Case report: an intriguing sign in a patient with an inferior rectus muscle granular cell tumor.

RATIONALE: Occurrence of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) in the eye are rare and may be diagnosed by imaging examination and immune-histochemical studies. Two common signs of a rectus muscle tumor are the proptosis of the eye ball and the complaint of bi-ocular diploma. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old man visited our ophthalmology department with an about a 3-year history of vertical diplopia. His visual acuity when looking forward was normal but was severely low when gazing upward. DIAGNOSIS: Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the encapsulated tumor contained large nested or cord-like cells with small nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic particles. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells strongly expressed CD68, S100 and vimentin, were weakly positive for Ki67, and negative for CK. The tumor was diagnosed as a GCT. INTERVENTIONS: The tumor was surgically removed via a transconjunctival approach along inferior rectus muscle. OUTCOMES: The severe loss of acuity when gazing upward was ameliorated after surgery, but global mobility did not improve. Long-term follow-up was still needed. LESSONS: Ophthalmologists should be aware that when a patient's visual acuity is normal when looking forward but severely low when gazing upward, it may be a sign of a GCT of the inferior rectus muscle.

Gastric granular cell tumor in a youth excised by endoscopic submucosal dissection : A case report and literature review.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) usually develop in patients aged 30-50 years in the skin, tongue, and mammary gland, with 5-9% of GCTs occurring on the esophagus, ascending colon, and cecum. We report a case of gastric GCT in a 16-year-old male who presented with nausea and abdominal discomfort. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed an elastic hard and yellowish submucosal tumor of the gastric cardia anterior wall. GCT was suspected upon biopsy ; after total endoscopic submucosal dissection, histology of the resected tumor confirmed the diagnosis. Endoscopic treatment should be considered in youths with GCT.

Tumor de células granulares en ciego / Granular cell tumor of cecum

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Tumor de células granulares de mama. Un diagnóstico que se debe considerar / Granular cell tumour of the breast. A diagnosis to consider

El tumor de células granulares es un tumor poco frecuente y generalmente benigno que se origina en las células de Schwann. Su localización habitual es en la cabeza y el cuello y su aparición en la mama es infrecuente. Aun siendo un tumor infrecuente, el tumor de células granulares de la mama tiene una prevalencia mayor de lo que anteriormente se ha reconocido. Este tumor habitualmente imita al carcinoma de mama por la clínica y datos de imagen y su diagnóstico es anatomopatológico. El tratamiento es escisión local amplia y su pronóstico es bueno con escasa tasa de recidivas. Presentamos dos casos de tumores de células granulares de mama en mujeres posmenopáusicas que simulaban un carcinoma de mama en ecografía y mamografía. La primera se detectó en el programa de cribado de cáncer de mama y la segunda durante el seguimiento después de un carcinoma ductal infiltrante (AU)

The granular cell tumour is a very rare tumour which originates in the Schwann cells, and is generally benign. It is usually located in the head and neck, and its appearance in the breast is uncommon. Although it is rare tumour, granular cell tumours of the breast have a higher prevalence than previously recognised. This tumour usually imitates breast cancer due to its clinical and imaging data, with its diagnosis being by histopathology. The treatment is a wide local excision, and its prognosis is good with a low recurrence rate. We present two cases of granular tumours of the breast in post-menopausal women that simulated a breast carcinoma in the ultrasound and mammography. The first was detected in the breast cancer screening program, and the second during follow up of an invasive ductal carcinoma (AU)

Tumor de Abrikossoff / Abrikossoff tumor

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Tumor de células granulares en la pared torácica / Granular cell tumour of the chest wall

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Immunohistochemical localization of autophagosomal membrane-associated protein LC3 in granular cell tumor and schwannoma.

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a neoplasm derived from Schwann cell or (in cases arising in the neurohypophysis) pituicyte and is characterized by abundant cytoplasm filled with numerous eosinophilic granules, which have been considered autophagolysosomes on the basis of their ultrastructure. To confirm that the formation of these granules is related to an autophagy phenomenon, 12 cases of GCT (including two cases of GCT of the neurohypophysis) were studied immunohistochemically using an antibody against LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, a specific marker of autophagy). All cases of GCT showed granular immunoreactivity for LC3 in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, indicating that the formation of intracytoplasmic granules in GCT is closely related to an autophagy phenomenon. For elucidation of the relationship between GCT and schwannoma, 20 cases of schwannoma were similarly studied using the anti-LC3 antibody. In eight of 20 cases, a small number of tumor cells showed granular immunoreactivity for LC3, suggesting an increased autophagic activity in some schwannomas and further reinforcing the close relationship between GCT and schwannoma.

