[Gene detection of GPD1-L and the association with sudden unexplained death syndrome in young adults].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS). METHODS: The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the SMDS group and the normal control group. The exons, exon-intron boundaries and 3'-UTRs of coding region of GPD1-L were PCR amplified and DNA sequenced directly to confirm the types of variations. The genotype frequency and allele frequency were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There were two variants in the SMDS group, c.465C>T and c.*18G>T, the latter existed certain degree difference of genotype distribution and allele frequency between the SMDS group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The relation between gene mutation of GPD1-L and the occurrence of Chinese SMDS deserves a further research.

The galU gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main virulence factor making the bacterium resistant to phagocytosis. The galU gene of S. pneumoniae encodes a UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase absolutely required for capsule biosynthesis. In silico analyses indicated that the galU gene is co-transcribed with the gpdA gene, and four putative promoter regions located upstream of gpdA were predicted. One of them behaved as a functional promoter in a promoter reporter system. It is conceivable that the sequence responsible for initiating transcription of gpdA-galU operon is an extended -10 site TATGATA(T/G)AAT. Semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR experiments indicated that galU was expressed mainly in the exponential phase of growth.

[Oxidative stress and oxygen status in ischemic stroke].

A dynamic assessment of oxygen status of the arterial blood, activity of antioxidant system enzymes (AOS), succinatedehydrogenase (SDG), mitochondrial alpha-glycero-phosphate-dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as well as concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and secondary products of lipid peroxidation reacting with thiobarbituric acid (PLPRTA) has been carried out in patients at the acute stage of ischemic stroke of hemispheric location. Relative hyperoxia as a result of the hyperventilation syndrome was mostly pronounced on day 1 and 3. At the same time, a reduced activity of AOS system and an increase of PLPRTA concentration have been observed from the 1st day after stroke. There were also a decrease of the SDG activity and a marked (2,8 fold) increase of the alpha-GPDH activity as compared to the controls. A decrease of the AP leukocyte activity in the peripheral blood to day 7 after stroke makes possible a prognosis of good functional rehabilitation to the 21st day of the disease. Therefore, the results of the study suggest that the development of oxidative stress in patients with ischemic stroke is caused by tprimary disruption of bioenergetic processes during the reduction of AOS activity.

[Differential diagnosis of specific and nonspecific lung diseases by the parameters of the leukocytic enzymatic system].

The study examined 56 patients who were divided into three groups: 1) patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis; 2) those with nonspecific pneumonia; 3) control (apparently healthy individuals). In addition to the routine studies, the R. P. Nartsissov procedure was used to determine the activity of SDH and alpha-GPDH in all the examinees. The findings indicate that the lymphocytic activity of basic energy processes is much decreased in infiltrative tuberculosis and nonspecific pneumonia. Of the greatest value for active diagnosis is the determination of alpha-GPDH activity that is reduced only in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, its low activity points to profound redox disorders.

Metabolism of lymphocytes in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

The pattern of metabolic processes in lymphocytes of mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma depended on the stage of tumor growth.

In vitro response of mitochondrial succinate oxidase system to epinephrine in human blood lymphocytes from health individuals and patients with neurocirculatory dystonia.

Activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (hyaloplasmic and mitochondrial: alpha-GPDHH and alpha-GPDHM) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the response of SDH activity to exogenous epinephrine in vitro (the epinephrine test) were studied in 20 healthy subjects and 46 patients with hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia. Activities of SDH, alpha-GPDHH, and alpha-GPDHM in blood lymphocytes and SDH adrenoreactivity in epinephrine test were higher in patients than in healthy controls. Treatment with hypotensive agents (isradipin and pyrroxan) moderated adrenoreactivity. Phytotherapy normalized the baseline activities of succinate oxidase system and alpha-glycerophosphate pathway in blood lymphocytes.

[A role of various components of the diffuse neuroendocrine system in the realization of magnetobiological effects]. / Rol' nekotorykh komponentov diffuznoi neiroéndokrinnoi sistemy v realizatsii magnitobiologicheskikh vozdeistvii.

It was shown in experiments on white mongrel rats that some components of the diffuse neuroendocrine system are involved in the realization of magnetobiological effects.

