ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of 21 cases of intraoral pleomorphic adenoma (PA), with emphasis on histopathological findings. Between 2000 and 2016, all patients diagnosed as intraoral PA were retrieved and histopathological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. All tumors were classified histologically according to Seifert et al (1980). The clinical and histopathological variables were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test, considering a significance level of 5% (P < .05). Plasmacytoid (85.7%), spindle (38.1%), and epithelioid (9.5%) myoepithelial cells were observed. Oncocytic (47.6%) and mucous (19%) cells were also found. The stroma was predominantly fibrous (95.2%), followed by myxoid (66.7%), hyaline (61.9%), and chondromyxoid (33.3%). Squamous (57.1%), adipose (47.6%), sebaceous (14.3%), and bone (14.3%) differentiations were found. Additionally, a group of tumors presented pleomorphism (23.8%), mitoses (14.3%), capsule infiltration (9.5%), and necrosis. The presence of cystic structures occurred significantly in patients older than 30 years (P = .04) and mitoses were more observed in PA from buccal mucosa (P = .026). All cases that presented plasmacytoid cells were smaller than 1.5 cm (P = .015). All tumors with up to 50% stroma area presented with size smaller than 2.0 cm (P = .013). Intraoral PA presents a large morphological spectrum and several microscopic features are associated with clinical findings.
Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Coloring Agents/chemistry , Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/chemistry , Female , Hematoxylin/chemistry , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Salivary Glands, Minor/pathology , Staining and Labeling/methods , Young AdultABSTRACT
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes and RNA-processing enzymes are attractive targets for antibiotic development owing to their central roles in microbial physiology. For many of these complexes, comprehensive strategies to identify inhibitors are either lacking or suffer from substantial technical limitations. Here, we describe an activity-binding-structure platform for bacterial ribonuclease P (RNase P), an essential RNP ribozyme involved in 5' tRNA processing. A novel, real-time fluorescence-based assay was used to monitor RNase P activity and rapidly identify inhibitors using a mini-helix and a pre-tRNA-like bipartite substrate. Using the mini-helix substrate, we screened a library comprising 2560 compounds. Initial hits were then validated using pre-tRNA and the pre-tRNA-like substrate, which ultimately verified four compounds as inhibitors. Biolayer interferometry-based binding assays and molecular dynamics simulations were then used to characterize the interactions between each validated inhibitor and the P protein, P RNA and pre-tRNA. X-ray crystallographic studies subsequently elucidated the structure of the P protein bound to the most promising hit, purpurin, and revealed how this inhibitor adversely affects tRNA 5' leader binding. This integrated platform affords improved structure-function studies of RNA processing enzymes and facilitates the discovery of novel regulators or inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Anthraquinones/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Ribonuclease P/antagonists & inhibitors , Anthraquinones/chemistry , Anthraquinones/metabolism , Binding Sites , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Fluorescent Dyes , Fluorometry , Hematoxylin/analogs & derivatives , Hematoxylin/chemistry , Hematoxylin/metabolism , Hematoxylin/pharmacology , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , RNA Precursors/metabolism , RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional , RNA, Transfer/metabolism , Ribonuclease P/chemistry , Ribonuclease P/metabolism , Small Molecule LibrariesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To validate the ecological modification of the Papanicolaou stain (Eco-Pap) for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was performed at the Mother and Child "San Bartolomé" Hospital, Lima, Peru. Reagent handling strategies were divided into three phases: we used (1) Harris progressive hematoxylin (for nuclear staining), (2) a polychromatic solution (a mix of EA-36/Orange G-6 to suppress the use of several alcohol baths), and (3) direct mounting (with Entellan® solution). The cellular details were analyzed by the staining quality index, an external quality control, and the Bethesda System 2014. RESULTS: We evaluated 72,901 cervical smears stained with the Eco-Pap. The validation of the Eco-Pap against the conventional Pap stain was optimal (κ = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87-0.92), showing a sensibility and specificity of 88.3% (95% CI: 85.1-90.0) and 98.7% (95% CI: 98-99.2), respectively. The Eco-Pap dramatically reduced the environmental pollution caused by 72 L of xylene, hydrochloric acid, and ammonia (6 L each) and mercury oxide. CONCLUSION: The Eco-Pap is an innovative and efficient staining method reducing the use of toxic reagents with carcinogenic potential during cervical cancer screening by exfoliative cytology.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Medical Waste Disposal , Papanicolaou Test/methods , Staining and Labeling/methods , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Smears , Ammonia/adverse effects , Azo Compounds/chemistry , Coloring Agents/chemistry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Female , Hematoxylin/chemistry , Humans , Hydrochloric Acid/adverse effects , Mercury Compounds/adverse effects , Oxides/adverse effects , Papanicolaou Test/adverse effects , Peru , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Xylenes/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare disease whose origin is still unknown and shows an increase in its frequency. Morphological, microbiological, and molecular biology studies have linked this disease to lipophilic and fastidious corynebacteria, suggesting its possible infectious etiology. This series describes and reviews in detail the distinctive morphological characteristics of the bacteria present in the granulomas of this disease, the usefulness of histochemical techniques for their identification, and our proposal for a tissue quantification score for the bacteria. The MacCallum-Goodpasture method of Gram's stain turned out to be the gold standard for examination, but we also highlight the efficiency of hematoxylin and eosin stain when it is exhaustively examined as well as the Grocott stain to evaluate the bacterial pleomorphism method, which is often underutilized.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetales Infections/diagnosis , Actinomycetales/isolation & purification , Breast/pathology , Granulomatous Mastitis/diagnosis , Actinomycetales Infections/microbiology , Actinomycetales Infections/pathology , Adult , Aged , Biopsy , Breast/microbiology , Coloring Agents/chemistry , Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/chemistry , Female , Gentian Violet , Granulomatous Mastitis/microbiology , Granulomatous Mastitis/pathology , Hematoxylin/chemistry , Humans , Middle Aged , Phenazines , Young AdultABSTRACT
Destruction of dental tissue and supporting structures is usually microscopically assessed by routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections. This short communication is concerned with the potential role of fluorescence microscopy of HE-stained sections to study morphological aspects of intact and pathological teeth in dental research. This methodology improves the visualization of the anatomical structures of the intact teeth, especially anatomical features and periodontal ligament spatial distribution. This technique also improves the visualization of the root and bone resorption and the delineation of the periapical lesion extension. The fluorescence microscopy technique of HE-stained sections is an easy, reliable and inexpensive method that seems to be a useful tool for evaluating morphological aspects of intact and pathological teeth in dental research.