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1.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 11: 1560-7, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22224070

ABSTRACT

In the early 1950s, Rubin H. Flocks of the University of Iowa began to treat prostate cancer patients with colloidal gold (Au(198)) therapy, evolving his technique over nearly 25 years in 1515 patients. We reviewed the long-term outcomes of Flocks' prostate cancer patients as compared to those patients treated by other methods at the University of Iowa before Flocks' chairmanship. We reviewed archived patient records, Flocks' published data, and long-term survival data from the Iowa Tumor Registry to determine short- and long-term outcomes of Flocks' work with colloidal gold. We also reviewed the literature of Flocks' time to compare his outcomes against those of his contemporaries. The use of colloidal gold, either as primary or adjunctive therapy, provided short- and long-term survival benefit for the majority of Flocks' patients as compared to historical treatment options (p < 0.001). Flocks' use of colloidal gold for the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer offered short- and long-term survival benefits compared to other contemporary treatments.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/history , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/history , Prostatic Neoplasms/history , Radiopharmaceuticals/history , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/therapeutic use , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
2.
Curr Pharm Des ; 11(16): 2095-105, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15974961

ABSTRACT

In recent years the fields of medicine and biology assist to an ever-growing innovation related to the development of nanotechnologies. In the pharmaceutical domain, for example, liposomes, polymer based micro and nanoparticles have been subjects of intense research and development during the last three decades. In this scenario metallic particles, which use was already suggested in the first half of the '80, are now experiencing a real renaissance. In the field of diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging is one of the first and up to now the most developed application of metallic particles. But beside this application, a very new generation of biosensors based on the optical properties of colloidal gold and fluorescent nanocrystals, called quantum dots seems to be ready to be implemented in diagnosis and medical imaging. Concerning therapeutic applications, the potentialities of metal nanoparticles to help fulfilling the need of time and space controlled release of drugs has been intuited for a long time. Nowadays, magnetically guided carriers or thermal responsive matrices, in which drug release is triggered by the heating of metal nanoparticles, are effective examples of their application in drug delivery, while more recently efforts to develop metallic nanoobjects to be used as vectors of nucleic acids for vaccination and transfection have been multiplied. In the future, one of the most interesting challenges is certainly the use of metallic nanoparticles for an innovating, effective and selective physical treatment of solid tumors via targeted intracellular hyperthermia.


Subject(s)
Gold Colloid, Radioactive/therapeutic use , Gold Colloid , Nanotechnology/methods , Animals , Humans , Nanotechnology/trends
3.
Tenn Med ; 97(4): 161-3, 2004 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15103973

ABSTRACT

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 8 to 10 children out of every 1,000 live births. Of these, 2.2% have an abnormality associated with the spleen. Many previous studies have associated CHD and asplenia or polysplenia syndrome. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl with complex CHD who was noted to have Howell-Jolly bodies on her peripheral blood smear at birth, but disappeared at 2 months of age and radiographic evidence of splenic tissue with situs inversus. Unfortunately, she presented with overwhelming sepsis at 20 months of age. In this paper, we discuss multiple tests available for evaluating splenic function in children with CHD and heterotaxia. Hepatoiminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan in conjunction with radiocolloid scan is the best available choice today to document the presence or absence of a functional spleen in children with heterotaxia and CHD.


Subject(s)
Double Outlet Right Ventricle/genetics , Situs Inversus/genetics , Spleen/abnormalities , Child , Chromosome Aberrations , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Diagnosis, Differential , Double Outlet Right Ventricle/complications , Erythrocyte Inclusions , Female , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Radiography, Abdominal , Situs Inversus/complications , Spleen/diagnostic imaging , Spleen/pathology , Ultrasonography
5.
Aust Vet J ; 79(9): 604-8, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11702929

ABSTRACT

A 19-year-old, speyed, domestic short-hair cat was presented with an eyelid tumour of 3 months duration. Ophthalmic examination revealed a large, raised, ulcerated and bleeding mass affecting the left lower eyelid. The mass was 12 mm x 10 mm in size, extended to the medial canthus and had eroded 10 mm of eyelid margin. Mandibular lymph nodes were not palpably enlarged. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by histologic examination. Due to involvement of more than half the lower eyelid, it was decided that treatment with radioactive gold-198 seeds was appropriate. Nine radioactive gold-198 seeds were implanted, delivering a minimum tumour dose of 65 Gy. Three weeks postoperatively the mass had resolved, with only a small scab remaining. After a further 3 weeks, there was no evidence of the eyelid tumour. Although approximately 7 mm of eyelid margin was absent, this did not cause any clinical signs other than mild conjunctivitis. There was no evidence of the tumour 10 months postoperatively, when the cat was euthanased for unrelated disease.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Cat Diseases/radiotherapy , Eyelid Neoplasms/veterinary , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/therapeutic use , Animals , Brachytherapy/methods , Brachytherapy/veterinary , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cats , Eyelid Neoplasms/pathology , Eyelid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Safety , Treatment Outcome
6.
Haemophilia ; 7 Suppl 2: 31-3, 2001 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11564142

