Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

A 7-year-old castrated male ferret developed unilateral cervical lymphadenomegaly over a 1-month period. Histological examination revealed proliferation of tumor cells in a diffuse and partially nodular pattern. The tumor cells were predominantly Hodgkin cells and binucleated Reed-Sternberg cells, characterized by abundant, clear, vacuolated cytoplasm, pleomorphic, ovoid nuclei with thick nuclear membranes and distinct nucleoli. Multinucleated cells, resembling lymphocytic and histiocytic (L&H) cells, were also observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed Pax-5, BLA-36 and vimentin. A small population of the tumor cells expressed CD20. This case showed proliferation of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in conjunction with L&H cells that were histologically analogous to feline Hodgkin's-like lymphoma. However, Pax-5 and BLA-36 expression along with rare CD20 expression were consistent with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans.

Primary cerebellar lymphoma with Hodgkin lymphoma-like morphology in a cat.

A 4-y-old cat exhibited neurologic signs such as wobbling, right head tilt, and intention tremor, and MRI revealed a mass in the cerebellum. The cat died 5 mo after initial presentation, and no neoplastic lesions, other than the cerebellar mass, were observed at autopsy. Histologically, large atypical cells resembling Hodgkin cells, with single large inclusion-like nucleoli, and those resembling Reed-Sternberg cells, with symmetrically arranged nuclei, had infiltrated the left side of the cerebellum and were admixed with small lymphocytes. These atypical cells were positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV), CD20, BLA36, vimentin, p16, p53, and Pax5, and negative for CD3, CD79a, and Iba1 by immunohistochemistry. Multiplex PCR for immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement revealed monoclonal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. We describe this feline primary cerebellar B-cell lymphoma that displayed Hodgkin lymphoma-like tumor cells with FeLV protein expression.

What is your diagnosis? Cervical mass in a cat.

An 8-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for several months of weight loss, decreased appetite, and 2 bilateral, ventral cervical masses. Initial cytologic samples were interpreted as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Evaluation of subsequent mass aspirates revealed small numbers of large binucleated and multinucleated cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells admixed with more numerous small and intermediate-sized lymphocytes. In histopathologic sections, the normal architecture of the lymph node was largely effaced by a slightly heterogeneous mass composed of round cells arranged in densely cellular sheets with a minor population of large (25-microm diameter) mononuclear cells and a few very large (30-40-microm diameter) binucleated or multinucleated cells interpreted as Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Immunohistochemically, the large neoplastic (Reed-Sternberg-like) cells were negative for CD18, CD3, CD20, and CD79a while the background population consisted of about 70% T cells and 30% B cells. This pattern of immunohistochemical staining along with cytologic and histopathologic findings supported a diagnosis of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma, specifically, the lymphocyte-rich subtype. Hodgkin's-like lymphoma has been reported previously in cats and should be suspected when Reed-Sternberg-like cells are observed in cytologic preparations of lymph node aspirates. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

The influence of procarbazine and thiocyanate on embryonic bone maturation

The substance procarbazine (Natulan®) is a teratogen known to induce cleft palates in rats on day 14 post-conception. The application of thiocyanate (SCN-) alone to rats on day 10 and 14 of pregnancy had no effects on fetal bone maturation. However, when procarbazine was used, the maturation and growth of fetal bones was delayed. Upon additional application of thiocyanate, the effects of procarbazine (Natulan) were increased. Thus, no antiteratogenic effect of thiocyanate occurs. We propose that charge and metabolites of teratogenic agents play a key role in developing the effects of thiocyanate (AU)

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Feline Hodgkin's-like lymphoma: 20 cases (1992-1999).

We identified 20 cases of feline lymphadenopathy that conform to many clinical and histologic manifestations of human Hodgkin's disease. Histologic subtypes encountered included lymphocyte predominance (nine cases), mixed cellularity (nine cases), and nodular sclerosis (two cases). Two cases were not easily classified; fibrous bands were present, but the absence of nodules supported a subclassification of mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissues using antibodies against the pan T-cell antigen CD3, the human B-lymphocyte antigen 36 (BLA.36), the pan B-lymphocyte and plasma cell marker CD79a, and a myeloid antigen (MAC387) confirmed the phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor. Classic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and mononuclear, multinucleate, and lacunar cell variants did not stain with any of the antibodies used. In contrast, lymphohistiocytic RS variants (L+H cells) reacted positively to BLA.36 and CD79a B-cell markers. Eighteen of 20 affected cats were > or = 6 years of age (range, 1-14 years). A sex predilection could not be identified. These findings support the existence of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in the cat. Proper identification of this disease in the cat will enable further characterization of clinical features and biologic behavior to determine whether there are significant differences in the treatment and prognosis of feline Hodgkin's-like lymphoma compared with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome with Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in a ferret.

Hodgkin's-like lymphoma involving the lung, mediastinum, liver, kidneys and mesenteric lymph nodes was diagnosed in a ferret. The diagnosis was based on the presence of an admixture of CD3+ small lymphocytes with smaller numbers of macrophages, eosinophils, and large, pleomorphic, frequently multinucleated, Reed-Sternberg-like cells which were immunoreactive to BLA.36 monoclonal antibody. In addition, the liver, pancreas, small intestine and lungs were infiltrated with moderate to large numbers of eosinophils, forming eosinophilic granulomas with occasional deposition of Splendore-Hoeppli material, supporting a diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome. The concurrent diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome and Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in this ferret provides further support to the concept that, in animals, multisystemic eosinophilic infiltrates may be caused by the abnormal proliferation of T lymphocytes, as has been demonstrated in man.

Clinicopathological and immunological characteristics of six cats with granular lymphocyte tumors.

Clinical and immunological characteristics were investigated in six cases of feline granular lymphocyte (GL) tumor. The ages of the affected cats were relatively old, ranging from 4 to 13 years of age. Gastrointestinal signs were commonly observed in these cases. Only one of the six GL tumor cases was positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the GL tumor cells from all of the six cases lacked the T- or B-cell markers. These GL tumor cells were examined by Southern blot analysis using feline immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene probes. GL tumor cells obtained from two cases were identified as cells of T-cell lineage by the presence of a rearranged TCR beta gene, whereas those from the other four cases were considered to be derived from non-T- non-B-cell lineage because of the absence of rearrangement of these genes. These findings indicated that feline GL tumors can be considered as a specific disease entity in feline lymphomas because the cases examined in this study showed onset at an older age, a low incidence of FeLV infection and frequent involvement of gastrointestinal lesions, which are not found in typical FeLV-associated lymphomas. Although no specific phenotypes was observed by phenotypic analysis, the feline GL tumor cells were divided into two consistent genotypes of T-cell or non-T- non-B-cell lineages.

Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in a dog.

This is the first reported case of canine Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in Japan. Tumor growth involved the lymph nodes and multiple visceral organs. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor consisted of a large number of typical Reed-Sternberg cells with symmetrically arranged nuclei, the so-called "mirror-image" cells, intermingled with various numbers of inflammatory cells and globule leucocytes.

Hodgkin's disease in a killer whale (Orcinus orca).

Hodgkin's disease (HD) is reported in a killer whale (Orcinus orca). Generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were noted at necropsy and histopathological examination revealed diffuse proliferation of atypical large cells with huge eosinophilic nucleoli. They were often multinucleated, and binucleated forms characteristic of Sternberg-Reed cells of human HD were occasionally present. There was no cytological atypia in the background lymphocytes. Thus, the lesion was identified as analogous to HD in man. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of HD in the killer whale.

Malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease in baboons (Papio sp.).

Four cases of spontaneous malignant lymphoma and one of Hodgkin's lymphoma in baboons at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research were studied and described. These cases were in animals of both sexes that varied in age from 6 to 25 years, and were in residence at the Foundation from 2 to 24 years, during which time there was no known exposure to carcinogenetic agents. Attempts to isolate an etiological viral agent or demonstrate viral particles in lymphoid tissue were unsuccessful.

Four cases of Hodgkin's disease in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Twelve of 152 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) necropsied at the Ontario Veterinary College between 1970 and 1980 had neoplasms. Tumors occurred in one of 86 wild skunks, and 11 of 66 captive skunks. Captive skunks were primarily from one source and were older animals. Tumors in four skunks resembled those found in Hodgkin's disease of man. This diagnosis was based on the presence of Sternberg-Reed cells, the cellular pattern, and the malignant behavior of the neoplasms. In two of these skunks, a second neoplasm also was present. Other tumors diagnosed included pulmonary adenocarcinoma, pulmonary adenomatosis, undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, renal adenocarcinoma, thyroid adenoma, interstitial cell tumor, pheochromocytoma, pinealoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and spindle cell sarcoma.

Malignant lymphoma resembling Burkitt's tumour in rhesus monkeys: (light- and electron microscopic studies).

Spontaneous tumours of the haematopoetic system have been only rarely observed in nonhuman primates. We had the opportunity to carry out light and electron microscopic investigations of three lymphomas in immature rhesus monkeys from our colony. All animals had tumours of both retroperitoneum and lymph nodes. The relatively uniform lymphoblastic or lymphoreticular tumour cells as well as the massive occurence of the so-called "starry sky macrophages" were histologically characteristic. Histochemically, the marked pyroninophilia of these tumour cells was evident. The electron nicroscopy revealed the tumour cells as lymphoblasts of about 8 mu diameter with the following features: round or oval, occasionally deeply indented cell nuclei with relatively clear interchromatinic substance; mostly well developed nucleoli; sparsely, rough endoplasmatic reticulum; large numbers of free ribosomes and polyribosomes; a few large, bizzarre mitochondria, often situated at one pole; lipid vacuoles in some cells. These histological, cytological and electron microscopic characteristics correspond to those of the human Burkitt's Lymphoma. This tumour is classified as an undifferentiated malignant lymphoma. Tumours of this type are of particular interest on comparative and epidemiological reasons in light of the existence of morphologically similar experimental, virus induced lymphomas in monkeys.

No evidence for particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high molecular weight virus-related RNA in herpesvirus induced tumours of non-human primates.

The simultaneous detection test gave no evidence for the presence of RNA tumour viruses in herpesvirus induced malignant lymphomas of non-human primates. The 12 tumours tested were obtained from three different monkey species inoculated with Herpesvirus saimiri or herpesvirus ateles. Particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high mol. wt. virus-related RNA were easily demonstrated in tumours of the mouse induced by type-C or type-B oncornaviruses and in human lymphoid cells infected with simian sarcoma virus type I which were examined in parallel. Attempts to demonstrate partial expression of an oncornavirus genome in the herpesvirus induced tumours and attempts to detect an interspecies antigen related to monkey oncornaviruses were negative and strengthened the observations made with the simultaneous detection test.