Hallazgos radiológicos del tumor de células granulares de la mama: un caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / No disponible

El tumor de células granulares puede originarse en cualquier parte del cuerpo, siendo más frecuente en cabeza y cuello y excepcional su localización en mama (5-8% de todos los casos de tumores de células granulares). Inicialmente se consideró como un mioblastoma, pero posteriormente se demostró su origen schawanniano. Son tumores generalmente benignos, que pueden simular clínica y radiológicamente un carcinoma de mama. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con un tumor de células granulares localizado en el cuadrante superointerno de mama izquierda, que mostraba signos clínicos, mamográficos y ecográficos sospechosos de malignidad, y se realiza una breve revisión de la bibliografía (AU)

Granular cell tumours arise throughout the body, while these lesions are more frequent in the head and neck area, and exceptionally in the breast (5-8% of all the cases of granular cell tumours). Initially, it was considered as a myoblastoma, but subsequently it was shown as a Schwann cell origin. They are benign tumours that mimic clinically and radiologically a breast carcinoma. We report a case of granular cell tumours located in the upper inner quadrant of the left breast that presented clinical, mammografic and sonographic features suspicious of malignancy, and a brief review of the literature (AU)

Surgical treatment of patients with stenosis of the central airway due to tracheal tumours.

This study retrospectively evaluated bronchoscopic and surgical treatments for patients with central airway stenosis due to tracheal tumours. Seven patients treated by resection and reconstruction of the trachea for tracheal tumours between 1994 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The most common histological finding was thyroid carcinoma (n = 3), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 2), a metastatic thyroid tumour (n = 1), and a benign granular cell tumour (n = 1). Three of the patients required preoperative laser treatment (Nd:YAG) for recanalization. Five patients underwent end-to-end anastomosis for reconstruction. There was no postoperative mortality or morbidity such as anastomotic insufficiency of the reconstructed trachea. Three patients with a microscopic residual tumour required postoperative external radiotherapy. Surgical resection of malignant tracheal tumours is recommended not only for curative purposes, but also for reduction of the risk of smothering.

[A rare case of diminished visual acuity: neurohypophyseal granular cell tumor]. / Une cause rare de diminution de l'acuité visuelle: la tumeur à cellules granuleuses neurohypophysaire.

A neurohypophyseal granular cell tumor was found in a 60-year-old man who presented diminished visual acuity. Neuronavigation resection via a fronto-pteronial approach removed split up material. The diagnosis was established by histology and immunochemical studies. Granulous cell tumors, which are common, are rarely located in the neurohypophysis. Their origin remains a subject of debate, but unlike the other localizations, these tumors in the sellar and/or supra-sellar area are always considered benign. The clinical course depends on the quality of the surgical resection; there is no consensus on appropriate management.

[Granular cell tumours (Abrikossoff's tumour) of the parotid region]. / Tumeur à cellules granuleuses (tumeur d'Abrikossoff) de la loge parotidienne.

BACKGROUND: Granular cell tumour (Abrikossoff's tumour) was first described by Abrikossoff in 1926. These tumours are rare and usually presents as a solitary lesion, located mainly in the subcutaneous tissue of the head and neck, and in the oral cavity (tongue). CASE REPORT: We report a rare case of a granular cell tumor of the parotid gland, in a 55-year old woman, who was referred with a left preauricular mass that had rapidly increased in size over 2 months. There was no cervical lymph adenopathy. RMI demonstrated a solitary lesion of the parotid gland. Surgical resection was performed. CONCLUSION: We discuss the classification, pathophysiology and the treatment of granular cell tumours through a review of the literature.

Granular cell tumor of the neurohypophysis: report of a case with unusual age presentation.

Granular cell tumor (GCT) usually occurs as a solitary, small, nodular tumor and rarely grows to a sufficient size to present symptoms. The tumor is more prevalent in female adults. The authors report a case of an 8-year-old boy with GCT of the neurohypophysis presenting with central precocious puberty. Few cases of symptomatic GCT have been reported in the literature, none of them in a patient in the first decade of life. Clinical picture, histopathological features, and histogenesis of GCT of neurohypophysis are discussed.

Granular cell tumor of the palate: a case report.