[The relationship of the clinical status of the periodontium and the cytochemical indices of the enzyme activity of the peripheral blood leukocytes]. / Izuchenie vzaimosviazi klinicheskogo sostoianiia parodonta i tsitokhimicheskikh pokazatelei fermentativnoi aktivnosti leikotsitov perifericheskoi krovi.

Measurements of the mean activities of succinate dehydrogenase and a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in peripheral blood lymphocytes, entropy, asymmetry, variation, and excess coefficients in patients with periodontitis of different severity revealed a significant correlation of these parameters with the clinical status of the periodontium. The authors draw a conclusion about the high sensitivity of the cytochemical method for assessment of the severity of the pathological process in periodontal tissues.

[Effect of natural physical factors of the environment on the condition of pregnant women with normal pregnancy]. / Vliianie estestvennykh fizicheskikh faktorov vneshnei sredy na sostoianie beremennykh zhenshchin s fiziologicheskim techeniem beremennosti.

The enzymatic status of leukocytes with respect to succinate- and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, which reflects the degree of hypoxia in the organism is changed by 30% by the action of natural physical parameters of the environment. Using mathematical modelling, it was shown that the largest changes in the enzymatic status occur upon increased geomagnetic perturbations at a high atmospheric pressure. Chronic tissue hypoxia of the fetus and newborn is the most likely disease that can develop under these conditions. This is most important to expectant mothers older than 32 years. The effect of environmental influences is more pronounced during the second half of pregnancy.

[Cytochemical method of simultaneous determination of oxidation-reduction enzymes and acid phosphatase in blood lymphocytes]. / Tsitokhimicheskii sposob sovmestnogo opredeleniia aktivnosti okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh fermentov i kisloi fosfatazy v limfotsitakh krovi,

The results of cytochemical tests for simultaneous measurements of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase in blood leukocytes do not differ from the results of the original methods developed by R. P. Nartsissov (1969) and A. Goldberg and T. Bark (1962). Use of this method permits the physician to have simultaneous information about two aspects of metabolism in the cells and cuts down the time needed for measuring the activities of two enzymes in the leukocytes.

FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes of type-2 diabetic patients and their relatives.

The activities of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (m-GDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) were measured in purified populations of CD3+ lymphocytes from 55 control subjects, 62 type-2 diabetics and 50 non-diabetic relatives of the latter patients. The activity of m-GDH was measured by both a radioisotopic procedure and colourimetric technique. As judged from these measurements and relative to the paired value for GlDH, the incidence of abnormally low m-GDH activity was significantly higher in type-2 diabetics than in control subjects. Moreover, the paired ratio in reaction velocity between the colourimetric and radioisotopic assay of m-GDH was abnormally high in patients with low m-GDH activity. Low m-GDH activity often coincided with increased GPT activity in plasma or high GPT/GOT ratio in lymphocytes. No obvious clustering of these anomalies was found in relatives of diabetic patients. These findings suggest that an inherited or acquired genomic defect of m-GDH in lymphocytes, and possibly in pancreatic B-cells, may participate to the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

[Some mechanisms of pathogenesis of hypertonic type neurocirculatory dystonia in flying personnel]. / Nekotorye mekhanismy patogenesa neirotsirkuliatornoi distonii gipertonicheskogo tipa u letnogo sostava.

Cytochemical analysis was used to compare the activities of hyaloplasmatic and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase in lymphocytes of peripheral blood taken from 14 aviators with the diagnose of hypertonic neurocirculatory dystonia, and 18 healthy aviators. Significantly higher activity of these enzymes in patients is assumed to signify intensification of metabolism and cellular respiration bearing the forced adaptive character. On this evidence, an attempt is made to interpret earlier discovered changes in the immunobiochemical status of these patients and plausible mechanisms of progressive arterial hypertension are hypothesized. Emphasis is laid on the necessity to direct secondary preventive measures at the early phases of hypertension not only on reduction of the vascular tone and correction of the immunobiochemical status but on building-up of cell's functional reserves.

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human lymphocytes: effects of insulin, obesity and weight loss.

