[transversion of cell polarity from Bi- to multipolarity is the mechanism determining multiple spore formation in Anaerobacter polyendosporus PS-1T].

The number of spores formed in a single cell ofAnaerobacterpolyendosporus PS-1T is significantly influenced by the composition of nutrient media. Depending on carbohydrate concentration in synthetic medium, the number of spores may vary from one-two to five-seven. Investigation of spore formation by fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that on media with 0.5-1.0% glucose or galactose most of the vegetative cells remained rod-shaped after cessation of cell division in the culture. Their nucleoids were localized at cell poles close to the polar site of the cytoplasmic membrane. Forespores were formed at one or both of these poles. A satellite nucleoid (operator) was detected close to each forespore. In the variant with bipolar organization of mother cells only one or two spores per cell were formed. In the second variant of cultivation, when the cells grew at low galactose concentrations (0.1-0.3%), most of the vegetative cells increased in volume and became oval or spherical after cessation of cell division in the culture. Epifluorescence microscopy with nucleic acids-specific fluorochromes (DAPI and acridine orange) revealed the presence of multiple (six to nine) nucleoids in these cells. The nucleoids were located at the cell periphery in close contact with the cytoplasmic membrane. These nucleoids became the centers (poles) for forespore formation. Thus, in the early stationary phase transversion from bipolar to multipolar cells occurred during the early stationary phase. Cessation of cell division combined with continuing replication of the nucleoids resulted in formation on multinuclear cells. The multiplicity of nucleoides and multipolarity of these cells were prerequisites determining endogenous polysporogenesis, occurring as synchronous formation of three to seven twin spores in a number of the oval and spherical cells.

Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVE: Many species within the phylum Firmicutes are thought to exert anti-inflammatory effects. We quantified bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricicoccus in stools of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). We evaluated the effect of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in a rat colitis model and analysed the ability to prevent cytokine-induced increases in epithelial permeability. DESIGN: A genus-specific quantitative PCR was used for quantification of Butyricicoccus in stools from patients with UC or CD and healthy subjects. The effect of B pullicaecorum on trinitrobenzenesulfonic (TNBS)-induced colitis was assessed and the effect of B pullicaecorum culture supernatant on epithelial barrier function was investigated in vitro. RESULTS: The average number of Butyricicoccus in stools from patients with UC and CD in active (UC: 8.61 log10/g stool; CD: 6.58 log10/g stool) and remission phase (UC: 8.69 log10/g stool; CD: 8.38 log10/g stool) was significantly lower compared with healthy subjects (9.32 log10/g stool) and correlated with disease activity in CD. Oral administration of B pullicaecorum resulted in a significant protective effect based on macroscopic and histological criteria and decreased intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-12 levels. Supernatant of B pullicaecorum prevented the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) and the increase in IL-8 secretion induced by TNFα and interferon γ (IFN gamma) in a Caco-2 cell model. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have lower numbers of Butyricicoccus bacteria in their stools. Administration of B pullicaecorum attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats and supernatant of B pullicaecorum cultures strengthens the epithelial barrier function by increasing the TER.

Psychrobacillus gen. nov. and proposal for reclassification of Bacillus insolitus Larkin & Stokes, 1967, B. psychrotolerans Abd-El Rahman et al., 2002 and B. psychrodurans Abd-El Rahman et al., 2002 as Psychrobacillus insolitus comb. nov., Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans comb. nov. and Psychrobacillus psychrodurans comb. nov.

