture is discussed.


Subject(s)
Bacillus , Fructans , Plant Diseases , Solanum lycopersicum , Triticum , Fructans/metabolism , Triticum/microbiology , Triticum/metabolism , Triticum/immunology , Triticum/growth & development , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology , Solanum lycopersicum/immunology , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism , Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/immunology , Bacillus/physiology , Botrytis , Plant Immunity , Disease Resistance , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Plant Leaves/immunology , Oligosaccharides/metabolism , Oligosaccharides/pharmacology , Seeds/growth & development , Seeds/metabolism , Seeds/microbiology , Seeds/immunology , Ascomycota
2.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(19): 10981-10994, 2024 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38691768

ABSTRACT

Arctium lappa L. is widely consumed for its various biological effects, and polysaccharides are its main functional components. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoregulatory effects of the main polysaccharides from burdock (ALP-1) and reveal the underlying mechanisms. ALP-1 consisted of fructose and glucose (14.57:1) and had a molecular weight of 2757 Da, with typical characteristics of (1 → 2)-linked linear fructans. Oral intake of ALP-1 significantly increased the number of colonic goblet cells, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G levels, and fecal secretory immunoglobulin A content as well as up-regulated antioxidant enzymes and increased short chain fatty acid production. In addition, ALP-1 administration regulated pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and IL-10), intestinal microbiota structure, and the spatial information on key metabolites. Some gut-microbiota-mediated metabolic processes were also significantly altered. These results indicated that ALP-1 could exert beneficial effects on immune responses and intestinal health in healthy mice.


Subject(s)
Arctium , Fructans , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Plant Extracts , Arctium/chemistry , Animals , Mice , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Fructans/pharmacology , Fructans/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/metabolism , Bacteria/immunology , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacteria/genetics , Male , Metabolomics , Humans , Cytokines/metabolism , Cytokines/immunology , Immunoglobulin A/immunology
3.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 40(7): 214, 2024 May 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38789837

ABSTRACT

Levan, a ß-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer, exhibits diverse properties that impart versatility, rendering it a highly sought-after biopolymer with various industrial applications. Levan can be produced by various microorganisms using sucrose, food industry byproducts and agricultural wastes. Microbial levan represents the most potent cost-effective process for commercial-scale levan production. This study reviews the optimization of levan production by understanding its biosynthesis, physicochemical properties and the fermentation process. In addition, genetic and protein engineering for its increased production and emerging methods for its detection are introduced and discussed. All of these comprehensive studies could serve as powerful tools to optimize levan production and broaden its applications across various industries.


Subject(s)
Fermentation , Fructans , Fructans/biosynthesis , Fructans/metabolism , Bacteria/metabolism , Bacteria/genetics , Protein Engineering/methods , Sucrose/metabolism , Hexosyltransferases/metabolism , Hexosyltransferases/genetics , Industrial Microbiology/methods
4.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 352, 2024 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38689209

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fructans are water-soluble carbohydrates that accumulate in wheat and are thought to contribute to a pool of stored carbon reserves used in grain filling and tolerance to abiotic stress. RESULTS: In this study, transgenic wheat plants were engineered to overexpress a fusion of two fructan biosynthesis pathway genes, wheat sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (Ta1SST) and wheat sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (Ta6SFT), regulated by a wheat ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (TaRbcS) gene promoter. We have shown that T4 generation transgene-homozygous single-copy events accumulated more fructan polymers in leaf, stem and grain when compared in the same tissues from transgene null lines. Under water-deficit (WD) conditions, transgenic wheat plants showed an increased accumulation of fructan polymers with a high degree of polymerisation (DP) when compared to non-transgenic plants. In wheat grain of a transgenic event, increased deposition of particular fructan polymers such as, DP4 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the tissue-regulated expression of a gene fusion between Ta1SST and Ta6SFT resulted in modified fructan accumulation in transgenic wheat plants and was influenced by water-deficit stress conditions.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins , Fructans , Hexosyltransferases , Plants, Genetically Modified , Triticum , Triticum/genetics , Triticum/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Fructans/metabolism , Fructans/biosynthesis , Hexosyltransferases/genetics , Hexosyltransferases/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gene Fusion
5.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 16(17): 21509-21521, 2024 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38642038

ABSTRACT

In this study, we synthesized levan shell hydrophobic silica nanoclusters encapsulating doxorubicin (L-HSi-Dox) and evaluated their potential as ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. L-HSi-Dox nanoclusters were successfully fabricated by integrating a hydrophobic silica nanoparticle-doxorubicin complex as the core and an amphiphilic levan carbohydrate polymer as the shell by using an electrospray technique. Characterization analyses confirmed the stability, size, and composition of the nanoclusters. In particular, the nanoclusters exhibited a controlled release of Dox under aqueous conditions, demonstrating their potential as efficient drug carriers. The levanic groups of the nanoclusters enhanced the targeted delivery of Dox to specific cancer cells. Furthermore, the synergism between the nanoclusters and ultrasound effectively reduced cell viability and induced cell death, particularly in the GLUT5-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells. In a tumor xenograft mouse model, treatment with the nanoclusters and ultrasound significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight without affecting the body weight. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of the L-HSi-Dox nanoclusters and ultrasound as promising drug delivery systems with an enhanced therapeutic efficacy for biomedical applications.


Subject(s)
Doxorubicin , Fructans , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Humans , Animals , Fructans/chemistry , Fructans/pharmacology , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Ultrasonic Waves , Mice, Nude , Female , Cell Survival/drug effects , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms/pathology , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
6.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 268(Pt 1): 131664, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38636757

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas strain 2ASCA isolated in subarctic Québec, Canada, produced a cell membrane bound levan-type exopolymer (yield 1.17 g/L), after incubation in growth media containing 6 % sucrose (w/v) at temperature of 15 °C for 96 h. The objective of this study was to optimize levan production by varying the growth parameters. Moreover, the polymer's chemical characterization has been studied with the aim of increasing knowledge and leading to future applications in many fields, including heavy metal remediation. Higher levan yields (7.37 g/L) were reached by setting up microbial fermentation conditions based on the re-use of the molasses obtained from sugar beet processing. Spectroscopy analyses confirmed the levan-type nature of the exopolymer released by strain 2ASCA, consisting of a ß-(2,6)-linked fructose repeating unit. Gel permeation chromatography revealed that the polymer has a molecular weight of 13 MDa. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed that the levan sequestered with a strong affinity Cr(III), which has never been previously reported, highlighting an interesting biosorption potential. In addition, SEM analysis revealed the formation of nanoparticles in acidified water solution.


Subject(s)
Fructans , Metals, Heavy , Pseudomonas , Fructans/chemistry , Fructans/metabolism , Pseudomonas/metabolism , Metals, Heavy/metabolism , Lakes/microbiology , Fermentation , Molecular Weight
7.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 266(Pt 2): 131307, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38574907

ABSTRACT

Levan is a fructose-based biopolymer with diverse applications in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food industries. However, despite its extensive biological and pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties, research on its anti-aging potential is limited. This study explored levan's impact on the chronological lifespan (CLS) of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time. The results show that levan treatment significantly extended the CLS of wild-type (WT) yeast by preventing the accumulation of oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl content) and ameliorating apoptotic features such as reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of plasma membrane integrity, and externalization of phosphatidylserine. By day 40 of the CLS, a significant increase in yeast viability of 6.8 % (p < 0.01), 11.9 % (p < 0.01), and 20.8 % (p < 0.01) was observed at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL of levan concentrations, respectively, compared to control (0 %). This study's results indicate that levan treatment substantially modulates the expression of genes involved in the TORC1/Sch9 pathway. Moreover, levan treatment significantly extended the CLS of yeast antioxidant-deficient mutant sod2Δ and antiapoptotic gene-deficient mutant pep4Δ. Levan also extended the CLS of signaling pathway gene-deficient mutants such as pkh2Δ, rim15Δ, atg1, and ras2Δ, while not affecting the CLS of tor1Δ and sch9Δ.


Subject(s)
Fructans , Oxidative Stress , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Fructans/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Apoptosis/drug effects , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
8.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 269(Pt 1): 131668, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649077

ABSTRACT

Non-starch polysaccharides exhibit numerous beneficial health effects but compounds belonging to FODMAP (Fermentable Oligo- Di- and Monosaccharides and Polyols) has been recently connected to several gastrointestinal disorders. This review presents integrated literature data on the occurrence and types of fructans and fructooligosaccharids (classified as FODMAPs) as well as their degrading enzymes present in plants. Plants from the family Asteraceae and many monocotyledones, including families Poaceae and Liliaceae, are the most abundant sources of both fructans and fructan-degrading enzymes. So far, vast majority of publications concerning the application of these specific plants in production of bakery products is related to increase of dietary fibre content in these products. However, there is limited research on their effect on FODMAP content and fibre balance. The authors emphasize the possibility of application of enzyme rich plant extract in food production casting light on the new scientific approach to fibre modification.