Insulin exposure stimulates an increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity in isolated human lymphocytes that correlates to an increase in G3PDH mRNA and requires new protein synthesis. Synthetic diacylglycerol or phorbol ester can mimic the effect of insulin on G3PDH activity, suggesting that protein kinase C may be involved in regulation of G3PDH levels. In addition, lithium chloride, an inositol phosphate phosphatase inhibitor, and calcium uptake inhibitors can abolish insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity. For obese subjects in whom insulin resistance in vitro can be demonstrated, the extent of insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity is decreased compared to normal weight individuals, and treatment by a very low calorie diet restores insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity. Thus, insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity is dependent upon the metabolic state of the subject from whom the cells are obtained.

[Diagnostic significance of erythrocyte carbohydrate metabolism indicators in chronic subclinical HBsAG carrier state]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie pokazatelei uglevodnogo metabolizma éritrotsitov krovi pri khronicheskom subklinicheskom nositel'stve HBs-antigena.

Erythrocytic activity of H-6-PDG and alpha-HPDG was studied in 32 chronic carriers of HBsAg free of any clinical or biochemical signs of viral hepatitis B. Puncture biopsy of the liver discovered chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) in 25 patients. 7 cases had no changes of hepatic tissue. In these patients alpha-HPDG activity remained normal while in all the HBsAg carriers with latent CPH it was very high. For H-6-PDG, the activity was enhanced in 28 and 72% of HBsAg carriers, respectively. The above biochemical tests may serve markers of latent liver involvement in subclinical HBsAg carriers.

[Characteristics of lymphocytic enzyme status of the newborn after metabolic therapy of pregnant women]. / Osobennosti fermentnogo statusa limfotsitov novorozhdennykh pri metabolicheskoi terapii u beremennykh.

The enzymatic synthetic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was changed in the newborns whose mothers suffered from habitual miscarriages and were administered courses of metabolic therapy as part of combined pathogenetic treatment (basis therapy). Metabolic therapy brought about positive shifts which manifested by a reliable activation of succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, this, in its turn, creating favorable conditions for the functioning of the mother-placenta-fetus metabolic system and being conductive to a better adaptation of the newborns in the early neonatal period. Metabolic therapy brought about a twofold reduction of the incidence of fetal hypoxia and hypotrophy.

[Dynamics of the activity of redox enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the newborn with a history of chronic intrauterine hypoxia]. / Dinamika izmenenii aktivnosti okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh fermentov v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi u novorozhdennykh, perenesshikh khronicheskuiu vnutriutrobnuiu gipoksiiu.

Study of the cytochemical characteristics of enzymatic activity of peripheral blood cells in the newborns with a history of medium-severe-chronic intrauterine hypoxia revealed shifts in the levels of succinate dehydrogenase and a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. These data imply that changed enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases is an unfavorable prognostic sign indicating failure of adaptation and deterioration of reactivity in the early neonatal period.

[The cytochemical determination of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with hepatobiliary system pathology]. / Tsytokhimichne vyznachennia al'fa-hlitserofosfatdehidrohenazy ta adenozyntryfosfatazy limfotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi u patsiientiv z patolohiieiu hepatobiliarnoï systemy.

In patients with pancreatic head cancer and virus hepatitis the lowest values of alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase in the peripheric blood lymphocytes were determined. The dynamic study of these values in patients with pathology of liver and biliary ducts permits to estimate the disease severity course and equally with other clinico-laboratory data may have prognostic significance.

[The alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and adenosinetriphosphatase activity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in diabetics (a cytochemical determination)]. / Aktyvnist' al'fa-hlitserofosfatdehidrohenazy i adenozyntryfosfatazy limfotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi khvorykh na tsukrovyi diabet (tsytokhimichne vyznachennia).

Decrease in activity of alpha-GPDG and ATP-ase observed in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus correlated well severity of the disease. The lowest indices of enzymatic activity were registered in patients with grave diabetes complicated by angiopathies, foot gangrene, and purulent inflammatory processes. Compensation of carbohydrates metabolism and improvement of clinical picture were accompanied by the trend to normalization of enzymes' activity. Dynamic study of alpha-GPDG and ATP-ase in patients with diabetes mellitus allows to evaluate degree of hypoxia, comprehend the nature of compensation mechanisms and assess effectiveness of the treatment.