The taxonomic status of three Bacillus species, Bacillus insolitus, B. psychrodurans and B. psychrotolerans was reexamined using a polyphasic approach. In our analysis, these three Bacillus species formed a cluster separate from other members of Bacillus rRNA group 2 [5] and from Bacillus sensu stricto. These three species shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between them (97.8-99.7%) and showed closest sequence similarity (95.3-96.3%) to Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum gen. nov., sp. nov. [18]. Sequence similarities with other related genera ranged between 90.9% and 94.5%. Phylogenetic coherence of the three species was supported by phenotypic characteristics, such as growth at low temperatures, negative oxidation and assimilation of many carbohydrates, MK8 as the major isoprenoid quinine and broadly similar polar lipid profiles. All three species had a similar peptidoglycan type of the variation A4ß and similar genomic G+C contents (35.7-36.6 mol% [1]). Genomic relatedness among them was shown to be less than 70% and justified their separate species status [1]. These three species could be differentiated from each other and from related taxa on the basis of phenotypic, including chemotaxonomic, characteristics and ribotype patterns. On the basis of our analysis, we propose a new genus Psychrobacillus gen. nov. and to transfer B. insolitus, B. psychrodurans and B. psychrotolerans to the new genus as Psychrobacillus insolitus comb. nov. (type species of the genus; type strain W16B(T)=DSM 5(T)), P. psychrodurans comb. nov. (type strain 68E3(T)=DSM 11713(T)) and P. psychrotolerans comb. nov. (type strain 3H1(T)=DSM 11706(T)).

A comparative molecular study of the presence of "Candidatus arthromitus" in the digestive system of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), healthy and affected with rainbow trout gastroenteritis.

Observations were made using histopathological techniques in conjunction with a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the specific detection of "Candidatus arthromitus" on DNA extracted from wax-embedded tissues and fresh digestive contents of rainbow trout. Samples positive for "Candidatus arthromitus" DNA included fish with rainbow trout gastroenteritis (RTGE), clinically normal cohabiting fish, and apparently healthy controls from RTGE positive and RTGE negative sites. The results obtained from the PCR were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. "Candidatus arthromitus" DNA was found in distal intestine as well as in sections of pyloric caeca, suggesting that both these locations are appropriate for molecular detection of "Candidatus arthromitus" DNA in trout. Furthermore, rainbow trout fry distal intestinal samples from two different hatcheries where RTGE had not been reported were also positive. Differences in "Candidatus arthromitus" DNA detection between paraffin wax-embedded and fresh digestive content samples from the same fish suggested that it may be predominantly epithelium-associated in healthy trout. Parallel histopathological observations indicated that pyloric caeca are the preferred site for visualizing segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in trout with RTGE. The results of this study showed that the presence of SFB was not invariably associated with clinical disease and that more information is required to understand the role of these organisms.

Brevibacillus fluminis sp. nov., isolated from sediment of estuarine wetland.

Identification of a bacterial strain, designated CJ71(T), was carried out using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain CJ71(T) was isolated from sediment from the estuarine wetland of the Han River, South Korea, by enrichment culture using pyrene as the sole carbon and energy source. The isolate was white-pigmented, rod-shaped, Gram-positive, strictly aerobic and motile. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain CJ71(T) had the highest sequence similarity (96.9 %) to Brevibacillus formosus DSM 9885(T). The predominant cellular fatty acids in strain CJ71(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (49.5 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (16.9 %), iso-C(14 : 0) (16.9 %) and iso-C(16 : 0) (4.9 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.4 mol%. Results from the polyphasic taxonomic study suggest that strain CJ71(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus for which the name Brevibacillus fluminis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CJ71(T) (=KACC 13381(T)=JCM 15716(T)).

Paenibacillus dendritiformis bacterial colony growth depends on surfactant but not on bacterial motion.

Most research on growing bacterial colonies on agar plates has concerned the effect of genetic or morphotype variation. Some studies have indicated that there is a correlation between microscopic bacterial motion and macroscopic colonial expansion, especially for swarming strains, but no measurements have been obtained for a single strain to relate the microscopic scale to the macroscopic scale. We examined here a single strain (Paenibacillus dendritiformis type T; tip splitting) to determine both the macroscopic growth of colonies and the microscopic bacterial motion within the colonies. Our multiscale measurements for a variety of growth conditions revealed that motion on the microscopic scale and colonial growth are largely independent. Instead, the growth of the colony is strongly affected by the availability of a surfactant that reduces surface tension.

Paenibacillus pectinilyticus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Diestrammena apicalis.

During a search for exo-enzyme-producing bacteria in the gut of an insect, Diestrammena apicalis, a novel bacterium capable of degrading pectin was isolated. The isolate, designated strain RCB-08(T), comprised Gram-positive, endospore-forming, motile rods capable of growth at 15-30 degrees C and pH 6.0-8.7. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 51.5 mol% and the predominant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0) (74.1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RCB-08(T) was affiliated with a cluster within the Paenibacillaceae, and was related most closely to Paenibacillus chondroitinus NBRC 15376(T), with a sequence similarity of 96.7 %. The DNA-DNA relatedness value for strain RCB-08(T) with P. chondroitinus NBRC 15376(T) was 15.0 %. Strain RCB-08(T) hydrolysed pectin, but not cellulose, casein, starch or xylan. Strain RCB-08(T) could be clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species on the basis of characteristics observed using a polyphasic approach. Therefore strain RCB-08(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus pectinilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RCB-08(T) (=KCTC 13222(T)=CECT 7358(T)).

Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov., psychrotolerant, xylan-degrading bacteria from Alaskan tundra.

Eight psychrotolerant, xylan-degrading strains of bacteria that were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and able to reduce nitrate to nitrite were isolated from soil beneath moist non-acidic and acidic tundra in northern Alaska. The DNA G+C contents for the strains ranged from 46.4-50.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that each strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene similarity was found between the eight strains and Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T) (98.9-99.1 %). However, despite relatively high 16S rRNA gene similarity, DNA-DNA hybridization, repetitive elements genotyping and phenotypic analysis revealed that at least two of the strains differed from P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T). DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain A10b(T) and P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T) (4.3 %), between strain B22a(T) and P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T) (48.8 %) and between strain A10b(T) and strain B22a(T) (11.0 %) were below those recommended by the ad hoc committee for those belonging to the same species. Significant phenotypic features that differentiate these novel strains from P. amylolyticus included their inability to utilize l-arabinose and ability to utilize glycogen as sole carbon sources. Unlike strains 1B4a and B22a(T), strains A6a and A10b(T) produced ethanol as an end product of glucose fermentation, utilized acetic acid and 2,3-butanediol and did not utilize d-gluconic acid. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the most abundant fatty acid for strains A10b(T) and B22a(T). On the basis of these results, strains A10b(T) and B22a(T) are each considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. is A10b(T) (=NRRL B-51094(T)=DSM 21291(T)). The type strain of Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov. is B22a(T) (=NRRL B-51090(T)=DSM 21292(T)).

Saccharibacillus kuerlensis sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil.

A taxonomic study was performed on strain HR1(T), which was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Xinjiang Province (China). Cells were aerobic, Gram-positive-staining, pink-pigmented, sporulating rods with a single lateral flagellum. The organism can grow at 15-42 degrees C and pH 5.0-10.0, optimally at 30-37 degrees C and pH 6.0-8.0. Growth is inhibited by 6 % NaCl. Analysis of almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate represents a distinct taxon within the genus Saccharibacillus; Saccharibacillus sacchari LMG 24085(T) was the nearest relative (97.9 % sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization showed 29.6 % genetic relatedness between strain HR1(T) and S. sacchari LMG 24085(T). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the predominant fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0) (50.3 %). The G+C content of the DNA was 50.5 mol%. Therefore, based on phenotypic criteria and the phylogenetic position, strain HR1(T) belongs to a previously unidentified species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus kuerlensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HR1(T) (=KCTC 13182(T) =JCM 14865(T) =CGMCC 1.6964(T)).

Paenibacillus pueri sp. nov., isolated from Pu'er tea.

Pu'er tea is a fermented drink made from the leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Two novel bacteria, designated strains b09i-3(T) and b13i-1, were isolated during the process of fermentation of this tea. These isolates were Gram-positive, endospore-forming, motile rods that grew at 25-42 degrees C and pH 5.5-10.4. The DNA G+C content was 56.6-58.4 mol%, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0) (49.0-50 % of the total). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains b09i-3(T) and b13i-1 shared 99.9 % similarity and were affiliated with a cluster within the family Paenibacillaceae. Strains b09i-3(T) and b13i-1 were related most closely to Paenibacillus ginsengihumi DCY16(T) (97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between the two novel isolates and P. ginsengihumi DCY16(T) were below 56 %. The phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of these novel isolates allowed them to be distinguished clearly from recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus. Based on these data, strains b09i-3(T) and b13i-1 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus pueri sp. nov. is proposed. The type species is b09i-3(T) (=KCTC 13223(T)=CECT 7360(T)).

