Circulating miR-155, let-7c, miR-21, and PTEN levels in differential diagnosis and prognosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer.

This study investigates whether the circulating miR-155, let-7c, miR-21, and PTEN levels to be used in the differential diagnosis of patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and breast cancer (BC). Forty-five patients with BC, 50 patients with IGM, and 48 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum miR-21 expression was significantly higher in BC (fold change = 2.42) and IGM group (fold change = 1.33) compared to control (p < .001). Serum miR-155 and let-7c expression levels were significantly lower in both groups compared to the control group (p < .001). miR-21 expression in BC was significantly higher than IGM (fold change = 1.976; p < .001). PTEN levels in BC were significantly higher than IGM (p < .001) and significantly lower than the control group (p < .001); the IGM group was significantly lower than the control group (p < .001). In addition to radiological data, serum miR-21 and PTEN levels may be noninvasive biomarkers that can help differentiate IGM from BC. The results of the study will lead to future studies in the differential diagnosis of IGM and BC.

The clinical value of interleukins-8, -10, and -17 in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, chronic inflammatory benign breast disease. Although the etiology of this disease is unknown, it has been suggested that hormonal disorders, autoimmunity, smoking, and α1-antitrypsin deficiency may play a role in the etiopathogenesis. The aim is to investigate the changes in cytokine profiles including interleukin (IL)-4, -8, -10, -17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in patients with IGM. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed IGM and 30 healthy women were included. The cytokines including IL-4, -8, 10, -17, and TNF-alpha were measured by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher in IGM patients than control group (p = .002; p = .008; and p = .018, respectively). The IL-8 levels of patients with active lesions and in remission were statistically higher than the control group (p = .027 and p = .015, respectively). IL-10 levels of patients in remission were higher than the control group (p = .024). There was no difference in IL-4 and TNF-ɑ levels between all groups. CONCLUSION: These results showed that proinflammatory cytokines including IL-8 and IL-17 have role in pathogenesis of IGM. However, the increased levels of IL-10 in especially patients in remission suggest that it reduces the release of proinflamatory cytokines as well as suppressing their function and activation for controlling IGM. Although IGM is thought to be a surgical disease, these cytokine changes indicate the presence of serious immune dysregulation. This suggests that in the treatment of IGM, treatment needs to evolve from surgery to medical treatment.Key points• The IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher in IGM patients than in control group.• The IL-8 levels of both patients with active lesions and in remission were high.• There was no difference in IL-4 and TNF-ɑ levels between all groups.

[Granulomatous lobular mastitis: a clinicopathological analysis of 300 cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and possible causes of granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM). Methods: Three hundred cases of GLM were collected from surgical specimens diagnosed at Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to November 2017. Morphologic features were reviewed using HE staining. A total of 116 cases were investigated by Gram staining. The expression of CD3, CD20, CD68, IgG, IgG4, CD38 and CD138 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The age of the patients was 23 to 47 years and the median age was 32 years. All patients were female, 96.7% (290/300) had a history of lactation.There were 143 cases of left breasts, 138 cases of right breast and 19 cases of bilateral breasts. Serum prolactin increased in 39.7%(119/300) patients. Within 15.7%(47/300) of patients were associated with nodular erythema or joint swelling and pain of the lower extremities. Pathological observation showed that lobular-centric suppurative granulomatous inflammation, accompanied by dilatation of intralobular and interlobular ducts. There were 16 cases accompanied with duct ectasia. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3-positive lymphocytes were more than CD20-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral aggregation zone of neutrophils within granulomatous lesions. Gram positive bacteria were found in the lipid vacuoles of the 51.7%(60/116) patients. Conclusions: GLM has distinctive histologic features. It may be related to corynebacterium infection, or accompanied by the increase of serum prolactin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The age, location and history of the disease are importance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Human leukocyte antigens class I and II in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.

BACKGROUND: To determine the distribution of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). METHODS: The study included 48 patients diagnosed with IGM and 50 controls consisting of healthy donor candidates. RESULTS: The frequencies of HLA-A*10, HLA-A*2403, HLA-B*18 and HLA-DR*17 antigens were significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p = 0.012, p = 0.012, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.005, respectively). However, the frequencies of HLA-A*29, HLA-B*14 and HLA-DR*1 were lower in the patient group than control group (p = 0.027, p = 0.013 and p = 0.015, respectively). When patients without/with relapse were compared, there was a significant difference in HLA-A*3 (p = 0.048) and HLA-A*32 (p = 0.011). Also, the patients with relapse and control group were compared in respects of HLA-A*10 (p = 0.0006), HLA-A*24 (p = 0.035), HLA-A*32 (p = 0.011), HLA-B*18 (p = 0.035), HLA-B*103 (p = 0.035) and HLA-DR*17 (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: These findings may help to explain etiopathogenesis but still, further studies on this subject with more patients in different geographic regions are needed.

The Role of Interleukin-33 as an Inflammatory Marker in Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis and Breast Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign inflammatory breast disease that can clinically and radiographically mimic breast carcinoma and bacterial mastitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of levels of the inflammation markers, interleukin-33 (IL-33), soluble ST2 receptor of IL-33 (sST2), procalcitonin (PCT), and CRP on differential diagnosis of IGM and breast cancer (BC). METHODS: 25 patients with IGM and 32 patients with primary BC who applied to General Surgery Clinic, and 30 healthy volunteer women with similar demographic condition were enrolled in the study. While the IL-33, sST2, and PCT levels were measured with ELISA method, other biochemical parameters were studied with autoanalyzer. RESULTS: IL-33, sST2 levels were significantly higher in both BC and IGM groups than in control (p < 0.001). More importantly, the IL-33 levels of IGM group were found to be significantly higher when compared to the group with BC (p < 0.001). Accordingly the sST2 levels of the patients with IGM were significantly lower than the patients with BC (p < 0.001). There was no statistical significance between PCT levels BC and IGM groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that measurement of IL-33 and its receptor sST2 levels, alongside radiological studies can help distinguishing IGM from BC. Findings of our study need to be supported with additional studies.