Hematospermia Evaluation at MR Imaging.

Hematospermia is a challenging and anxiety-provoking condition that can manifest as a single episode or recur over the course of weeks to months. It is usually a benign self-limiting condition in younger sexually active males without a history of risk factors such as cancer, urogenital malformations, bleeding disorders, and their associated symptoms. However, patients with recurrent, refractory and painful hematospermia with associated symptoms, such as fever, pain, or weight loss, require evaluation through clinical assessment and noninvasive investigations to rule out underlying pathologic conditions such as ejaculatory obstruction, infectious and inflammatory causes, malignancy, vascular malformations, and systemic disorders that increase the risk of bleeding, especially when presenting in older men. If these investigations are negative, the patient should be reassured and treated accordingly. In the recent past, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has assumed a major role in the investigation of hematospermia due to its excellent soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities. In this review, we will discuss the potential causes of hematospermia and its diagnostic workup, including pathophysiology, anatomic considerations, the imaging appearance of associated pathologic conditions, and management. (©)RSNA, 2016.

The effect of two levels of hemospermia on stallion fertility.

Hemospermia can occur consistently or intermittently in stallion ejaculates and may cause a reduction in the fertility of the affected ejaculate. It is unknown what amount of blood in an ejaculate leads to subfertility. This study investigated the effect of higher and lower levels of hemospermia (50% and 5%, respectively) on fertility using 24 reproductively normal mares inseminated over three consecutive estrous cycles with fresh extended semen. Mares inseminated with a 5% blood-contaminated ejaculate became pregnant at the same rate (75% per cycle; 18 of 24) as the mares inseminated with blood-free (control) semen (75% per cycle; 18 of 24). The ejaculates containing 50% blood were sterile (0% per cycle, 0 of 24). We concluded that it is the amount of blood, not the mere presence of blood, in an ejaculate that impacts fertility.

Hematospermia: a propósito de un caso / Haemospermia: presentation of a case

La hematospermia o hemospermia es un síntoma muy inquietante en la población masculina, pero que puede ser manejado en muchos casos por los profesionales de atención primaria. Porque no es una demanda habitual en consulta, requiere de conocimiento epidemiológico y un juicio clínico adecuado para poder enfocar correctamente cada caso y transmitir seguridad a nuestros pacientes. La anamnesis es la parte más importante de nuestra intervención, porque respondiendo a 3 cuestiones como la edad, la duración del sangrado y la aparición de síntomas o factores de riesgo asociados, podremos orientar el caso. Es en el diagnóstico donde más se ha avanzado en los últimos años, llegando a conocer la causa de la hematospermia en la mayoría de los casos (AU)

Haematospermia or haemospermia is a worrying symptom in the male population, but can be managed in many cases by primary care providers. As it is not often seen in clinics, it requires epidemiological knowledge and an appropriate clinical judgement to focus correctly on each case and to ensure the safety of our patients. The clinical history is the most important part of our intervention, and answering three questions, such as age, duration of bleeding and symptoms or risk factors may help in the diagnosis. More progress has been made in its diagnosis in recent years, due to determining the cause of the haematospermia in most cases (AU)