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1.
J Perioper Pract ; 27(11): 268, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29328798

ABSTRACT

Over many centuries, wounds of the heart were thought to be fatal. With the introduction of first anaesthesia and then antiseptic surgery in the second half of the 19th century, there was an explosion in surgery; the abdominal cavity, the chest, the skull were explored and operated upon and yet the heart was considered to be a 'no go' region of the body. One of the greatest and most innovative surgeons of that time, Theodor Billroth of Vienna, who must be considered one of the fathers of modern surgery, with pioneering work on many parts of the body, wrote: 'The surgeon who attempts to suture a wound of the heart should lose the respect of his colleagues'.


Subject(s)
General Surgery/history , Heart Injuries/surgery , Anesthesia , Anesthesiology , Heart Injuries/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Sutures , Writing
2.
J Perioper Pract ; 25(7-8): 144, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26309960

ABSTRACT

Over many centuries, from the early writings of Galen, 'the father of Medicine', wounds of the heart were considered fatal and outside the remit of surgery. With the advent of anaesthesia, (ether was introduced by William Morton in 1846) and of antiseptic surgery, (Joseph Lister's first publication was in 1867), there was an explosion in the surgery of the abdominal cavity, the chest, the skull and the limbs, yet the heart was considered by the surgical fraternity to be the 'no-go' area of the body. Theodor Billroth, Professor of Surgery in Vienna and himself a pioneer of modern surgery, (he performed the first successful partial gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach in 1881), wrote "the surgeon who would attempt to suture a wound of the heart should lose the respect of his colleagues". In London, Stephen Paget, in 1896, wrote: "No new method and no new discovery can overcome the natural difficulties that attend a wound of the heart. It is true that suture has been vaguely proposed as a possible procedure and has been done in animals but I cannot find that it has ever been attempted in practice". (In fact, the heart is an amazingly tough and efficient pump that goes on working, year after year, without ever stopping for a service!).


Subject(s)
Heart Injuries/history , Heart Injuries/surgery , Suture Techniques/history , Thoracic Surgical Procedures/history , Wounds, Stab/history , Wounds, Stab/surgery , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Male , Sutures/history
3.
J Forensic Leg Med ; 19(3): 113-6, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22390994

ABSTRACT

The crucifixion of Jesus is arguably the most well-known and controversial execution in history. Christian faithful, dating back to the time of Jesus, have believed that Jesus was executed by crucifixion and later returned physically to life again. Others have questioned whether Jesus actually died by crucifixion, at all. From review of medical literature, physicians have failed to agree on a specific mechanism of Jesus' death. A search of Medline/Pubmed was completed with respect to crucifixion, related topics, and proposed mechanisms of Jesus' death. Several hypotheses for the mechanism of Jesus' death have been presented in medical literature, including 1) Pulmonary embolism 2) Cardiac rupture 3) Suspension trauma 4) Asphyxiation 5) Fatal stab wound, and 6) Shock. Each proposed mechanism of Jesus' death will be reviewed. The events of Jesus' execution are described, as they are pertinent to development of shock. Traumatic shock complicated by trauma-induced coagulopathy is proposed as a contributing factor, and possibly the primary mechanism, of Jesus' death by crucifixion.


Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Disorders/history , Capital Punishment/history , Christianity/history , Famous Persons , Shock, Traumatic/history , Asphyxia/history , Contusions/history , Forensic Medicine , Heart Injuries/history , Heart Rupture/history , History, Ancient , Humans , Immobilization , Pulmonary Embolism/history , Torture/history , Wounds, Stab/history
4.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 92(5): 1926-31, 2011 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22051302

