Subject(s)
Ganglionic Blockers/antagonists & inhibitors , Hexamethonium Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors , Tetramisole/pharmacology , Animals , Atropine/toxicity , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Diphenhydramine/toxicity , Dogs , Female , Hexamethonium , Hexamethonium Compounds/toxicity , Male , Morphine/toxicity , Rats , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Anticholinesterasic and depolarizing (analogues of acetylcholine) agents administered to quail embryos after 3 days of incubation give rise to vertebral fusions in addition to neck deformities. Antagonists of acetylcholine (gallamine and hexamethonium) produce only vertebral joint fusions. The incidence of all these compounds in the vertebral defects by the way of there neuroactive properties is proposed.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity , Quail/embryology , Teratogens , Animals , Gallamine Triethiodide/toxicity , Hexamethonium Compounds/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Organophosphorus Compounds , Physostigmine/toxicityABSTRACT
Adverse drug reactions involving different organs, including the lung, are numerous; much more numerous, however, are the offending drugs. According to the results of the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, adverse reactions occur in about 6% of all drug exposures and 28% of all patients. Drug-induced lung diseases may present as bronchial reactions (e.g. bronchial asthma), diseases of the parenchyma (e.g. pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, diffuse fibrosing alveolitis), of the pulmonary vasculature (vasculitis) and of the pleura (e.g. pleurisy or pleural fibrosis). Pathogenetically the two most pertinent types of reaction are hypersensitivity or toxic reactions, and less often biologic reactions such as opportunistic infections after cytotoxic and immunosuppressive therapy. Many drug-induced respiratory diseases are reversible upon withdrawal of the offending agent; others may be irreversibly or even progress.
