The Paradoxical Decline of Geriatric Medicine as a Profession.

In this Viewpoint, author Jerry Gurwitz discusses the attrition of geriatric medicine as a profession, attributing it in part to societal attitudes about aging and compounded by the negative effects of lower compensation and lack of career prestige.

Disparities in Care Experienced by Older Hispanic Medicare Beneficiaries in Urban and Rural Areas.

BACKGROUND: Hispanic older adults face substantial health disparities compared with non-Hispanic-White (hereafter "White") older adults. To the extent that these disparities stem from cultural and language barriers faced by Hispanic people, they may be compounded by residence in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate possible interactions between Hispanic ethnicity and rural residence in predicting the health care experiences of older adults in the United States, and whether disparities in care for rural Hispanic older adults differ in Medicare Advantage versus Medicare Fee-for-Service. SUBJECTS: Medicare beneficiaries age 65 years and older who responded to the 2017-2018 nationally representative Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys. METHODS: We fit a series of linear, case-mix-adjusted models predicting Medicare CAHPS measures of patient experience (rescaled to a 0-100 scale) from ethnicity, place of residence, and Medicare coverage type. RESULTS: In all residential areas, Hispanic beneficiaries reported worse experiences with getting needed care (-3 points), getting care quickly (-4 points), and care coordination (-1 point) than White beneficiaries (all P's<0.001). In rural areas only, Hispanic beneficiaries reported significantly worse experiences than White beneficiaries on doctor communication and customer services (-3 and -9 points, respectively, P<0.05). Tests of a 3-way interaction between ethnicity, rural residence, and coverage type were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve access to care and care coordination for Hispanic beneficiaries overall and doctor-patient communication and customer service for rural Hispanic beneficiaries. Strategies for addressing deficits faced by rural Hispanics may involve cultural competency training and provision of language-appropriate services for beneficiaries (perhaps as telehealth services).

Fatores correlacionados à fragilidade de idosos em atenção ambulatorial: diferença entre grupos etários / Factores correlacionados con la fragilidad de los ancianos en la atención ambulatoria: diferencia entre grupos de edad / Factors correlated with the frailty of elderly in outpatient care: difference between age groups

RESUMO Objetivo correlacionar variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde de idosos de diferentes grupos etários com a fragilidade. Método estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado com 50 idosos atendidos em um Ambulatório de Gerontologia no interior de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e de saúde, sendo: fragilidade; desempenho cognitivo; dependência em Atividades Básicas e Instrumentais de Vida Diária e sintomas depressivos. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados houve o predomínio de mulheres, com média de 79,4 (±9,4) anos de idade e baixa escolaridade. Foram considerados frágeis 58,3% dos idosos entre 60 e 79 anos e 84,6% daqueles acima de 80 anos. No primeiro grupo, houve correlação entre a fragilidade e o maior número de medicamentos, pior desempenho cognitivo, dependência em Atividades Básicas e Instrumentais de Vida Diária. Nos mais longevos, a fragilidade correlacionou-se ao maior número de morbidades, pior desempenho cognitivo e dependência em Atividades Básicas e Instrumentais de Vida Diária. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: as correlações encontradas permitem o estabelecimento de medidas para aperfeiçoar o planejamento de ações voltadas à assistência ambulatorial, possibilitando organizar prioridades de prevenção e intervenção.

RESUMEN Objetivo correlacionar variables sociodemográficas y de salud de ancianos de diferentes grupos de edad con fragilidad. Método estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado con 50 ancianos atendidos en un Ambulatorio de Gerontología del interior de São Paulo. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y de salud, así: fragilidad; rendimiento cognitivo; dependencia de las Actividades Básicas e Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria y síntomas depresivos. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Spearman. Resultados hubo predominio del sexo femenino, con media de 79,4 (±9,4) años de edad y baja escolaridad. El 58,3% de los ancianos entre 60 y 79 años y el 84,6% de los mayores de 80 años fueron considerados frágiles. En el primer grupo, hubo correlación entre la fragilidad y el mayor número de medicamentos, peor desempeño cognitivo, dependencia de las Actividades Básicas e Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria. En los mayores, la fragilidad se correlacionó con mayor número de morbilidades, peor desempeño cognitivo y dependencia de las Actividades Básicas e Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: las correlaciones encontradas permiten establecer medidas para mejorar la planificación de acciones dirigidas a la atención ambulatoria, posibilitando la organización de prioridades de prevención e intervención.