ABSTRACT

The beginnings of cardiac surgery go back to the 19th century. This article describes the history of the first attempts to operate on the heart. In 1882, Dr Block from Danzig, and in 1895, Simplicio Del Vecchio, published reports of animal experiments showing that the suturing of heart wounds is possible. After unsuccessful attempts by Axel Cappelen in Norway and Guido Farina in Italy, it was Ludwig Rehn of Germany who first sutured a laceration of the right ventricle of a human heart. Shortly afterward, Antonio Parrozzani successfully sutured a stab wound of the left ventricle. Following cardiac surgery back to its very beginnings, it is striking that the first attempts in the 19th century to repair the injured heart were regarded with great skepticism, and that heart suturing only slowly became an established method of treatment. Once the concept of cardiac surgery had become accepted, however, many kinds of operations were developed, paving the way for an explosion in the number of cardiac operations, as we well know, in the century that followed.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/history , Heart Injuries/surgery , Suture Techniques/history , Thoracic Surgery/history , Wounds, Penetrating/history , Heart Injuries/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery
8.
Am J Cardiol ; 102(9): 1278-80, 2008 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18949866

ABSTRACT

On September 10, 1898, Empress Elizabeth of Austria, known as Sissi, was stabbed with a stiletto knife in her chest by an Italian anarchist in Geneva, Switzerland, and died 1 hour later. The autopsy revealed a large clot in the pericardial sac due to a perforation of the left ventricular wall, and the report concluded, "Death was undoubtedly caused by a progressive and slow blood leak, sufficient to compress the heart and to suspend its functions." Since antiquity, wounds of the heart had been considered immediately fatal, until Paré observed a delayed death after a stab to the heart in the 16th century. The physiology of cardiac tamponade was then elucidated by Richard Lower in 1669. However, it was only in the 19th century that the main clinical features of cardiac tamponade were described and the first treatments attempted. Kussmaul identified its most important clinical hallmark, pulsus paradoxus, in 1873 and the term "tamponade of the heart" was coined for the first time by Rose in 1884. Romero and Larrey pioneered the open drainage of the pericardium early in the century, and Rehn performed the first successful surgical suture of a heart wound in 1896. In conclusion, logistics aside, medical knowledge at the end of the 19th century would have been theoretically sufficient to save the empress from death.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Tamponade/history , Cardiac Tamponade/etiology , Cardiac Tamponade/therapy , Female , Heart Injuries/complications , Heart Injuries/history , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Male , Pericardial Effusion/complications , Pericardial Effusion/history , Wounds, Stab/complications , Wounds, Stab/history
17.
Bull Acad Natl Med ; 184(3): 651-8; discussion 658-9, 2000.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10989559

ABSTRACT

On the event of the centennial of the first wound of the left ventricule cured by suture, the author recalls the conditions under which Jules Fontan, surgeon of the Navy, obtained this memorable success. He recalls the first observation and analysed the obstacles which this surgeon had to overcome to finally open the era of surgical treatment of heart wounds caused by knife fights. A comparative study of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches implemented one hundred years later highlights the advances made in the area of heart wound surgery and also in planned heart surgery for which the 20th century will remain of all achievements.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/history , Heart Injuries/history , France , Heart Injuries/surgery , History, 19th Century , Wounds, Stab/history , Wounds, Stab/surgery
18.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(1): 64-79, ene. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3697