Description of Rummeliibacillus stabekisii gen. nov., sp. nov. and reclassification of Bacillus pycnus Nakamura et al. 2002 as Rummeliibacillus pycnus comb. nov.

Strains of aerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, round-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from different geographical locations and a subsequent polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of the round-spore-forming isolates strain KSC-SF6g(T), strain M32 and strain NBRC 12622. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities demonstrated that these strains were most closely affiliated with Bacillus pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) (98 %), with species of Kurthia (96 %) and Viridibacillus (94-96 %) as the next nearest relatives. However, while DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed approx. 70 % reassociation among strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622, DNA-DNA hybridization values between these strains and B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) never exceeded 13 %. Differences in the molecular structure of the cell-wall peptidoglycan could not differentiate these strains sufficiently from other closely related genera (Viridibacillus and Kurthia). However, Lys-Asp was present in strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622, whereas l-Lys-d-Glu was reported in B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T). The menaquinone MK-7 was dominant in strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622 and members of the genus Kurthia, whereas MK-8 was abundant in Viridibacillus species. Strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622 exhibited fatty acid profiles consisting of major amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0) ( approximately 50 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) ( approximately 25 %) and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(17 : 0) ( approximately 7 %), which discriminated them from closely related B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) and species of Viridibacillus (iso-C(15 : 0); 46-74 %). The authors propose that strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622 and B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) be reclassified into a separate genus based on clear-cut differences in discriminative taxonomic markers and the distant placement of B. pycnus and the novel strains described herein from other species of this clade according to current 16S rRNA gene sequence-based relatedness ( approximately 4 % difference in sequence). We propose the placement of these isolates into the novel genus Rummeliibacillus gen. nov. For the new taxon comprising strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622, we propose the name Rummeliibacillus stabekisii gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species of Rummeliibacillus), represented by the type strain KSC-SF6g(T) (=NRRL B-51320(T) =NBRC 104870(T)). In addition, Bacillus pycnus, which bears traits distinct from other round-spore-forming species [i.e. absence of growth at high NaCl (7 %), positive reaction for gelatin liquefaction], is reclassified as Rummeliibacillus pycnus comb. nov. (type strain JCM 11075(T) =NRRL NRS-1691(T)) based on phylogenetic affiliations and phenotypic characterization.

Brevibacillus panacihumi sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium.

Two Gram-positive-staining, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, strains DCY35(T) and C17, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea and were characterized in order to determine their taxonomic positions. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two strains belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae; strain DCY35(T) showed highest levels of similarity to strain C17 (99.9 %), Brevibacillus invocatus LMG 18962(T) (98.9 %), B. centrosporus DSM 8445(T) (98.0 %), B. borstelensis DSM 6347(T) (97.6 %), B. formosus DSM 9885(T) (97.4 %), B. agri DSM 6348(T) (97.3 %), B. brevis DSM 30(T) (97.3 %) and B. levickii LMG 22481(T) (97.0 %). Chemotaxonomic analyses revealed that strains DCY35(T) and C17 possess menaquinone MK-7, common to members of the genus Brevibacillus, and that the predominant fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (37.3 % of the total), anteiso-C(15 : 0) (32.9 %), iso-C(14 : 0) (11.8 %) and iso-C(16 : 0) (6.5 %). The results of physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strains DCY35(T) and C17 represent a distinct species. Based on these data, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus panacihumi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY35(T) (=KCTC 13206(T) =JCM 15085(T)).

Paenibacillus harenae sp. nov., isolated from desert sand in China.

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain B519T, was isolated from a desert sand sample of Gansu Province, China. Strain B519T was strictly aerobic and cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The strain grew optimally at 32-35 degrees C and pH 6.5-7.0. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of the new isolate to the genus Paenibacillus, including menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone, DNA G+C content of 49.9 mol%, cell-wall type A1gamma (meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid) and anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0) as the major fatty acids. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain B519T was most closely related to Paenibacillus alkaliterrae KSL-134T (98.0 % similarity). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain B519T and P. alkaliterrae KSL-134T was about 12.3 %. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain B519T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus harenae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B519T (=KCTC 3951T =DSM 16969T).

