[Menetrier's disease and its association with gastric hyperplastic polyps]. / Enfermedad de Menetrier y su asociación a pólipos gástricos hiperplásicos.

Menetrier's disease represents a low prevalence clinical entity, characterized by complexity in its diagnosis, particularly due to the need to exclude its potential association with gastric cancer. In this context, we present the clinical case of a 54-year-old male with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and hypoalbuminemia. During the upper endoscopy procedure, a noticeable thickening of gastric folds was observed, associated with multiple polypoid lesions in the stomach, predominantly in the fundus and body. Since the patient did not show improvement in symptoms and given the inability to rule out gastric cancer, total gastrectomy was chosen as the treatment. Surgical specimen and histology confirmed the presence of Menetrier's disease.

Menetrier's disease exacerbating ulcerative colitis and relieved by gastrectomy.

Ménétrier's disease (MD) is a rare gastropathy characterised by giant rugal folds which can present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and protein losing gastropathy. We report a 21-year-old woman with comorbid MD and ulcerative colitis (UC). Management was complicated by limited treatment options for MD, significant symptom burden, worsening nutrition and difficulty determining which disease was the predominant cause of symptoms. Since age 18 the patient experienced recurrent UC flares characterised by diarrhoea, persistent vomiting and corticosteroid dependence. Endoscopic assessment demonstrated concurrent MD and active UC. Octreotide and cetuximab were trialled given persistent hypoalbuminaemia and suspicion for MD associated protein-losing gastropathy. UC management comprised dose-optimised infliximab and methotrexate. Repeat endoscopic assessment demonstrated improvement in UC without corresponding improvement in symptoms or hypoalbuminaemia. Nasojejunal feeding and parenteral nutrition failed to significantly improve nutritional status and accordingly the patient proceeded to radical total gastrectomy. Postoperatively, MD-associated symptoms and hypoalbuminemia resolved completely.

Ménétrier's disease in a patient with refractory ulcerative colitis: a clinical challenge and review of the literature.

Ménétrier's disease (MD) is a rare disease of the stomach, characterised by hypertrophic gastric folds leading to protein loss. The association with ulcerative colitis (UC) is rare but has been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 29-year-old male affected by UC with an additional diagnosis of MD 3 years after UC diagnosis. UC was refractory to several treatment lines (thiopurines, infliximab, vedolizumab and ustekinumab), and the patient underwent colectomy. Octreotide was administered for MD normalising blood biochemistry, but it was not effective in inducing endoscopic remission of the stomach. Treatment options in patients with MD and UC are discussed.

Menetrier disease and Cytomegalovirus infection in paediatric age: report of three cases and a review of the literature.

Paediatric Menetrier disease (PMD) is a protein-losing gastropathy, presenting with generalized oedema and abdominal symptoms. PMD commonly has an acute course and may be associated with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the epidemiological and clinical data, diagnostic procedures, treatment and outcome of CMV-associated PMD. The medical charts of the patients with PMD and CMV infection diagnosed at our hospital have been reviewed. Then, a systematic literature's review of all the cases of PMD and a selection of those associated with CMV infection have been performed. Three previously healthy boys were admitted for vomiting and oedema. Endoscopy showed hypertrophic gastric folds and CMV infection was diagnosed. Albumin was administered in all cases, with clinical resolution within few weeks. In literature, PMD has been described in 150 children and the association between CMV and PMD was found in 89 cases. Clinical and laboratory data, radiological and histological exams, therapy and outcome were reviewed.Conclusions: Basing on the present experience and on the current knowledge, PMD has a benign course without long-term sequelae. Although PMD is rare in children, we recommend paediatricians to consider CMV-related PMD when facing children with vomiting and diffuse oedema. What is Known: • Paediatricians should consider Menetrier disease (MD) when facing oedematous child complaining of abdominal symptoms with hypoalbuminemia, without proteinuria and liver dysfunction. • Typical ultrasound features (hypertrophic gastric folds) suggest such condition which requires endoscopy and biopsy for definitive diagnosis. What is New: • A familial susceptibility to CMV gastric infection has been recently suggested; thus when suspecting MD, the family history of gastric diseases should be investigated. • Menetrier disease has been found associated with other unusual conditions either benign (such as gastric bezoar) or malign as neoplasms (acute lymphatic leukaemia and adenocarcinoma) even in children.