Subject(s)
Fructans , Oligosaccharides , Fructans/chemistry , Oligosaccharides/chemistry , Plants/chemistry , Dietary Fiber
9.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 267(Pt 1): 131377, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38583850

ABSTRACT

Kombucha is prepared by fermenting sugared green or black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Some of the bacteria within the SCOBY are known to form exopolysaccharides (EPS) from sucrose. However, it is yet unknown whether water-soluble EPS are formed in kombucha, and if so, which specific EPS are present. Therefore, different kombucha samples were prepared by fermentation of green and black tea with SCOBYs from different manufacturers. Subsequently, the EPS were isolated and characterized by using various chromatographic methods, partial enzymatic hydrolyses and NMR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that levans with a varying degree of branching at position O1 (4.3-7.9 %) are present, while only trace amounts of glucans were detected. Furthermore, levans isolated from kombucha had a comparably low molecular weight and the content of levan within the kombucha samples varied from 33 to 562 mg levan/L kombucha. Therefore, our study demonstrated that levans are the main EPS type in kombucha and that levan amounts and structures varied when different starter cultures and ingredients were used. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive data set on the structural variability of levans from kombucha.


Subject(s)
Fermentation , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Molecular Weight , Kombucha Tea/microbiology , Fructans/chemistry , Fructans/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
10.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2788: 49-66, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656508

ABSTRACT

Calibrated size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a useful tool for the analysis of molecular dimensions of polysaccharides. The calibration takes place with a set of narrow distributed dextran standards and peak position technique. Adapted columns systems and dissolving processes enable for the adequate separation of carbohydrate polymers. Plant-extracted fructan (a homopolymer with low molar mass and excellent water solubility) and mucilage (differently structured, high molar mass heteropolysaccarides that include existing supramolecular structures, and require a long dissolving time) are presented as examples of the versatility of this technique. Since narrow standards similar to the samples (chemically and structurally) are often unavailable, it must be noted that the obtained molar mass values and distributions by this method are only apparent (relative) values, expressed as dextran equivalents.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Gel , Molecular Weight , Polysaccharides , Chromatography, Gel/methods , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/analysis , Dextrans/chemistry , Fructans/chemistry , Fructans/analysis , Calibration
11.
Carbohydr Res ; 538: 109075, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38564901

ABSTRACT

The global demand for therapeutic prebiotics persuades the quest for novel exopolysaccharides that can retard the growth of pathobionts and healthcare-associated pathogens. In this regard, an exopolysaccharide (3.69 mg/mL) producing strain showing prebiotic and antibiofilm activity was isolated from indigenous pineapple pomace of Tripura and identified as Bacillus subtilis PR-C18. Zymogram analysis revealed EPS PR-C18 was synthesized by levansucrase (∼57 kDa) with a maximal activity of 4.62 U/mg. Chromatography techniques, FTIR, and NMR spectral data revealed the homopolymeric nature of purified EPS with a molecular weight of 3.40 × 104 Da. SEM and rheological study unveiled its microporous structure and shear-thinning effect. Furthermore, EPS PR-C18 showed remarkable emulsification, flocculation, water retention, water solubilization, and antioxidant activity. DSC-TGA data demonstrated its high thermostability and cytotoxicity analysis verified its nontoxic biocompatible nature. In addition, the antibiofilm activity of EPS PR-C18 was validated using molecular docking, molecular simulation, MM-GBSA and PCA studies, which exhibited its strong binding affinity (-20.79 kcal/moL) with PelD, a virulence factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together, these findings support the future exploitation of EPS PR-C18 as an additive or adjuvant in food and pharmaceutical sectors.


Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis , Prebiotics , Molecular Docking Simulation , Fructans/pharmacology , Fructans/chemistry , Biofilms , Water , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry
12.
BMC Gastroenterol ; 24(1): 143, 2024 Apr 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38654193

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Food malabsorption and intolerance is implicated in gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Key triggers include fructose and fructan. Prior studies examined fructose and fructan malabsorption separately in IBS patients. None have concurrently assessed both within the same patient group. We aimed to investigate the association between fructose and fructan malabsorption in the same patients with IBS using hydrogen breath testing (HBT). METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients with IBS who underwent fructose and fructan HBTs and abstracted their results from the electronic medical record. Fructose and fructan HBTs were performed by administering a 25 g fructose solution or 10 g fructan solution, followed by breath hydrogen readings every 30 min for 3 h. Patients were positive for fructose or fructan malabsorption if breath hydrogen levels exceeded 20 ppm. RESULTS: Of 186 IBS patients, 71 (38.2%) were positive for fructose malabsorption and 91 (48.9%) were positive for fructan malabsorption. Of these patients, 42 (22.6%) were positive for fructose malabsorption and fructan malabsorption. Positive fructose HBT readings were significantly associated with positive fructan HBT readings (p = 0.0283). Patients positive for fructose malabsorption or fructan malabsorption had 1.951 times higher odds of testing positive for the other carbohydrate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal a clinically significant association between fructose malabsorption and fructan malabsorption in patients with IBS. Fructan malabsorption should be assessed in patients with fructose malabsorption, and vice versa. Further studies are required to identify the mechanisms underlying our findings.


Subject(s)
Breath Tests , Fructans , Fructose , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Malabsorption Syndromes , Humans , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/metabolism , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications , Fructose/metabolism , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Malabsorption Syndromes/metabolism , Malabsorption Syndromes/etiology , Malabsorption Syndromes/complications , Fructans/metabolism , Adult , Middle Aged , Hydrogen/analysis , Hydrogen/metabolism
13.
Carbohydr Polym ; 332: 121918, 2024 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431396

ABSTRACT

Vegetables, cereals and fruit are foods rich in fibre with beneficial and nutritional effects as their consumption reduces the onset of degenerative diseases, especially cardiovascular ones. Among fibres, inulin, oligofructose or fructooligosaccharide (FOS) are the best-studied. Inulin is a generic term to cover all linear ß(2-1) fructans, with a variable degree of polymerization. In this review a better understanding of the importance of the degree of polymerization of inulin as a dietary fibre, functions, health benefits, classifications, types and its applications in the food industry was considered in different fortified foods. Inulin has been used to increase the nutritional and healthy properties of the product as a sweetener and as a substitute for fats and carbohydrates, improving the nutritional value and decreasing the glycemic index, with the advantage of not compromising taste and consistency of the product. Bifidogenic and prebiotic effects of inulin have been well established, inulin-type fructans are fermented by the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids, with important local and systemic actions. Addition of inulin with different degrees of polymerization to daily foods for the production of fortified pasta and bread was reviewed, and the impact on sensorial, technological and organoleptic characteristics even of gluten-free bread was also reported.


Subject(s)
Edible Grain , Inulin , Inulin/pharmacology , Polymerization , Fructans/pharmacology , Dietary Fiber/pharmacology
14.
PeerJ ; 12: e17052, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38464751

ABSTRACT

Tuber plants are of great significance in the world as human food crops. Polysaccharides, important metabolites in tuber plants, also serve as a source of innovative drugs with significant pharmacological effects. These drugs are particularly known for their immunomodulation and antitumor properties. To fully exploit the potential value of tuber plant polysaccharides and establish a synthetic system for their targeted synthesis, it is crucial to dissect their metabolic processes and genetic regulatory mechanisms. In this article, we provide a comprehensive summary of the basic pathways involved in the synthesis of various types of tuber plant polysaccharides. We also outline the key research progress that has been made in this area in recent years. We classify the main types and functions of tuber plant polysaccharides and analyze the biosynthetic processes and genetic regulation mechanisms of key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of starch, cellulose, pectin, and fructan in tuber plants. We have identified hexokinase and glycosyltransferase as the key enzymes involved in the polysaccharide synthesis process. By elucidating the synthesis pathway of polysaccharides in tuber plants and understanding the underlying mechanism of action of key enzymes in the metabolic pathway, we can provide a theoretical framework for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides and other metabolites in plant culture cells. This will ultimately lead to increased production efficiency.


