Discrimination of Natural Mature Acacia Honey Based on Multi-Physicochemical Parameters Combined with Chemometric Analysis.

Honey maturity is an important factor in evaluating the quality of honey. We established a method for the identification of natural mature acacia honey with eighteen physicochemical parameters combined with chemometric analysis. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between mature and immature acacia honey in physicochemical parameters. The principal component analysis explained 82.64% of the variance among samples, and indicated that total phenolic content, total protein content, and total sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose) were the major variables. The cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis demonstrated that samples were grouped in relation to the maturity coinciding with the results of the principal component analysis. Meanwhile, the 35 test samples were classified with 100% accuracy with the method of multi-physicochemical parameters combined with chemometric analysis. All the results presented above proved the possibility of identifying mature acacia honey and immature acacia honey according to the chemometric analysis based on the multi-physicochemical parameters.

Aciduria D-glicérica. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía / D-glyceric acidemia: case report and literature review

Introducción: Las acidemias orgánicas son un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por la excreción aumentada de ácidos orgánicos en la orina. Dentro de este grupo se encuentra la aciduria D-glicérica, trastorno infrecuente y del que hay pocos casos referidos en la bibliografía médica. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una niña de 2 meses de edad, que acudió a nuestra consulta por la presencia de crisis generalizadas con un patrón electroencefalográfico (EEG) de brote-supresión y posterior retraso psicomotor. Al realizar el cribado de enfermedades metabólicas, se detectaron valores de ácido D-glicérico en orina de 216 m mol/mol creatinina (valores normales: <26), compatibles con aciduria D-glicérica. Las imágenes obtenidas mediante resonancia magnética craneal (hipoplasia del cuerpo calloso y atrofia generalizada) no mostraron hallazgos específicos. En su evolución, la paciente presentó un retraso psicomotor moderado-grave, una diparesia espástica y una epilepsia resistente a fármacos. La aciduria D-glicérica es una entidad con una clínica muy heterogénea; en algunas ocasiones se presenta como un hallazgo casual en pacientes asintomáticos u oligosintomáticos, y en otras en niños con profunda encefalopatía. Se han descrito casos con respuesta parcial a una dieta restringida en fructosa, aunque dicha mejoría clínica no se produjo en el presente caso. Esta etiología se debería plantear en el diagnóstico diferencial de los niños que presenten una encefalopatía progresiva, EEG tipo salva-supresión, hipotonía y epilepsia multifocal (AU)

Introduction: Organic acidemias are a group of diseases characterized by the increased excretion of organic acids in urine. That group includes D-glyceric acidemia, an uncommon disorder, with only a scarce number of cases reported in medical literature. Clinical case: We present the case of a two-month old girl brought to our surgery suffering from generalised seizures with an electroencephalic burst-suppression pattern and subsequent psychomotor retardation. After testing for metabolic diseases D-glyceric acid values in urine of 216 m mol/mol creatinine (nv: <26) compatible with D-glyceric aciduria were objectified. Cranial MR images were obtained (hypoplasia of corpus callosum and generalised atrophy) and did not reveal any specific findings. As the condition progressed, the patient showed moderate-severe psychomotor retardation, spastic diparesis and drug-resistant epilepsy. D-glyceric acidemia is an entity with very heterogeneous clinical manifestations, which in some cases appears as achance finding in asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic patients and in other cases appears in children with profound encephalopathy. There are reports of cases that show a partial response to fructose-restricted diets, but that clinical improvement did not occur in the case of our patient. This a etiology should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children who present with progressive encephalopathy, a burst suppression-type EEG, hypotonia and multifocal epilepsy (AU)

Is the fructose index more relevant with regards to cardiovascular disease than the glycemic index?

The glycemic index (G.I.) is a means for categorizing carbohydrates based on their ability to raise blood glucose, subsequently this index has been popularized as a way for selecting foods to reduce the risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We suggest that the G.I. is better aimed at identifying foods that stimulate insulin secretion rather than foods that stimulate insulin resistance. In this regard, fructose has a low G.I. but may be causally linked with the obesity and cardiovascular disease epidemic. The reported association of high G.I. with cardiovascular disease may be due to the association of sugar intake which contains fructose, but which has a high G.I. due to its glucose content. We propose the use of a fructose index to categorize foods and propose studies to determine the effect of low fructose diets as a means to prevent obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the population.

Augmentation of near infrared diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectral data for the development of robust PLSBC models for classifying double blind clinical trial tablets.

The water content of clinical trial tablets can be different between and within different tablet batches, depending on the relative humidity conditions during their production, packaging, storage and analysis. These water variations lead to important spectral variations in the near infrared spectral region which can lead to a wrong identification if the classification model was based on unrepresentative data towards the water content. As model development for clinical trial studies needs to be extremely fast - within one working day - with generally only one batch available, the principle of data augmentation has to be applied to render more robust classification models. Therefore, tablets available for constructing the model are being processed in order to increase or decrease their water content and to make them more representative for tablets to be tested in the future. The inclusion of a deliberate water variation is the most efficient way to develop a model, for which no additional model redevelopment will be required to pass the system suitability tests and to obtain a correct identification.