Abstract Objective to correlate socio-demographic and health variables of elderly people of different age groups with frailty. Method this is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted with 50 elderly individuals seen at a Gerontology Outpatient Clinic in the interior of São Paulo. Socio-demographic and health data were collected, including: frailty, cognitive performance, dependence on Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and depressive symptoms. For data analysis, the Spearman correlation test was used. Results there was a predominance of women, with a mean age of 79.4 (±9.4) years and low education. A total of 58.3% of the elderly aged between 60 and 79 years and 84.6% of those above 80 years were considered frail. In the first group, there was a correlation between frailty and a higher number of medications, worse cognitive performance, and dependence on Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. In the oldest old, frailty correlated with a greater number of morbidities, worse cognitive performance, and dependence on Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Conclusion and implications for practice the correlations found allow the establishment of measures to improve the planning of actions aimed at outpatient care, enabling the organization of prevention and intervention priorities.

A prospective six-month audit of inpatient hypoglycemia in step-down general medical and geriatric wards.

This study aimed to assess the incidence and associates of hypoglycemia in patients transferred after stabilization on an Acute Medical Unit to two general medical or two geriatric wards at an urban Australian hospital. In a six-month audit representing 20,284 patient-days of observation, 59 inpatients experienced hypoglycaemia (blood glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L) during 65 hospitalizations. Inpatients experiencing hypoglycemia accounted for 7.2% of all inpatient bed-days, a figure that was greater for general medical (9.2% of bed-days) compared with geriatric (6.0% of bed-days) wards (P<0.001). Inpatient hypoglycemia often had no precipitant such as a missed/delayed meal, occurred disproportionately at night (41% of episodes), was severe (blood glucose ≤3.0 mmol/L) in one-third of cases, and appeared more frequent in patients with psychiatric/cognitive issues. These data highlight the ongoing issue of hypoglycemia in relatively stable inpatients in an era of blood glucose-lowering therapies associated with a low rate of this acute metabolic complication.

National Trends and Outcomes Associated With Presence and Type of Usual Clinician Among Older Adults With Multimorbidity.

Importance: Declining primary care visit rates and increasing specialist visit rates among older adults with multimorbidity raise questions about the presence, specialty, and outcomes associated with usual clinicians of care for these adults. Objective: To examine trends in the presence and specialty of usual clinicians and the association with preventive care receipt and spending. Design, Setting, and Participants: This survey study used repeated cross-sectional analyses of Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data from 2010, 2013, and 2016. Participants were community-dwelling Medicare Advantage and traditional Medicare members with at least 2 chronic conditions. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2020, to February 5, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: Trends and factors associated with self-reported usual clinician presence and specialty. Multivariable regression was used to examine associations between usual clinician presence and specialty with preventive care receipt and spending, controlling for respondent sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 25 490 unweighted respondent-years were examined, representing 90 324 639 respondent-years across the United States. Overall, 58.4% of respondent-years belonged to women, and the mean (SD) age of respondents was 77.5 (7.5) years. From 2010 to 2016, those reporting usual clinicians dropped from 94.2% to 91.0% (P < .001). Across study years, respondents were more likely to report a usual clinician if they were women (adjusted marginal difference [AMD], 2.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.5-3.5 percentage points) or had higher income (≥$50 000 vs <$15 000: AMD, 2.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4 percentage points) and less likely if they were Black beneficiaries (vs White: AMD, -2.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.3 to -1.3 percentage points) or had traditional Medicare (vs Medicare Advantage: AMD, -3.2 percentage points; 95% CI. -4.1 to -2.3 percentage points). Among 23 279 respondents with usual clinicians, those reporting specialists as their usual clinicians decreased from 5.3% to 4.1% (P < .001). Across the study period, respondents were more likely to report specialists as their usual clinicians if they had traditional Medicare (vs Medicare Advantage: AMD, 2.3 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.9 percentage points), were Black or non-White Hispanic (Black vs White: AMD, 1.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.2 to 2.8 percentage points; non-White Hispanic vs White: AMD, 3.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.7 percentage points), or lived in the Northeast (vs Midwest: AMD, 3.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 2.1 to 5.2 percentage points). Compared with those without usual clinicians, respondents with usual clinicians were more likely to receive all examined preventive services, such as cholesterol screening (AMD, 6.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 5.4 to 8.1 percentage points) and influenza vaccines (AMD, 11.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 9.2 to 14.0 percentage points). Among respondents with usual clinicians, those reporting specialist usual clinicians (vs primary care) were less likely to receive influenza vaccines (AMD, -5.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -9.2 to -2.1). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, older adults with multimorbidity were less likely to have a usual clinician over the study period, with potential implications for preventive care receipt. Our results suggest a key role for usual clinicians, especially primary care clinicians, in vaccination uptake for this population.

Association of Age-Related Hearing Impairment With Physical Functioning Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the US.

Importance: Hearing impairment, a common treatable condition, may contribute to poorer physical function with aging. Objective: To assess whether hearing impairment is associated with poorer physical function, reduced walking endurance, and faster decline in physical function. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cohort study, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using data from the 2011 to 2019 period of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, a population-based study of community-dwelling adults at 4 sites in the US. Exposures: Hearing thresholds (per 10 dB) assessed with pure tone audiometry and categorized as normal hearing or mild, moderate, or severe hearing impairment. Main Outcomes and Measures: Physical function was assessed using the short physical performance battery (SPPB), with composite scores ranging from 0 to 12. A composite score of 6 or less and a score for each component (balance, gait speed, and chair stands) of 2 or less indicated poor performance. Walking endurance was assessed using a 2-minute fast-paced walk test. Tobit regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and medical history were used to calculate the mean differences in SPPB composite scores; logistic regression models, to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of low SPPB composite and component scores; and linear mixed-effects models, to estimate the mean rate of change in SPPB composite scores over time. Results: Of the 2956 participants (mean [SD] age, 79 [4.6] years) who attended study visit 6 between 2016 and 2017, 1722 (58.3%) were women, and 2356 (79.7%) were White. As determined by pure tone audiometry, 973 (33%) participants had normal hearing, 1170 (40%) had mild hearing impairment, 692 (23%) had moderate hearing impairment, and 121 (4%) had severe hearing impairment. In the Tobit regression model, severe hearing impairment was associated with a lower mean SPPB score (ß, -0.82; 95% CI, -0.34 to -1.30) compared with normal hearing. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, hearing impairment was associated with higher odds of low physical performance scores (severe impairment vs normal hearing: OR for composite physical performance, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.47-4.27]; OR for balance, 2.58 [95% CI, 1.62-4.12]; OR for gait speed, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.03-4.33]). Over time (2 to 3 visits; maximum, 8.9 years), participants with hearing impairment had faster declines in SPPB compared with those with normal hearing (moderate hearing impairment × time interaction, -0.34 [-0.52 to -0.16]). In adjusted models for walking endurance, participants with moderate or severe hearing impairment walked a mean distance of -2.81 m (95% CI, -5.45 to -0.17 m) and -5.31 m (95% CI, -10.20 to -0.36 m) than those with normal hearing, respectively, during the 2-minute walk test. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, hearing impairment was associated with poorer performance, faster decline in physical function, and reduced walking endurance. The results of the longitudinal analysis suggest that hearing impairment may be associated with poorer physical function with aging. Whether management of hearing impairment could delay decline in physical function requires further investigation.