Paenibacillus tylopili sp.nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from the mycorhizosphere of Tylopilus felleus.

Two chitinolytic bacterial strains (designated MK2(T) and V7) were isolated from the mycorhizosphere of the fungus Tylopilus felleus. The strains were facultatively anaerobic G(+) endospore formers. Physiological analysis and 16S rRNA gene PCR-RFLP assays revealed nearly identical profiles for both strains, demonstrating their relationship at the species level. Sequences specific for the genus Paenibacillus were found within the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain MK2(T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed the highest similarity to the sequences of Paenibacillus amylolyticus, P. pabuli and P. xylanilyticus. DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with the type strain of P. amylolyticus was 4.95 %, of P. pabuli 38.0 %, and of P. xylanilyticus 46.3 %, indicating no relatedness between MK2(T) and any of them at the species level. The most abundant fatty acids in strains MK2(T) and V7 were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and n-C(16:0). DNA-DNA relatedness, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses, and phylogenetic data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing made it possible to describe both strains as the novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tylopili is proposed, the type strain being MK2(T) (DSM 18927(T), LMG 23975(T)).

Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the caecal content of a broiler chicken.

Five isolates that produced large amounts of butyrate were obtained in the course of a study on the butyrate-producing microbiota from the caecal content of a 4-week-old broiler chicken. The five isolates were virtually indistinguishable in biochemical and genetic terms, suggesting that they were derived from a single bacterial clone colonizing this habitat. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the five isolates represented a unique lineage within the Clostridium leptum subgroup of the clostridia, with Eubacterium desmolans as the closest phylogenetic neighbour (about 93 % similarity). These data indicate that the five novel isolates represent a single novel species within a novel genus, for which we propose the name Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum is 25-3(T) (=LMG 24109(T) =CCUG 55265(T)). The DNA G+C content of strain 25-3(T) was 54.5 mol% .

Paenibacillus taichungensis sp. nov., from soil in Taiwan.

Among a large collection of Taiwanese soil isolates, a novel Gram-variable, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strain, strain V10537(T), was subjected to a polyphasic study including 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, cell wall peptidoglycan type, cellular fatty acid composition analysis and comparative phenotypic characterization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the organism belonged to the genus Paenibacillus. Strain V10537(T) possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. It contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (53.6 %) and C(16 : 0) (19.0 %) as the major fatty acids. Phylogenetically, the most closely related species to strain V10537(T) were Paenibacillus pabuli, Paenibacillus xylanilyticus, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Paenibacillus barcinonensis and Paenibacillus illinoisensis, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.5, 98.8, 98.3, 98.2 and 98.1 % to the respective type strains. The gyrB gene sequence similarities between strain V10537(T) and these strains were 76.9-85.0 %. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed levels of relatedness of 8.5-45.6 % between strain V10537(T) and these strains. The DNA G+C content of strain V10537(T) was 46.7 mol%. Strain V10537(T) was clearly distinguishable from other Paenibacillus species and thus represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus taichungensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is V10537(T) (=BCRC 17757(T) =DSM 19942(T)).

Cohnella phaseoli sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus coccineus in Spain, and emended description of the genus Cohnella.

A bacterial strain designated GSPC1 T was isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus coccineus in Segovia (Spain). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 95.9 and 94.7 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of the type strains of Cohnella hongkongensis and Cohnella thermotolerans. Strain GSPC1 T presented phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular differences with respect to Cohnella species which indicated that it belonged to a different species. The isolate was a Gram-positive, aerobic, sporulated rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The strain was catalase-positive and showed weak oxidase activity. It grew in the presence of 2 % NaCl. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16: 0 and C16:0 were the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content was 60.3 mol%. The results of this study suggest that isolate GSPC1 T should be classified within a novel Cohnella species, for which the name Cohnella phaseoli sp. nov. is proposed, with strain GSPC1T (=LMG 24086T =DSM 19269T) as the type strain.