ABSTRACT

According to the experiences of the Malmö Haemophilia Centre, the best way to avoid recurrent joint bleedings and synovitis in haemophilic patients and to prevent progressive joint disease is prophylactic factor treatment. If prophylaxis is impracticable and also in patients with factor inhibitors, radioactive synoviorthesis seems to be a good treatment option if started early.


Subject(s)
Gold Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Hemophilia A/complications , Synovitis/radiotherapy , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/administration & dosage , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/therapeutic use , Gold Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Hemarthrosis/complications , Hemarthrosis/drug therapy , Hemarthrosis/etiology , Hemophilia A/pathology , Hemophilia A/therapy , Humans , Injections, Intra-Articular , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Synovial Membrane/drug effects , Synovitis/etiology , Synovitis/pathology , Treatment Outcome
7.
Acta Neuropathol ; 94(2): 146-52, 1997 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9255389

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of white matter lesions, which are frequently found in ischemic cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, remains unclear. Using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a marker, the present study focused on the role of astroglia which show characteristic morphological alterations. Of 29 brains of patients with cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, 4 brains showed extensive swelling and vacuolation of white matter astroglia with their processes disintegrated and beaded (termed clasmatodendrosis). No such cells were observed in 6 control patients. Clasmatodendritic astroglia were not intensely eosinophilic using hematoxylin and eosin staining and included large lipophilic granules in their perikarya. These astroglia were immunoreactive for serum proteins such as immunoglobulins, fibrinogen and complement C3, C1q and C3d, as well as for proteins which are known to increase in reactive astroglia, such as vimentin, alpha-B crystallin, apolipoprotein-E and laminin. Double labeling for GFAP and microglial cell markers indicated that these cells were of astroglial lineage. Immunoelectron microscopy for GFAP revealed that clasmatodendritic astroglia had condensed chromatin, lysosomes and large membrane-bound osmiophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, which corresponded to the lipophilic granules observed with light microscopy. These cytochemical features collectively suggest that clasmatodendritic astroglia incorporate edema fluid and phagocytose cellular debris, and eventually degenerate as a result of cerebral edema.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Astrocytes/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/pathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Astrocytes/immunology , Astrocytes/ultrastructure , Blood Proteins/immunology , Brain/physiopathology , Brain Diseases/etiology , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology , Female , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Microscopy , Microscopy, Immunoelectron , Middle Aged , Neuroglia/metabolism , Tissue Distribution
8.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys ; 25(3): 505-12, 1993 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8382202

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of radioactive gold grain implant via the split palate approach in the control of locally recurrent or persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Forty-three patients, 10 for persistent NPC, 28 for first relapse in the nasopharynx, and five for second relapse in the nasopharynx, were treated. The diameter of the tumors at the time of gold grain implant ranged from 0.5 to 5 cm, the number of gold grains inserted varied from 4 to 14, the median number was seven. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the control of the primary tumor for persistent disease (80% at 5 years), first relapse (61% at 5 years) and second relapse (80% at 3 years), p = 0.8845. The difference in survival between the three subgroups of patients, however, was highly significant (p = 0.0040). Thirty patients had CT evaluation before gold grain implant and the tumor was found confined to the nasopharynx in 21, in the remaining nine patients erosion of the sphenoid sinus or other parts of the base of skull was noted. The difference in the control between those patients with tumors confined to the nasopharynx and those patients with extranasopharyngeal extension of tumor almost reached statistical significance (81% and 44% respectively at 5 years, p = 0.0554). For the six patients who developed local recurrence after gold grain implant and were evaluable for the pattern of failure, the recurrent tumors were considered originating from another region of the nasopharynx in four, and in-field failure in the other two cases. CONCLUSION: Radioactive gold grain implant as salvage treatment provides satisfactory control of persistent and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The local control was better when the tumor was localized to the nasopharynx, thus underlines the importance of close follow-up for early recognition of relapse and persistent tumor. However, such patients still suffered from high incidence of regional and distant failure, the pathophysiology and management of which require further investigation.