Copeptin combined with National Early Warning Score for predicting survival in elderly critical ill patients at emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: Copeptin, reflecting vasopressin release, as well as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), reflecting the severity of critical illness, might qualify for survival prediction in elderly patients with critical illness. This prospective observational study aims at assessing the predictive value of copeptin combined with NEWS on the prognosis of elderly critical ill patients at emergency department (ED). METHODS: We analyzed serum copeptin levels and the NEWS at admission to the ED in a prospective, single-center, and observational study comprising 205 elderly patients with critical illness. Death within 30 days after admission to the ED was the primary end point. RESULTS: The serum copeptin levels and the NEWS in the non-survivor patients group were higher than those in the survivor group [30.35 (14.20, 38.91) vs 17.53 (13.01, 25.20), P = 0.001 and 9.0 (7.0-10.0) vs 7.0 (6.0-8.0), P = 0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that copeptin, NEWS and copeptin combined with NEWS were all independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in elderly patients with critical illness. Copeptin, NEWS and copeptin combined with NEWS all performed well in predicting 30-day survival, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.766 (95%CI, 0.702-0.822), 0.797 (95%CI, 0.744-0.877) and 0.854 (95%CI, 0.798-0.899) respectively. Using the Z test to compare the areas under the above three curves, copeptin combined with NEWS showed a higher predictive value for 30-day survival (P < 0.05). As we calculated, the optimal cut-off values of copeptin and NEWS using the Youden index were 19.78 pg/mL and 8.5 points, respectively. Risk stratification analysis showed that patients with both copeptin levels higher than 19.78 pg/mL and NEWS points higher than 8.5 points had the highest risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Copeptin combined with NEWS have a stronger predictive power on the prognosis of elderly patients with critical illness at ED, comparing to either factor individually.

Implementation of a telemedicine geriatric co-evaluation in the emergency department: a prospective pilot study.

  INTRODUCTION: Complex drug management is a common challenge in the treatment of geriatric patients. Pandemic scenarios, such as the current one (COVID-19), call for a reduction of face-to-face meetings, especially for elderly patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the innovative concept of applying telemedical assessment to geriatric patients in the emergency department (ED) with ED standard treatment. The therapeutic recommendations regarding drug management from the two assessments were compared. A special focus was the use of potentially inadequate drugs (PIMs) for geriatric patients according to the “Fit for the Aged” (FORTA) classification. METHODS: 50 patients (40% female) aged ≥70 years and assessed with an Identification of Seniors at Risk Score (ISAR score) of ≥2 admitted to the ED were prospectively enrolled in this study between November 2017 and February 2018. In addition to the standard treatment in the ED, co-evaluation via video transmission was independently carried out by a board-certified geriatrician. Drug recommendations by ED physicians (A) and the geriatrician (B) were compared. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher frequency of recommendations regarding changes to preexisting medication (p <0.001, n = 50) via geriatric telemedicine in comparison with standard ED treatment. The geriatrician intervened significantly more often than the ED physicians: discontinuation of a drug, p <0.001; start of a new drug, p = 0.004; dose change of a drug, p = 0.001; n = 50). Based on the additional therapy recommendations of the geriatrician, the amount of medication taken by the patient was significantly reduced compared with standard ED treatment (ED assessment t(49) = 0.622 vs geriatrician’s assessment t(49) = 4.165; p <0.001; n = 50). Additionally, the number of PIMs was significantly reduced compared with standard medical treatment (p <0.001). The geriatrician changed 53.9% of the drugs (35/65) whereas the ED physicians changed only 12.3% (8/65). Recommendations for immediate drug therapy, however, were made more frequently by ED physicians (p <0.039, n = 50). DISCUSSION: An early assessment of elderly emergency patients by a geriatrician had a significant impact on the number of drug interventions in the ED. The number of PIMs could be significantly reduced. Whether this also has a positive effect on the further inpatient course needs to be investigated in further prospective studies. The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04148027).  .

Severity of RSV infection in Southern European elderly patients during two consecutive winter seasons (2017-2018).