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an infrequent benign neoplasm, which Abrikosoff accurately described in 1926. GCT probably has a neural crest cell origin. We present the clinical and imaging findings in a 45-year-old woman with a GCT involving the palate. CT and MR imaging revealed perineural tumor spread along the greater and lesser palatine nerves. We emphasize the peculiarity of the palatine location and the perineural spread of GCTs.

August 2001: Sellar/suprasellar mass in a 59-year-old woman.

The August 2001 COM. Symptomatic granular cell tumors (GCTs) of the neurohypophysis are rare lesions. They are generally regarded as benign neoplasms, although detailed descriptions of the natural course of the tumors are limited to a few cases. We report on a 59-year-old woman with a large GCT of the neurohypophysis and rapid onset of symptoms. Although lacking definitive signs of malignancy, the tumor showed nuclear polymorphism, proliferative activity, evidence of a mutation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 as well as expression of the apoptosis-inhibiting protein bcl-2. These indices may be useful in defining more precisely the clinicopathological prognosis for neurohypophyseal GCTs.

Tumor de células granulares a nivel laríngeo y cutáneo: a propósito de un caso / Larynx and skin granule cells tumor: about a case

Los Tumores de Células Granulares (TCG) son tumores raros que pueden aparecer en cualquier parte del cuerpo con clara predilección por la región de cabeza y cuello. El TCG de laringe es un inusual tumor laríngeo, que constituye aproximadamente un 6-10 per cent de los casos descritos. La hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa puede predisponer a confusión del TCG con el Carcinoma Escamoso. El origen de estos tumores es tema de debate, pero la mayoría de los autores cree que es de origen nervioso. Presentamos 1 casos de este tumor en laringe y revisamos sus características (AU)

Tumor de células granulares maligno de laringe: informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Granular cell neoplasm of the larynx: a case report and literature review

El tumor de células granulares es usualmente benigno que se origina en diferentes sitios anatómicos como son piel, tejido celular subcutáneo y partes blandas del cuerpo. Se ha discutido mucho acerca del origen embriológico y se ha comentado que podría ser muscular; sin embargo, los estudios actuales inclinan la balanza a que el origen celular del tumor de células granulares es neural, lo cual, desde el punto de vista histológico, ha generado confusión con otras neoplasias. El margen de edad en la que se presenta es muy amplio, desde algunos meses de vida hasta la ancianidad. Se han formulado criterios histológicos que ayudan a diferenciar los tumores de células granulares en tres tipos, benigno, atípico y maligno. Esta división es de acuerdo a seis parámetros: necrosis, células tumorales alargadas, núcleo vesicular con gran nucléolo, aumento en el número de mitosis(más de dos por campo de alto poder), radio núcleo citoplasma aumentado, pleomorfismo. Otro aspecto que ayuda a determinar la malignidad de un tumor de células granulares es la presencia o no de metástasis. Se han hecho estudios de inmunohistoquímica para ayudar a diferenciar el estado patológico de estos tumores. La medición de P53, Ki67 y su positividad indica la presencia de tumores más agresivos. La citometría de flujo, midiendo la ploidía celular puede también ayudar a orientar la conducta de estos tumores, aunque no es 100 por ciento seguro. El tumor de células granulares se puede confundir con otras neoplasias que también tienen células granulares como son algunos sarcomas de partes blandas; sin embargo, el principal diagnóstico diferencial es con melanoma maligno y con tumor de la vaina nerviosa periférico maligno, ya que éstos tienen origen neural. Aquí el uso de inmunohistoquímica es esencial para el diagnóstico diferencial. El tumor de células granulares malignas es una neoplasia sumamente rara, sólo han sido publicados 43 casos en todo el mundo. Es aún más rara la presencia de tumores de células granulares malignas de localización laríngea, ya que únicamente existe registrado un caso, publicado en 1958. En este artículo nosotros reportamos el segundo tumor maligno de células granulares de localización laríngea consignado en la literatura mundial, en una mujer de 50 años oriunda de Panamá. El tratamiento de estos tumores es quirúrgico con base en una excisión amplia con márgenes libres dependiendo de su localización. La quimioterapia y radioterapia no juegan ningún papel hasta la fecha

Granular cell tumour in a child's trachea--a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Granular cell tumours (GCT) are uncommon benign neoplasms of neurogenic origin, only rarely occurring in the trachea. This report describes a 12-year-old boy suffering from progressing dyspnea. A GCT, located both intra- and extraluminally in the lower cervical trachea, was diagnosed by CT scan and endoscopy. The airway was secured primarily by a low tracheotomy after institution of a femorofemoral bypass in the face of inadequate oxygenation and secondarily by tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis.