ABSTRACT
Na ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985) ocorreu uma violação sistemá-tica de Direitos Humanos por parte do Estado, o que impôs à sociedade medo e silenciamento. Pessoas vítimas dessas violências não tiveram espaço social que legitimasse a realidade e o sofrimento de suas vivências. Em 2012, foi lançado o projeto Clínicas do Testemunho, iniciando um trabalho de reparação psíquica dessas vítimas. Estudando as especificidades do trauma de violência de Estado e tortura política e apresentando os conceitos de espaço potencial e de testemunho, o objetivo do artigo é estabelecer um diálogo entre esses conceitos e o trabalho realizado pelas Clínicas do Testemunho, para compreender como esta reparação psíquica pode se dar na prática. Trata-se de um estudo teórico fundamentado na Psicanálise. Conclui-se que o testemunho é uma ferramenta potente para se trabalhar o traumático. Discutir o tema é um posicionamento político, de resgate da história, memória e verdade.
En la dictadura militar brasileña (1964-1985), hubo violación sistemática de los Derechos Humanos por parte del Estado, que impuso miedo y silencio a la sociedad. Las personas víctimas de esta violencia no tenían un espacio social que legitimara la realidad y el sufrimiento de sus experiencias. En 2012, se lanzó el proyecto Clínicas del Testimonio, comenzando un trabajo de repa-ración psíquica de esas víctimas. Al estudiar las especificidades del trauma de la violencia del Estado e de la tortura política, y los conceptos de espacio potencial y testimonio, el objetivo de este artigo es dialogar eses conceptos con el trabajo echo por las Clínicas de Testimonio, para comprender cómo se podría practicar esta reparación psíquica. Es un estudio teórico basado en el Psicoanálisis. Se concluye que el testimonio es una herramienta potente para trabajar el traumático. Discutir el tema es una posición política, rescate de la historia, memoria y verdad.
During the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985), Human Rights were systematically violated by the State, inflicting fear and silence on the country's citizens. Victims of violence did not have a social space that legi-timized the reality and suffering of their experiences. In 2012, the project Clinicas do Testemunho, (Testimony Clinic) was launched, working with the psychological reparation of these victims. Studying the specificities of State violence trauma and political torture, and also the concepts of Potential Space and testimony, this article aims to establish a dialogue between these concepts and the work developed by the Clinicas do Testemunho to understand how this work could take place in practice. This is a theoretical study based on Psychoanalysis that concludes that the testimony of those who witnessed it all is a powerful tool to work with trauma. Discussing the topic is also political, reclaiming history, memory, and truth.
Subject(s)
Politics , Psychoanalysis , Social Problems/history , Violence , Brazil , State , Torture , Historical Trauma/psychology , Historical Trauma/rehabilitation , Human Rights , Memory , Military PersonnelABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In this report, we used a qualitative descriptive design to explore young African American adults' intergenerationally influenced strategies to experienced racial discrimination. METHODS: The study was guided by a qualitative descriptive design using criterion and snowball sampling, and semi-structured interview questions. We also explored, quantitatively, gender differences among the racial discrimination experiences encountered and the strategies used. FINDINGS: Forty-nine participants included in this report were an average age of 29.5 (SD = 10.1). Racial discrimination experiences included daily microaggressions such as insensitive comments, stereotyping, exclusion from work and school activities, perceived low expectations, inequities in employment, and police profiling. Intergenerationally influenced strategies used in response to these experiences included religious beliefs and practices, positive reframing, and modeling behaviors used by previous generations. These intergenerationally influenced strategies enabled participants to remain calm, to express goodwill toward others, and to be patient and hopeful for a better future. CONCLUSION: Since intergenerationally influenced strategies are likely potential sources of strength and resilience for young African Americans, knowledge of these strategies might be useful to health care practitioners seeking to improve the mental health care of this population.