ABSTRACT

Las lesiones cardíacas penetrantes representan una de las mayores causas de muerte por motivo de la violencia urbana. La mejora de los sistemas de urgencias en los últimos años, junto con la aplicación del principio Scoop and Run son responsables de que muchos de estos pacientes lleguen in extremis a los centros urbanos de trauma. Se ha acumulado una gran experiencia en el tratamiento de estas lesiones desde los primeros intentos de reparación de heridas cardíacas por parte de Cappelen, Farina, Rehn y Hill. La mejora y el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas originales descritas por Beck han llevado a la aparición de numerosos artículos en la bibliografía que describen el tratamiento de dichas lesiones. El conocimiento de que una intervención rápida mejora los resultados nos conduce a la era de la toracotomía en el departamento de urgencias, la vanguardia en los cuidados del trauma, ofreciendo a muchos de estos pacientes la posibilidad de sobrevivir, algo que de otra manera no ocurriría. Se han descrito distintas técnicas de reparación de heridas auriculares y ventriculares, que están en continua revisión. Cada vez más, el empleo de biomateriales como el Teflón adquiere un papel más relevante en la bibliografía, aun a sabiendas de que no existen pruebas de que estas prótesis mejoren la curación y los resultados de las lesiones cardíacas. En las dos últimas décadas, aproximadamente, en la bibliografía inglesa se han descrito unas 30 series de pacientes con heridas cardíacas penetrantes. El análisis de estas series revela que la mayoría de las mismas se componen de estudios retrospectivos y que algunos datos proceden de centros que tratan unos 15 casos de lesiones cardíacas cada año y, además, muchos de estos datos son recopilatorios. Los altos porcentajes de supervivencia que aparecen en artículos recientes tienden a crear una impresión errónea de que la mortalidad por lesiones cardíacas ha disminuido significativamente, cuando esto no es así. En una revisión reciente de la bibliografía desde 1951 a 1986, la mortalidad media por heridas de arma blanca cardíacas era del 16,3 por ciento y por heridas por arma de fuego, en el mismo período de tiempo, del 36 por ciento. Coincidimos en el porcentaje referido para las heridas de arma blanca, pero creemos que la mortalidad comunicada para las heridas por arma de fuego es significativamente baja. Un porcentaje de mortalidad más aceptable fluctuaría entre el 70 y el 80 por ciento de estas lesiones. Creemos que están apareciendo en el horizonte nuevas áreas de investigación, áreas como el impacto de la resucitación prehospitalaria y el tiempo de transporte, así como la posibilidad de la intubación prehospitalaria, que han mejorado los resultados. El uso de la ventana pericárdica subxifoidea en comparación con la nueva modalidad de ecocardiografía 2-D debe ser investigado científica y prospectivamente antes de su abandono prematuro. El papel de la toracotomía en el departamento de urgencias ha sido recientemente cuestionado por algunos autores que opinan que dicha técnica debería desempeñar un papel menos importante en el tratamiento de las lesiones cardíacas. Estos autores citan la ausencia de signos vitales como una contraindicación absoluta para la realización de dicho procedimiento, por la posibilidad potencial de contagio de enfermedades como el sida, y porque el coste del procedimiento no se corresponde con el porcentaje de vidas salvadas. Quizás el desarrollo de estudios científicos prospectivos, como los llevados a cabo por nuestro grupo, aportaría una mejor definición de cuáles son las formas más adecuadas de tratamiento de estas lesiones para establecer un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento correcto. Más importante todavía es el análisis estadístico de los factores que influyen en la resucitación inicial de los pacientes con heridas cardíacas. La inclusión de elementos cardiovasculares y respiratorios en los sistemas de puntuación del trauma puede establecer una mejor predicción y, por tanto, una forma más acertada de selección de pacientes subsidiarios de procedimientos agresivos de resucitación, incluyendo la toracotomía en el departamento de urgencias y la cardiorrafia. La probabilidad de éxito en estos procedimientos de resucitación está significativamente relacionada con el mecanismo del trauma, así como con el estado fisiológico del paciente cuando llega al departamento de urgencias.En resumen, deben investigarse científicamente muchos principios y deben identificarse mejores factores de predicción de resultados para excluir a los pacientes que no se beneficiarían de la utilización de estas medidas de resucitación agresiva y diferenciarlos de otros pacientes cuya supervivencia mejoraría significativamente (AU)


Subject(s)
History of Medicine , Cardiac Tamponade/history , Cardiac Tamponade/mortality , Ultrasonography/trends , Heart Injuries/history , Heart Injuries/surgery , Heart Injuries/mortality , Thoracotomy/history , Thoracotomy/mortality
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