Subject(s)
Charities/legislation & jurisprudence , Community Health Centers/economics , Fund Raising/legislation & jurisprudence , Golf/economics , Anniversaries and Special Events , Community Health Centers/legislation & jurisprudence , Community-Institutional Relations/economics , Conflict of Interest , Fraud/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , United States , United States Dept. of Health and Human ServicesABSTRACT
In any consideration of cultural diffusion, what matters is not only what happens to a cultural form when it arrives, but that it arrives. In the twentieth century, Latin America, like too many other areas of the world, has been a place of diplomatic turmoil, social inequality, political paranoia, capitalist exploitation and class conflict. However, despite all this, and through all this, it may be stated factually and without sentimentality, that it has also been a place where people have survived and thrived, worked, loved and played. Modern sport has brought to their play both unhappy moments of disillusion and disappointment and marvellous opportunities for illusion and pleasure. Modern sport, with its beauty spots and warts, is the reality and while there are things to criticize, there are also many things to applaud. Along with others, the English middle class played a not insignificant part in the arrival of modern sport in Latin America.
Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants , Social Class , Social Values , Sports , Argentina/ethnology , Cultural Diversity , Emigrants and Immigrants/education , Emigrants and Immigrants/history , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Football/economics , Football/education , Football/history , Football/physiology , Football/psychology , Golf/economics , Golf/education , Golf/history , Golf/physiology , Golf/psychology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Interpersonal Relations , Latin America/ethnology , Leisure Activities/economics , Leisure Activities/psychology , Recreation/economics , Recreation/physiology , Recreation/psychology , Soccer/economics , Soccer/education , Soccer/history , Soccer/physiology , Soccer/psychology , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Mobility/economics , Social Mobility/history , Social Values/ethnology , Sports/education , Sports/history , Sports/physiology , Sports/psychology , Tennis/economics , Tennis/education , Tennis/history , Tennis/physiology , Tennis/psychologyABSTRACT
The membership of a private golf club in South Carolina's Piedmont Physiographic Region was surveyed to determine perceptions regarding local black fly populations and the effects of these populations on golfing habits. The economic impact of black fly annoyance at this club was estimated to be $27,202. Adult monitoring indicated that the pest species were members of the Simulium jenningsi group; larval monitoring identified the Enoree River, Laurens County, as the primary source of the pest species. A localized suppression program was initiated during the late summer of 1994 and continued through the fall of 1995. Four larvicide applications were conducted in 1994 and 11 in 1995, using the biological insecticide Vectobac. Larval mortalities of 94.5 and 97% were produced during 1994 and 1995, respectively. Adult black fly populations were reduced 92 and 88% during 1994 and 1995, respectively, from pre-program populations. Improvements for future suppression programs are proposed.