Survival Times of Patients With Menetrier's Disease and Risk of Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Menetrier's disease is a rare acquired disorder associated with giant gastric folds along with protein-losing enteropathy, low stomach acid, or achlorhydria, and histologic features of massive foveolar hyperplasia. Little is known about the etiology, clinical features, or epidemiology of this disorder, including risk of gastric cancer. We investigated the outcomes and characteristics of patients with Menetrier's disease, including development of gastric cancer and survival times. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of all Menetrier's disease cases (n = 76; mean age, 56 ± 45 y; 59% male; mean body mass index, 24) diagnosed at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, from January 1975 through 2005. Diagnosis of Menetrier's disease was based on a combination of clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and histologic features. Patients with dyspepsia who underwent gastric biopsy analysis were included as controls. We obtained demographic, clinical history, laboratory, imaging, histopathology, and follow-up data from medical records. Clinical characteristics of Menetrier's disease were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival in cases. RESULTS: Clinical features found in a significantly higher proportion of patients with Menetrier's disease than controls included vomiting, abdominal pain, postprandial fullness, and weight loss of 10 lb or more. Smoking was associated with Menetrier's disease (P = .002 vs controls), but not alcohol use. Infection with Helicobacter pylori was not associated with Menetrier's disease (2.6% of patients vs 4.0% of controls; P = 1.00). There was no significant difference between patients with Menetrier's disease vs controls in proportions with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastric cancer developed in 8.9% of patients with Menetrier's disease by 10 years after the Menetrier's disease diagnosis vs 3.7% of controls over the same time period (P = .09). Of patients with Menetrier's disease, 72.7% and 65.0% survived for 5 and 10 years, respectively, compared with 100% of controls (P < .0001 for both time periods). CONCLUSIONS: In a case-control study of 76 patients with Menetrier's disease, we found this rare disorder to be associated with increased mortality. Patients with Menetrier's disease therefore should be followed up with surveillance endoscopy.

Infección por citomegalovirus y Helicobacter pylori, en un niño con enfermedad de Ménétrier / Citomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori infection in a child with Ménétrier´s disease

Resumen La enfermedad de Ménétrier es una entidad clínica rara, de etiología no clara, caracterizada por hiperplasia foveolar gástrica asociada con pérdida secundaria de proteínas. En niños se presenta con edema, que puede ser generalizado, sin compromiso renal ni hepático y difiere de la forma adulta por la persistencia del edema y la remisión espontánea. En la mayoría de casos publicados, se relaciona con infecciones, usualmente por cytomegalovirus y Helicobacter pylori. Aquí se presenta el caso de un niño de 9 años, que consulta por un mes de evolución de edema y dolor abdominal. Al examen físico se documenta anasarca, y estudios de laboratorio revelaron hipoalbuminemia sin proteinuria.

Abstract Ménétrier disease is a rare disorder characterized by gastric foveolar hyperplasia associated with secondary protein loss. In children, this condition presents as an edematous syndrome without renal or hepatic impairment and differs from the adult form by the constant presence of edema and spontaneous remission. It has been related to infections in most published cases, especially to cytomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori. Here we analyze the case of a 9 year old boy, complaining of one month of edema and abdominal pain. Physical exam revealed a patient with anasarca and laboratory results documented hypoalbumenemia without proteinuria.

Ménétrier's disease in childhood: a case report from China.