Subject(s)
Brachytherapy , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy , Adult , Aged , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/administration & dosage , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Palate
9.
Environ Health Perspect ; 97: 47-51, 1992 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1327738

ABSTRACT

Because inhalation and intratracheal instillation deposit particles throughout the respiratory tract, these methods of administration give little information on the movement of particles within the lung and no direct information on the clearance kinetics from locally defined sites within alveolar tissue. Approximately 0.05 microL of 195Au-labeled gold colloid was administered to 32 rats by microinjection into a small volume of subpleural alveoli. Its fate was studied by whole-body counting and serial sacrifice over 15 months. The kinetics of clearance from the subpleural deposition site showed that there was no rapid removal of particles, and the main clearance process was defined by an exponential term with a half-time averaging 583 days. There was a wide variation between individual animals. The distribution of 195Au at sacrifice showed that the gold colloid was nearly all retained within the respiratory tract. The particles were not appreciably redistributed throughout the lung volume, so most of the material not cleared from the lung remained close to the deposition site. At the later times after microinjection, much of the gold colloid was associated with thickened pleura and adjoining septae.


Subject(s)
Gold Colloid, Radioactive/pharmacokinetics , Lung/metabolism , Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism , Animals , Autoradiography , Biological Transport , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/administration & dosage , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Macrophages, Alveolar/diagnostic imaging , Male , Microinjections , Microscopy, Electron , Pleura/diagnostic imaging , Pleura/metabolism , Pleura/ultrastructure , Radiography , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344
10.
Am Rev Respir Dis ; 146(1): 224-31, 1992 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1320819

ABSTRACT

Removal of circulating particulates (bacteria, cell debris, endotoxin) is accomplished in most species by macrophages resident in the liver and spleen. We have shown that sheep and other species have phagocytic macrophages resident in their pulmonary capillaries. Moreover, these pulmonary intravascular macrophages accomplish the bulk of uptake of injected tracer particles, bacteria, or endotoxin (LPS). Because bacteria or LPS of intestinal origin enter the portal circulation, they would first encounter hepatic mononuclear phagocytes. We sought to determine the extent to which particulates injected into the portal circulation of sheep would be taken up by liver or by lung macrophages. Sheep (four per group) were injected via a mesenteric vein with radiolabeled gold colloid, magnetic iron oxide particles, live Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or 125I E. coli endotoxin. For each, the uptake pattern was determined 1 h after injection. Lung and liver were also fixed to determine the cells responsible for uptake and subsequent inflammatory changes. We found that for circulating gold colloid, iron oxide particles, or bacteria, hepatic uptake predominated, and Kupffer cells were responsible. After hepatic uptake of bacteria, inflammatory changes were confined to the liver. In contrast, nearly 50% of endotoxin escaped hepatic clearance and was subsequently removed by the lungs. We then saw inflammatory changes in both lungs and liver. Thus, hepatic macrophages are active in species with pulmonary intravascular macrophages, partially sparing the lungs from uptake and acute inflammation. Endotoxin, however, may elude hepatic uptake, be sequestered in the lungs, and initiate inflammation there.


Subject(s)
Endotoxins/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Animals , Female , Ferric Compounds/administration & dosage , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/administration & dosage , Inflammation/physiopathology , Injections, Intravenous , Liver/pathology , Lung/pathology , Macrophages/physiology , Particle Size , Phagocytosis , Portal Vein , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Sheep
12.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 72(4): 216-8, 254, 1992 Apr.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1327449

ABSTRACT

Two monoclonal antibodies anti-HCG were prepared. One anti-alpha HCG was directly labeled with colloidal gold, and the other, anti-beta HCG was coated on nitrocellulose membrane as dot. After determination of optimal conditions of the system, an immunogold dot blot assay for testing HCG in urine sample was established. The sensitivity of the assay was 50 mIU HCG/ml, corresponding to the content of HCG in the urine of women about 30 days after last menstruation. The assay has been evaluated in clinical trial. All the testing results accorded with clinical diagnosis. No false positive results appeared. This simple, rapid and stable assay is ideal for women to diagnose early pregnancy at home.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Tests, Immunologic/methods , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Chorionic Gonadotropin/immunology , Chorionic Gonadotropin/urine , Female , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, First
13.
J Hirnforsch ; 33(2): 151-67, 1992.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1280294

ABSTRACT

Attempts were made to co-define afferents of the oculomotor nuclear complex (OMC) and their putative neurotransmitters in the squirrel monkey. Wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to enzymatically inactive HRP and coupled to colloidal gold (WGAapoHRP-AU) were used as retrograde tracers in combination with immunocytochemical methods. Primarily unilateral injections were made into portions of the OMC. Stabilized tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and silver enhanced sections were immunoreacted with antisera for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutamate (GLU), aspartate (ASP), aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin (5-HT) and cholecystokinin (CCK). Moderate numbers of ChAT-IR neurons in caudal regions of the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) projected to the OMC. Tracer labeled ChAT-IR cells in the MVN projected ipsilaterally to the ventral nucleus (medial rectus subdivision) of the OMC and bilaterally with contralateral dominance to other OMC subdivisions. Cholinergic neurons in the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (DPG) projected bilaterally to each half of the OMC. Cells of the DPG, considered to contain inhibitory burst neurons impinging upon the contralateral abducens nucleus, were shown to project to virtually all subdivision of the OMC. Abducens motor neurons were ChAT-IR, but abducens internuclear neurons were not. Cells in caudal parts of the nucleus prepositus (NPP) projecting to the ipsilateral ventral nucleus of the OMC were not ChAT-positive; ChAT-IR cells in rostral NPP did not project to the OMC. Unilateral OMC injections labeled cells ipsilaterally in the RiMLF, contralaterally in the pretectal olivary nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and the infracerebellar nucleus and bilaterally in the superior vestibular nucleus, none of which were ChAT-IR. A small number of cells in the locus ceruleus projected ipsilaterally to the OMC. Although large numbers of vestibular neurons were GLU-IR and ASP-IR, only a few tracer labeled ASP-IR neurons in the contralateral MVN projected to the OMC. No other GLU- or ASP-positive neurons were immunoreactive for GABA, 5-HT or CCK, but cells of the lateral vestibular nucleus were surrounded by CCK-IR fibers and terminals.


Subject(s)
Neurons, Afferent/metabolism , Oculomotor Nerve/metabolism , Animals , Aspartic Acid/immunology , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Benzidines , Choline O-Acetyltransferase/immunology , Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism , Glutamates/immunology , Glutamates/metabolism , Glutamic Acid , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Horseradish Peroxidase , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons, Afferent/enzymology , Oculomotor Nerve/ultrastructure , Saimiri , Staining and Labeling , Vestibular Nuclei/physiology , Vestibular Nuclei/ultrastructure , Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate , Wheat Germ Agglutinins , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/immunology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
14.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (5): 46-50, 1992.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1284418

ABSTRACT

The authors have devised a method of contact radiotherapy with open radionuclides (198Au) to be used in the treatment of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Indications for therapy have been defined. In 360 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, radioactive colloid gold was administered to the affected joints. The therapeutic effect was slow in development. The best clinical results were recorded at month 12. Considerable improvement was noticed in 70% of the patients, improvement in 20%, and in 10% of the patients, no therapeutic effect could be recorded. Good effect was ascertained in patients with X-ray Stage I and II disease (70%).


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/radiotherapy , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/therapeutic use , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Blood Coagulation Tests , Female , Gold Colloid, Radioactive/administration & dosage , Hemostasis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Time Factors
15.
Tsitologiia ; 34(5): 118-21, 1992.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1333661

ABSTRACT

With light and electron microscopy, the localization of human albumin labeled with colloidal gold is described in the subclavia lymph nodes of rabbits following an intraperitoneal injection of this labeled albumin. Most of the particles were found in the reticular cells of the sinus, and some particles were identified in the sinus macrophages. No particles were found inside lymph node follicules within 1 hour after injection. All stages of internalization of foreign protein inside lymph node cells were demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Animals , Female , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Humans , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lymph Nodes/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Rabbits , Serum Albumin/administration & dosage , Subclavian Vein , Time Factors
16.
Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi ; 14(1): 3-5, 1992 Jan.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1327688

ABSTRACT

Natural killer cells/large granular lymphocytes (NK/LGL) separated on discontinuous Percoll gradient from rat spleen cells were injected iv to rats (7 x 10(7) cells/rat) 3 days following iv inoculation of 2 x 10(6) Walker-256 cells. Two and 4 hr after NK/LCL injection, animals were sacrificed and the lungs examined by light and immunoelectron microscopy. The latter was done using colloidal gold-labelled polyclonal antibody against purified rat LGL cytoplasmic granules. At 2 hr following iv NK/LGL, in addition to the scattered individual tumor cells and minute tumor foci, many lymphocytes were seen accumulating in the small pulmonary vessels and capillaries. This was not observed in tumor-inoculated control rats. At 4 hr, many extravasated lymphocytes reached the lung parenchyma, some of which had attached to the tumor cells. Immunoelectromicroscopically, lymphocytes were found in intimate contact with the tumor cells with the cytoplasmic gold particles clustering at the cell contact site. Gold particles could also be seen closely adherent to the plasma membrane of degenerating tumor cells. This is the first in vivo demonstration of the role of cytotoxic granules of NK cells in tumor cell lysis.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma 256, Walker/therapy , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Animals , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Male , Microscopy, Immunoelectron , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
17.
Neirofiziologiia ; 24(3): 291-8, 1992.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1325038

ABSTRACT

The structure and topography of carbohydrates on the surface of nerve cells of snail Helix pomatia cultured in vitro have been characterized with a series of colloidal gold-labelled lectins of different sugar specificity. The analysis of the lectin binding has shown substantial differences in the carbohydrate pattern between the soma of monoaminergic and peptidergic neurons. It has been found that the surface of monoaminergic and peptidergic neurons contains N-acetylglucosamine (WGA+) and N-acetyllactosamine (RCA-1-) determinants and does not contain neuraminic acid (LPA-) and complex branched N-glycosyl chains (PVA-). At the same time N-acetylgalactosamine (HPA+) was detected on the peptidergic neuron membrane only. It has been concluded that terminal residues of sialic acid are absent on the most of snail nerve cells. Differences in lectin binding between monoaminergic and peptidergic neurons can serve as a basis for formation of specific connections of cells by different types in the developing brain.


Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/analysis , Helix, Snails/chemistry , Neurons/chemistry , Acetylgalactosamine/analysis , Acetylglucosamine/analysis , Amino Sugars/analysis , Animals , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Cells, Cultured , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Immunohistochemistry , Lectins , Neurons/ultrastructure
18.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 104(8): 634-8, 1991 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1655363

ABSTRACT

We used 46 rabbits for the study of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability quantitatively in early-stage brain injury by a dropping weight method. The animals were divided into two groups: control group and brain injury group. Both Evans' blue and colloidal gold (CG) particles were utilized for evaluation of BBB permeability alteration. Three different sizes of CG 5, 10 and 15 nm in diameter were employed as tracers for a quantitative investigation of BBB changes by light and electron microscopes respectively. In addition, the brain water contents were determined. The preliminary data indicated that an increase of BBB permeability began 30 minutes after the injury with a few of 5 or 10 nm CG particles present in the endocytic pits and endothelial microvilli, and the augmentation of BBB permeability reached its peak 6 hours after the injury. More CG tracers penetrated into the precapillary arterioles, venules or capillaries through the opening of tight junctions of BBB and by vesicular transportation. The variation of the brain water contents was closely correlated to the above-mentioned BBB changes. It is suggested that the vasogenic cerebral edema was mainly caused by the augmentation of BBB permeability.


Subject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Capillary Permeability , Animals , Brain/ultrastructure , Brain Edema/etiology , Brain Injuries/complications , Brain Injuries/pathology , Female , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Male , Rabbits , Time Factors
19.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 71(7): 369-72, 26, 1991 Jul.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1659477

ABSTRACT

The monoclonal antibodies against human hepatoma, HAb23, HAb18 and HAb8, were linked with 5 nm colloid gold. They were used to incubate with the target cells, QGY-7703 and SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cell lines, at 4 degree C for 1 hour. The incubated hepatoma cells were divided into 6 groups and then were put into 37 degree C water incubator for 0, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes respectively. After washing, the target cells were fixed with Karnovsky's fixative and embedded in Epon 812. There were four intracellular routings for HAb 23, HAb18 and HAb8 to enter the QGY-7703 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells: (1) Coated pits coated: The colloid gold-antibodies which clustered in the specialised regions of the surface membrane were invaginated rapidly into the cells to form coated vesicles. (2) Enclosed invagination: One or two colloid gold-antibodies which were attached on the surface membrane were invaginated into the cell by endocytosis. (3) Microvilli involved routing: The microvilli which were adsorbed by the colloid gold-antibodies were broken and then were phagocytized by the cells. (4) Routing via glycocalyx-like material: The glycocalyx-like material which was clustered by the colloid gold-antibodies was invaginated during endocytosis.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology , Liver Neoplasms/immunology , Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology , Endocytosis , Gold Colloid, Radioactive , Humans , Microscopy, Electron , Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology , Tumor Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
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