Subject(s)
Plants , Polysaccharides , Humans , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Fructans/metabolism , Plants/metabolism , Starch
15.
Molecules ; 29(5)2024 Feb 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474615

ABSTRACT

The valorization of byproducts from the sugarcane industry represents a potential alternative method with a low energy cost for the production of metabolites that are of commercial and industrial interest. The production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was carried out using the yeast Suhomyces kilbournensis isolated from agro-industrial sugarcane, and the products and byproducts of this agro-industrial sugarcane were used as carbon sources for their recovery. The effect of pH, temperature, and carbon and nitrogen sources and their concentration in EPS production by submerged fermentation (SmF) was studied in 170 mL glass containers of uniform geometry at 30 °C with an initial pH of 6.5. The resulting EPSs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the highest EPS production yields were 4.26 and 44.33 g/L after 6 h of fermentation using sucrose and molasses as carbon sources, respectively. Finally, an FT-IR analysis of the EPSs produced by S. kilbournensis corresponded to levan, corroborating its origin. It is important to mention that this is the first work that reports the production of levan using this yeast. This is relevant because, currently, most studies are focused on the use of recombinant and genetically modified microorganisms; in this scenario, Suhomyces kilbournensis is a native yeast isolated from the sugar production process, giving it a great advantage in the incorporation of carbon sources into their metabolic processes in order to produce levan sucrose, which uses fructose to polymerize levan.


Subject(s)
Saccharomycetales , Saccharum , Fermentation , Saccharum/metabolism , Molasses/analysis , Carbon , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Fructans/chemistry , Sucrose/metabolism
16.
Chin J Nat Med ; 22(3): 249-264, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38553192

ABSTRACT

Inulin-type fructan CP-A, a predominant polysaccharide in Codonopsis pilosula, demonstrates regulatory effects on immune activity and anti-inflammation. The efficacy of CP-A in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) is, however, not well-established. This study employed an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colonic epithelial cell model (NCM460) and an in vivo dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model to explore CP-A's protective effects against experimental colitis and its underlying mechanisms. We monitored the clinical symptoms in mice using various parameters: body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen weight, and histopathological scores. Additionally, molecular markers were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting assays. Results showed that CP-A significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-18) in LPS-induced cells while increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels and enhancing the expression of Claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin proteins in NCM460 cells. Correspondingly, in vivo findings revealed that CP-A administration markedly improved DAI, reduced colon shortening, and decreased the production of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), ROS, IL-1ß, IL-18, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-associated genes/proteins in UC mice. CP-A treatment also elevated glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, stimulated autophagy (LC3B, P62, Beclin-1, and ATG5), and reinforced Claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression, thereby aiding in intestinal epithelial barrier repair in colitis mice. Notably, the inhibition of autophagy via chloroquine (CQ) diminished CP-A's protective impact against colitis in vivo. These findings elucidate that CP-A's therapeutic effect on experimental colitis possibly involves mitigating intestinal inflammation through autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation. Consequently, inulin-type fructan CP-A emerges as a promising drug candidate for UC treatment.


Subject(s)
Codonopsis , Colitis, Ulcerative , Colitis , Mice , Animals , Inflammasomes , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , Inulin/metabolism , Inulin/pharmacology , Inulin/therapeutic use , Interleukin-18 , Codonopsis/metabolism , NLR Proteins/metabolism , Fructans/metabolism , Fructans/pharmacology , Fructans/therapeutic use , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Claudin-1/metabolism , Colitis/chemically induced , Colitis/drug therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology , Autophagy , Dextran Sulfate , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Disease Models, Animal , Colon/metabolism , Colon/pathology
17.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(14): 7818-7831, 2024 Apr 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466922

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare the structural features and functional properties of polysaccharides from single-clove garlic (SGPs) and multiclove garlic (MGPs) and to establish their structure-function relationships. Both SGPs and MGPs were identified as fructans consisting mainly of →1)-ß-d-Fruf (2→ and →6)-ß-d-Fruf (2→ residues but differed in average molecular weights (6.76 and 5.40 kDa, respectively). They shared similar thermodynamic properties, X-ray diffraction patterns, and high gastrointestinal digestive stability. These two purified fructans could dose-dependently scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidized metals, and effectively alleviate metronidazole-induced oxidative stress and CuSO4-induced inflammation in zebrafish via inhibiting the overexpression of inflammation-related proteins and cytokines. SGPs showed lower free radical scavenging activity in vitro than MGPs but higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo. Taken together, the molecular weight was the main structural difference between the two garlic fructans of different varieties, which is a potential reason for their differences in biological activities.