In Europe, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance system is very heterogeneous and there is growing evidence of the importance of RSV infections resulting in hospitalization of elderly patients. The aim of this study was to assess the severity of RSV infection in the elderly living in the aged Southern European countries. We conducted a retrospective study of elderly patients ( ≥65-year old) admitted for laboratory-confirmed RSV infection in three tertiary hospitals in Portugal, Italy, and Cyprus over two consecutive winter seasons (2017-2018). Uni-multivariable analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of clinical variables on radiologically confirmed pneumonia, use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and in-hospital death (IHD). A total of 166 elderly patients were included. Pneumonia was evident in 29.5%. NIV was implemented in 16.3%, length of stay was 11.8 ± 12.2 days, and IHD occurred in 12.1%. Multivariable analyses revealed that the risk of pneumonia was higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-5.91); the use of NIV was higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea or obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OSA or OHS) (OR: 5.38; 95% CI: 1.67-17.35) and CKD (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.01-6.23); the risk of IHD was higher in males (OR: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.07-10.10) and in patients with solid neoplasm (OR: 9.06; 95% CI: 2.44-33.54) and OSA or OHS (OR: 8.39; 95% CI: 2.14-32.89). Knowledge of factors associated with RSV infection severity may aid clinicians to set priorities and reduce disease burden. Development of effective antiviral treatment and vaccine against RSV is highly desirable.

Associations of Handgrip Strength and Handgrip Strength Asymmetry With Depression in the Elderly in Korea: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested that assessing handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry together with HGS may be helpful for evaluating problems in geriatric patients. This study aimed to identify whether HGS asymmetry, weakness, or both were associated with depression in Korean older adults. METHODS: This study included 4274 subjects from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The maximum HGS of the dominant hand was used as a representative value. HGS symmetry was categorized by the ratio of the HGS of the dominant hand to that of non-dominant hand. The odds ratio (OR) for depression was calculated according to the HGS and its symmetry. RESULTS: In total, 240 (12.5%) men and 534 (22.7%) women had depression. HGS or HGS asymmetry showed no statistically significant associations with depression in elderly men. Elevated odds of depression were observed in elderly women with low HGS (OR, 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 2.81) or prominent HGS asymmetry (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.08). There was a positive additive interaction between asymmetric HGS and weakness, as women with low and prominently asymmetric HGS showed higher odds of depression (OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.16 to 6.59) than women with high and symmetric HGS. CONCLUSIONS: Depression in elderly Korean women was associated with both low and asymmetric HGS. Our findings support the potential value of HGS asymmetry as an indicator of HGS.

Association between medical resources and the proportion of oldest-old in the Chinese population.

The potential association between medical resources and the proportion of oldest-old (90 years of age and above) in the Chinese population was examined, and we found that the higher proportion of oldest-old was associated with the higher number of beds in hospitals and health centers.

Adiposity-related risks among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese: the role of siesta and nocturnal sleep duration.

INTRODUCTION: Background: increasingly, research suggests that lack of sleep is linked to adiposity worldwide, but few studies have been conducted in middle-aged and elderly Chinese subjects. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the association of siesta and nocturnal sleep duration with the prevalence of adiposity in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. Methods: a total of 7,891 community dwelling Chinese subjects who had participated in the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. A four-stage random sampling method was used to select participants. Siesta and nocturnal sleep duration was self-reported. Adiposity, including general obesity and abdominal obesity, was assessed. Multiple logistic analyses were conducted to explore the association between siesta, nocturnal sleep duration, and adiposity. Results: people with long siesta durations (≥ 1 hour/day) were significantly associated with an increased risk for abdominal obesity, independently and in all subgroup analyses, when compared to those without regular siesta. ORs after adjustment of confounding factors included: all subjects, OR = 1.45, 95 % CI, 1.23 to 1.70; middle-aged subjects, OR = 1.46, 95 % CI, 1.15 to 1.86; elderly, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI, 1.14 to 1.78. Conclusions: our data show that siesta duration plays a role in the prevalence of age-specific abdominal obesity. Individuals with long siesta durations are more likely to have abdominal obesity among the middle-aged and elderly population when compared to those without regular siesta. The results of this study need to be confirmed by further studies.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: cada vez más investigaciones sugieren que la falta de sueño está relacionada con la adiposidad en todo el mundo, pero pocos estudios se han realizado en población china de mediana edad y ancianos. El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar la asociación de la siesta y la duración del sueño nocturno con la prevalencia de la adiposidad en población china de mediana edad y ancianos. Métodos: se incluyeron en total 7891 sujetos que habían participado en el "Estudio longitudinal de salud y jubilación en China" de 2015. Se utilizó el método de muestreo aleatorio de 4 etapas para seleccionar a los participantes. La duración de la siesta y del sueño nocturno fue autoinformada. Se evaluó la adiposidad, incluidas la obesidad general y la obesidad abdominal. Se realizaron múltiples análisis logísticos para explorar la asociación entre la siesta, la duración del sueño nocturno y la adiposidad. Resultados: las personas con siestas prolongadas (≥ 1 hora al día) se asociaron significativamente a un mayor riesgo de obesidad abdominal, de forma independiente, en todos los análisis de subgrupos, en comparación con aquellos sin siesta regular. Los OR después de ajustar los factores de confusión fueron: todos los sujetos, OR = 1,45, IC del 95 %, 1,23 a 1,70; mediana edad: OR = 1,46, IC del 95 %, 1,15 a 1,86; ancianos: OR = 1,43, IC del 95 %, 1,14 a 1,78. Conclusiones: nuestros datos muestran que la duración de la siesta juega un papel en la prevalencia de la obesidad abdominal específica de cada edad. Las personas con siestas prolongadas tienen más probabilidades de tener obesidad abdominal, entre la población de mediana edad y anciana, que las que no duermen siesta regularmente. Los resultados de este estudio deben ser confirmados por estudios adicionales.

