ABSTRACT
Thirteen popular wild edible mushroom species in Yunnan Province, Boletus bicolor, Boletus speciosus, Boletus sinicus, Boletus craspedius, Boletus griseus, Boletus ornatipes, Xerocomus, Suillus placidus, Boletinus pinetorus, Tricholoma terreum, Tricholomopsis lividipileata, Termitomyces microcarpus, and Amanita hemibapha, were analyzed for their free amino acid compositions by online pre-column derivazation reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Twenty free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, praline, cysteine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, histidine, threonine, asparagines, glutamine, arginine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were determined. The total free amino acid (TAA) contents ranged from 1462.6 mg/100 g in B. craspedius to 13,106.2 mg/100 g in T. microcarpus. The different species showed distinct free amino acid profiles. The ratio of total essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 0.13-0.41. All of the analyzed species showed high contents of hydrophobic amino acids, at 33%-54% of TAA. Alanine, cysteine, glutamine, and glutamic acid were among the most abundant amino acids present in all species. The results showed that the analyzed mushrooms possessed significant free amino acid contents, which may be important compounds contributing to the typical mushroom taste, nutritional value, and potent antioxidant properties of these wild edible mushrooms. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the accumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 94.39%. Cluster analysis revealed EAA composition and content might be an important parameter to separate the mushroom species, and T. microcarpus and A. hemibapha showed remarkable EAA content among the 13 species.
Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Agaricales/classification , Amino Acids/analysis , Amino Acids/classification , Alanine/analysis , Alanine/classification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Reverse-Phase , Cysteine/analysis , Cysteine/classification , Glutamic Acid/analysis , Glutamic Acid/classification , Glutamine/analysis , Glutamine/classification , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
El concepto de inmunonutrición se refiere a la adición de nutrimentos específicos a los regímenes de nutrición enteral o parenteral, en concentraciones mayores a las habitualmente contenidas en las dietas normales, para lograr un efecto farmacológico determinado que mejore la función inmunitaria. Todos los conceptos mencionados indican que el eje intestinoneuroendocrino tiene un papel significativo al influir en la vulnerabilidad del hospedero a infecciones. Entre los inmunonutrimentos se encuentran: arginina, glutamina, ácidos grasos ù-3, prebióticos, zinc, y vitamina A.
The concept of immunonutrition concerns the addition of specific nutrients to the regimes of enteral or parenteral nutrition, at concentrations greater than those usually contained in normal diets to achieve a given pharmacological effect to improve immune function. All the concepts above indicate that gutneuroendocrine axis plays a significant role in influencing host vulnerability to infection. Among inmunonutriments are: arginine, glutamine, ù-3 fatty acids, prebiotics, zinc, and vitamin A.