Subject(s)
Garlic , Syzygium , Animals , Fructans/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Garlic/chemistry , Zebrafish/metabolism , Inflammation
18.
Bioresour Technol ; 395: 130395, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301939

ABSTRACT

Currently, levan is attracting attention due to its promising applications in the food and biomedical fields. Levansucrase synthesizes levan by polymerizing the fructosyl unit in sucrose. However, a large amount of the byproduct glucose is produced during this process. In this paper, an engineered oleaginous yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) strain was constructed using a surface display plasmid containing the LevS gene of Gluconobacter sp. MP2116. The levansucrase activity of the engineered yeast strain reached 327.8 U/g of cell dry weight. The maximal levan concentration (58.9 g/l) was achieved within 156 h in the 5-liter fermentation. Over 81.2 % of the sucrose was enzymolyzed by the levansucrase, and the byproduct glucose was converted to 21.8 g/l biomass with an intracellular oil content of 25.5 % (w/w). The obtained oil was comprised of 91.3 % long-chain fatty acids (C16-C18). This study provides new insight for levan production and comprehensive utilization of the byproduct in levan biosynthesis.


Subject(s)
Hexosyltransferases , Yarrowia , Yarrowia/genetics , Yarrowia/metabolism , Glucose , Fructans/metabolism , Sucrose/metabolism
19.
Carbohydr Polym ; 330: 121829, 2024 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38368108

ABSTRACT

The herbal medicine Polygonatum cyrtonema is highly regarded in China for its medicinal and dietary properties. However, further research is needed to elucidate the structure of its polysaccharide and understand how it promotes human health by modulating the gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate a homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP95-1-1) from Polygonatum cyrtonema and assess its susceptibility to digestion as well as its utilization by intestinal microbiota. The results confirmed that PCP95-1-1 is an agavin-type fructan, which possesses two fructose chains, namely ß-(2 â†’ 6) and ß-(2 â†’ 1) fructosyl-fructose, attached to the sucrose core, and has branches of ß-D-Fruf residues. Moreover, PCP95-1-1 demonstrated resistance to digestion and maintained its reducing sugar content throughout the digestive system, indicating it could reach the gut without being digested. In vitro fermentation of PCP95-1-1 significantly decreased the pH value (p < 0.05) while notably increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), confirming its utilization by human gut microbiota. Additionally, PCP95-1-1 exhibited a significant ability (p < 0.05) to beneficial bacteria such as Megamonas and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the presence of facultative or conditional pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella at the genus level. Consequently, PCP95-1-1 has the potential to positively influence physical well-being by modulating the gut microbiota environment and can be developed as a functional food.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Polygonatum , Humans , Fructans/pharmacology , Polygonatum/chemistry , Polysaccharides , Fructose
20.
OMICS ; 28(2): 49-58, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38315781

ABSTRACT

Levan is a fructan polymer with many industrial applications such as the formulation of hydrogels, drug delivery, and wound healing, among others. To this end, metabolic systems engineering is a valuable method to improve the yield of a specific metabolite in a wide range of bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we report a systems biology approach integrating genomics data for the Bacillus subtilis model, wherein the metabolic pathway for levan biosynthesis is unpacked. We analyzed a revised genome-scale enzyme-constrained metabolic model (ecGEM) and performed simulations to increase levan biopolymer production capacity in B. subtilis. We used the model ec_iYO844_lvn to (1) identify the essential genes and bottlenecks in levan production, and (2) specifically design an engineered B. subtilis strain capable of producing higher levan yields. The FBA and FVA analysis showed the maximal growth rate of the organism up to 0.624 hr-1 at 20 mmol gDw-1 hr-1 of sucrose intake. Gene knockout analyses were performed to identify gene knockout targets to increase the levan flux in B. subtilis. Importantly, we found that the pgk and ctaD genes are the two target genes for the knockout. The perturbation of these two genes has flux gains for levan production reactions with 1.3- and 1.4-fold the relative flux span in the mutant strains, respectively, compared to the wild type. In all, this work identifies the bottlenecks in the production of levan and possible ways to overcome them. Our results provide deeper insights on the bacterium's physiology and new avenues for strain engineering.


Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Bacillus subtilis/genetics , Fermentation , Fructans , Computer Simulation
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...