Prevalence and characteristics of older people with pressure ulcers and legs ulcers, in nursing homes in Barcelona.

BACKGROUND: Nursing home residents are vulnerable to chronic wounds. However, the prevalence data are scarce. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers and/or leg ulcers in nursing home residents, and describe the characteristics of the nursing homes, the residents and the wounds, as well as possible associations between these characteristics. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of nursing home residents over the age of 65 in 168 facilities in Barcelona. Those presenting category II-IV pressure ulcers and/or leg ulcers were included. The data were collected by observation/examination. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of pressure ulcers and leg ulcers combined was 4.4% (3.5% were pressure ulcers and 0.9% were leg ulcers). In small nursing homes with less nursing staff, the overall prevalence was greater than in large nursing homes (5.6% vs 3.8% [p = 0.01]). As expected, residents with pressure ulcers had higher pressure ulcer risk, worse dependence and cognitive status, urinary and faecal incontinence, and most were underweight. However, residents with leg ulcers had worse venous and arterial impairment and also were overweight. A multivariate analysis showed that pressure ulcers were statistically significantly associated with faecal incontinence (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.81) and dyslipidaemia (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.66), and leg ulcers were statistically significantly associated with venous insufficiency (OR = 4.93, 95% CI = 1.65-15.34). The characteristics of gluteal and ischial pressure ulcers, a high prevalence of infection, and a low reference to biofilm by nurses, in both types of wounds, suggest that these aspects are not adequately taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: Pressure ulcers and leg ulcers, mainly pressure ulcers, remain a public health problem in nursing homes. Further studies are required to confirm the associations found in this study.

Dietary Supplements, Strength Training Offer no Significant Effects in Older Adults.

According to this study: A study of adults age 70 or older without major comorbidities showed that treatment with vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, or a strength training exercise program didn't result in clinically significant changes in blood pressure, nonvertebral fractures, physical performance, infection rates, or cognitive function.

Using active information and communication technology for elderly homecare services: A scoping review.

Nowadays, as life expectancy grows, the healthcare industry faces growing challenges related to corresponding increases in chronic diseases. Home care services (HCS) are the solution to this growing problem. It's a general premise that information and communication technology (ICT) can address these health issues and enhances HCS. The scope of our study was the active managerial and supervisory roles of these technologies within HCS. The study aimed to extract, accumulate, and classify the challenges of using active ICT for elderly HCS. We employed the keywords, their synonyms, and their combinations into the searching areas of title, keywords, and abstract. More than 300 resources were collected, and found those 33 articles of those 33 articles were eligible for our study. Later, a team of experts provided their opinions on our gatherings, which were collected individually. According to the expert team's opinions, researchers classified challenges into; technology, human factors, and management.

What Can We Learn From the Past About the Future of Gerontology: Using Natural Language Processing to Examine the Field of Gerontology.