BACKGROUND: Ménétrier's disease (MD) is a protein-losing gastropathy characterized by gastric hypertrophy, foveolar hyperplasia and hypoalbuminemia. MD is uncommon in childhood with nonspecific clinical symptoms, and the exact cause of pediatric MD is still unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we reported a 4 year and 10-month boy presenting with MD from China. The patient was suffered with vomiting, abdominal pain, hypoproteinemia and edema. Laboratory tests showed that the boy was infected with Clostridium difficile (CD). Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed giant gastric folds, and histological gastric biopsies showed foveolar hyperplasia with glandular atrophy, infiltration of eosinophils in the lamina propria of the patient. Finally, the boy was recovered after supportive therapy with intravenous albumin and CD eradication. CONCLUSION: For the nonspecific clinical symptoms of MD, gastrointestinal endoscopic evaluations with gastric tissue biopsies are required to establish the diagnosis of MD in children with unexplained hypoalbuminemia.

Ménétrier's disease presenting as recurrent unprovoked venous thrombosis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Acquired thrombophilia is a potential sequela of malignancy, chronic inflammation, and conditions characterized by severe protein deficiency (for example, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy). As such, venous thrombosis is often a feature, and occasionally a presenting sign, of systemic disease. Ménétrier's disease is a rare hyperplastic gastropathy that may lead to gastrointestinal protein loss and hypoalbuminemia. To date, reports of venous thrombosis associated with Ménétrier's disease are exceedingly scarce. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 40-year-old white man who presented with unprovoked deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and renal vein thrombosis. Upon receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, he developed severe gastrointestinal bleeding, and endoscopic evaluation led to a diagnosis of Ménétrier's disease. A laboratory workup revealed deficiency of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III, as well as markedly elevated levels of factor VIII. He was determined to have an acquired thrombophilia as a direct result of Ménétrier's disease. CONCLUSIONS: This case describes an acquired thrombophilic state in a patient with Ménétrier's disease and profound hypoalbuminemia. Although this association is rarely described, we discuss the probable mechanisms leading to our patient's thrombosis. Specifically, we posit that his gastrointestinal protein loss led to a deficiency of several anticoagulant proteins and a compensatory elevation in factor VIII, as occurs in nephrotic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Of note, this patient's recurrent venous thrombosis was the initial clinical sign of his gastrointestinal pathology.

Severe hypoproteinemia as a harbinger of Ménétrier's disease in autoimmune pancreatitis.

Ménétrier's disease is an extremely rare disease of unknown etiology causing gastric mucosal hypertrophy and protein-losing gastropathy. Rare cases of this condition have been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, Ménétrier's disease associated with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has never been reported. We described a case of severe hypoproteinemia as a harbinger of Ménétrier's disease associated with AIP. The patient was successfully treated with octreotide and high-protein diet, which led to symptomatic remission and significant improvement in serum levels of albumin and recovery of the nutritional status. Thus, in AIP patients presenting with severe and persistent hypoproteinemia without apparent cause, clinicians need to consider Ménétrier's disease in the differential diagnosis. In this setting, endoscopic evaluation with histological examination of gastric biopsy material, including a full-thickness mucosal biopsy of involved mucosa, may be helpful in promptly establishing the diagnosis and allowing appropriate and timely therapy.

Severe hypoproteinemia as a harbinger of Ménétrier's disease in autoimmune pancreatitis / Hipoproteinemia grave como indicador de doença de Ménétrier na pancreatite autoimune

Summary Ménétrier's disease is an extremely rare disease of unknown etiology causing gastric mucosal hypertrophy and protein-losing gastropathy. Rare cases of this condition have been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, Ménétrier's disease associated with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has never been reported. We described a case of severe hypoproteinemia as a harbinger of Ménétrier's disease associated with AIP. The patient was successfully treated with octreotide and high-protein diet, which led to symptomatic remission and significant improvement in serum levels of albumin and recovery of the nutritional status. Thus, in AIP patients presenting with severe and persistent hypoproteinemia without apparent cause, clinicians need to consider Ménétrier's disease in the differential diagnosis. In this setting, endoscopic evaluation with histological examination of gastric biopsy material, including a full-thickness mucosal biopsy of involved mucosa, may be helpful in promptly establishing the diagnosis and allowing appropriate and timely therapy.