OBJECTIVES: We thematically classified all titles of eight top psychological and social gerontology journals over a period of six decades, between 1961 and February 2020. This was done in order to provide a broad overview of the main topics that interest the scientific community over time and place. METHOD: We used natural language processing in order to analyze the data. In order to capture the diverse thematic clusters covered by the journals, a cluster analysis, based on "topic detection" was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 15,566 titles were classified into 38 thematic clusters. These clusters were then compared over time and geographic location. The majority of titles fell into a relatively small number of thematic clusters and a large number of thematic clusters were hardly addressed. The most frequently addressed thematic clusters were (a) Cognitive functioning, (b) Long-term care and formal care, (c) Emotional and personality functioning, (d) health, and (e) Family and informal care. The least frequently addressed thematic clusters were (a) Volunteering, (b) Sleep, (c) Addictions, (d) Suicide, and (e) Nutrition. There was limited variability over time and place with regard to the most frequently addressed themes. DISCUSSION: Despite our focus on journals that specifically address psychological and social aspects of gerontology, the biomedicalization of the field is evident. The somewhat limited variability of themes over time and place is disconcerting as it potentially attests to slow progress and limited attention to contextual/societal variations.

Older adult participation in cancer clinical trials: A systematic review of barriers and interventions.

Cancer is a disease of aging and, as the world's population ages, the number of older persons with cancer is increasing and will make up a growing share of the oncology population in virtually every country. Despite this, older patients remain vastly underrepresented in research that sets the standards for cancer treatments. Consequently, most of what we know about cancer therapeutics is based on clinical trials conducted in younger, healthier patients, and effective strategies to improve clinical trial participation of older adults with cancer remain sparse. For this systematic review, the authors evaluated published studies regarding barriers to participation and interventions to improve participation of older adults in cancer trials. The quality of the available evidence was low and, despite a literature describing multifaceted barriers, only one intervention study aimed to increase enrollment of older adults in trials. The findings starkly amplify the paucity of evidence-based, effective strategies to improve participation of this underrepresented population in cancer trials. Within these limitations, the authors provide their opinion on how the current cancer research infrastructure must be modified to accommodate the needs of older patients. Several underused solutions are offered to expand clinical trials to include older adults with cancer. However, as currently constructed, these recommendations alone will not solve the evidence gap in geriatric oncology, and efforts are needed to meet older and frail adults where they are by expanding clinical trials designed specifically for this population and leveraging real-world data.

Exploring How Personal, Social, and Institutional Characteristics Contribute to Geriatric Medicine Subspecialty Decisions: A Qualitative Study of Trainees' Perceptions.

PURPOSE: To explore internal medicine residents' and geriatrics fellows' perceptions of how personal, social, and institutional characteristics contribute to their professional identity and subspecialty decisions related to geriatric medicine. METHOD: The authors conducted 23 in-depth, semistructured interviews with internal medicine residents, with and without an interest in geriatrics, and geriatrics fellows across 3 academic medical centers in the United States from October 2018 through June 2019. They then used a qualitative narrative approach to analyze the interview data. RESULTS: Trainees related personal experiences, such as exposure to physicians and experiences with grandparents, to their interest in medicine. Trainees with an interest in geriatrics at 2 institutions did not feel supported, or understood, by peers and mentors in their respective institutions but maintained their interest in the field. The following variations between institutions that are supportive and those that are not were noted: the number of geriatricians, the proximity of the institution to geriatrics clinics, and the ways in which institutional leaders portrayed the prestige of geriatric medicine. Institutional characteristics influenced trainees' understanding of what it meant to be a doctor, what meaning they garnered from work as a physician, and their comfort with different types of complexity, such as those presented when providing care to older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Institutional characteristics may be particularly important in shaping trainee interest in geriatric medicine. Institutions should encourage leadership training and opportunities for geriatricians so they can serve as role models and as hands-on mentors for trainees beginning in medical school. Increasing the number of geriatricians requires institutions to increase the value they place on geriatrics to generate a positive interest in this field among trainees. Institutions facilitating formation of professional identity and sense of purpose in work may consider engaging geriatricians in leadership and mentoring roles as well as curriculum development.