Resumo A doença de Ménétrier é uma condição extremamente rara, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por hipertrofia da mucosa gástrica e gastropatia perdedora de proteína. Casos raros dessa patologia têm sido relatados em pacientes com doenças autoimunes. Até o momento, desconhecemos qualquer relato dessa doença associada à pancreatite autoimune (PAI). Descrevemos um caso de hipoproteinemia grave como indicador de doença de Ménétrier associada à PAI. O paciente foi tratado de forma satisfatória com octreotide e dieta hiperproteica, alcançando remissão sintomática, melhora significativa das concentrações de albumina e recuperação do estado nutricional. Portanto, em pacientes com PAI e hipoproteinemia grave e persistente, deve-se considerar a doença de Ménétrier como um diagnóstico diferencial. Nesses casos, a avaliação endoscópica com biópsia gástrica, incluindo biópsia de toda a espessura da mucosa, pode ser útil no estabelecimento do diagnóstico e do pronto início da terapêutica.

Ménétrier disease manifested by polyposis and involved in both the small bowel and entire colon: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Ménétrier disease (MD) is rare that is involved in both the small bowel and entire colon. THE MAIN SYMPTOMS AND THE IMPORTANT CLINICAL FINDINGS: We describe a case of a 76-year-old male patient whose clinical presentations include intermittent diarrhea, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, asitia, and weight loss. An endoscopy was performed showing a large number of irregular forms and different sizes of polypoid lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, which is rare for MD. THE MAIN DIAGNOSES, THERAPEUTICS INTERVENTIONS, AND OUTCOMES: Herein, this case was diagnosed as MD, mainly dependent on endoscopic evaluation, typical clinical symptoms, and histopathological examination of biopsy. As this patient was also infected with Helicobacter pylori, the eradication of H pylori was administered. Meanwhile, a high-protein diet was enjoined, the aforementioned patient's symptoms were alleviated evidently after 1 month. CONCLUSION: Although the etiology of MD remained undetermined, we showed that eradication of H pylori in this case might contribute to the disease remission. This study enlarged the present understanding of MD.

A SMAD4 mutation indicative of juvenile polyposis syndrome in a family previously diagnosed with Menetrier's disease.

BACKGROUND: Menetrier's disease (MD) is a rare disease with unknown aetiology, characterized by hypertrophic folds within the fundus and body of the stomach. AIMS: We investigated mutations of the candidate genes SMAD4, BMPR1A, TGF-α, and PDX1 within a family with MD. METHODS: A large 4-generation family with MD was identified. This family had 5 cases of MD, 1 case of MD and juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) and 3 cases of JPS. Participants provided saliva for DNA extraction and completed a health questionnaire designed to assess conditions that may be found in patients with MD. Following pedigree analysis, we sequenced the coding regions of the SMAD4 and BMPR1A genes and the regulatory regions of the TGF-α and PDX1 genes in affected and non-affected family members. RESULTS: No mutations were identified in the sequenced regions of BMPR1A, TGF-α, or PDX1. A dominant 1244_1247delACAG mutation of SMAD4 was identified in each of the subjects with JPS as well as in each of the subjects with MD. Although this mutation segregated with disease, there were also unaffected/undiagnosed carriers. CONCLUSION: The 1244_1247delACAG mutation of SMAD4 is the cause of JPS and the likely cause of MD in a large family initially diagnosed with MD.

[An infrequent cause of iron-deficiency anemia: Ménétrier disease]. / Una causa infrecuente de anemia ferropénica: Enfermedad de Ménétrier.

Ménétrier disease is a rare condition of an unknown origin, with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms at presentation. Diagnosis is made through the combination of clinical, analytical, endoscopic and histological data. Surgery is the classical treatment. However, new medical approaches have emerged.